chiteshi chekuchaja

Kutyaira pamagetsi zvinoreva kuti unofanira kutarisira kuchaja motokari. Panzira, kubasa, asi, hongu, kumba. Chii chaunofanira kutarisa kana uchitenga chiteshi chekuchaja?

Ino inogona kunge iri nguva yako yekutanga kutyaira mota yemagetsi kana plug-in hybrid mota. Kana zvirizvo, saka pamwe hausati wambopinda mune yekuchaja chiteshi chiitiko. Zvichida wakajaira motokari inoshandisa peturu, dhiziri, kana gasi. Iyo inonzi "fossil fuel" yawakatyaira uchienda kuchiteshi chepeturu kana tank yave kusvika kumagumo. Iwe zvino uchatsiva iyi chiteshi chekuzadza nechiteshi chekuchaja. Nenguva isipi ichave chiteshi chako chepeturu kumba.

Funga nezvazvo: ndeipi nguva yekupedzisira yawakanakidzwa nekuwedzera mafuta? Kazhinji ichi chinhu chakaipa chinodiwa. Mira pedyo nemotokari kwemaminitsi mashanu mune chero mamiriro okunze uye kumirira kuti tangi rizadze. Dzimwe nguva unofanira kuita kutsauka. Nguva dzose ndinokutendai zvakare pakubhadhara nekutora mukana wezvinopihwa svondo rino. Kuwedzera mafuta hachisi chinhu chinofarirwa nevakawanda.

Asi ikozvino wave kutyaira yemagetsi kana plug-in hybrid. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana uine rombo rakanaka, hauzombofa wakamboenda kuchiteshi chepeturu zvakare. Chinhu chimwe chete chinodzoka ndechekuti iwe unofanirwa kubatidza mota nekukurumidza kana wasvika kumba. Zvakafanana nekuisa foni yako pachaja manheru: unotanga zvakare zuva rinotevera nebhatiri rakazara.

Kuchaja mota yako yemagetsi

Chinhu chimwe chete chaunoda kuti "refuel" motokari yemagetsi ijaja. Kufanana nenharembozha yako, yako plug-in hybrid kana yemagetsi mota inowanzouya nechaja. Iyo charger yaunowana nemota iri single-phase muzviitiko zvakawanda. Aya machaja akakodzera kubhadharisa mota kubva kune yakajairika.

Zvinonzwika zviri nyore, nekuti munhu wese ane socket kumba. Nekudaro, kumhanya kwekuchaja kwemajaja aya kune mashoma. Kune hybrid kana yemagetsi mota ine bhatiri diki (uye nekudaro diki renji), izvi zvinogona kukwana. Uye kunyangwe vanhu vanofamba nzendo pfupi vanozove nezvakaringana neiyi standard charger. Mushure mezvose, kana iwe uchityaira makiromita makumi matatu pazuva (inova ingangoita avhareji yeDutch), haufanire kuchaja bhatiri rako rese husiku. Iwe unongoda kuzadza simba raunofamba naro makiromita makumi matatu aya.

Zvose mune zvose, zvisinei, iwe uchada mhinduro inokubvumira kuti utakure zvishoma nokukurumidza. Apa ndipo panopinda chiteshi chekuchaja. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kuchaja kubva pamadziro emadziro hakusi kukurumidza zvakakwana.

Yakanakisa mhinduro: chiteshi chekuchaja

Iwe unogona zvechokwadi kushandisa yakajairwa charger, asi pane mukana wakanaka iyi imhinduro yakashata. Iwe unogona kunge uri kushandisa simba rekubuda mukamuri yekutandarira pedyo nemusuwo wako wepamberi uye kurembera tambo mubhokisi retsamba. Tambo yacho inobva yapinda mumugwagwa kana kuti mugwagwa unoenda kumotokari. Nechiteshi chekuchaja kana bhokisi remadziro, unogadzira chinongedzo kune façade yeimba yako kana hofisi. Kana kuti pamwe unogona kuisa chiteshi chekuchaja chakasiyana munzira yako. Chero zvazvingaitika, iwe unogona kuita yekubatanidza padyo nemuchina wako. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive yakanaka uye isingaite kutsika pamusoro peyako yekuchaja tambo.

Asi yakakura uye kune yakawanda yakakosha mukana: kuchaja nechiteshi chekuchaja mune dzakawanda zviitiko nekukurumidza kupfuura neyakajairwa charger. Kuti utsanangure kuti izvi zvinoshanda sei, tinofanira kutanga takuudza nezvemhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi, marudzi akasiyana emapulagi, uye multiphase kuchaja.

KUCHINANA ZVINO

Kwete, hatisi kutaura pamusoro peboka rekare re rockers. AC uye DC marudzi maviri akasiyana ezvino. Kana chaizvo: nzira mbiri dzakasiyana dzemagetsi dzinoshanda. Unofanira kunge wakanzwa nezvaVaEdison, muvambi wegirobhu. Uye Nikola Tesla achaita seasingazive zvachose kwauri zvakare. Kana chete nokuti imwe yemhando huru mumunda wemotokari yemagetsi inonzi zita raVaTesla. Vaviri ava varume vaive vakabatikana nemagetsi, Mr. Edison vane yakananga ikozvino, uye VaTesla vane alternating current.

Ngatitangei neDC kana yakananga ikozvino. Isu tinodaidzawo izvi muchiDutch "yakananga ikozvino" nekuti inogara ichienda kubva padanho A kuenda kunongedzo B. Iwe wakazvifungidzira: inoenda kubva kune yakanaka kuenda kune yakaipa. Yakananga ikozvino ndiyo inonyanya kushanda yesimba. Maererano naVaEdison, iyi ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekushandisa girobhu rako rechiedza. Nokudaro, yakava chiyero chekushanda kwemidziyo yemagetsi. Naizvozvo, midziyo yakawanda yemagetsi, senge laptop yako uye foni, shandisa yakananga ikozvino.

Kugovera kune chiteshi chekuchaja: kwete DC, asi AC

Asi imwe nzira yemagetsi yainyatsokodzera kugovera: alternating current. Iyi ndiyo yazvino inobva mudura redu. Izvi zvinoreva "alternating current", iyo inonziwo "alternating current" muchiDutch. Iyi fomu yesimba yakaonekwa naTesla seyakanakisa sarudzo nekuti zvaive nyore kugovera simba pamadaro marefu. Anenge ese magetsi emunhu ari kupihwa kuburikidza nealternating current. Chikonzero ndechekuti zviri nyore kutakura nzendo refu. Chikamu cheichi chazvino chinoshanduka chinoramba kubva pakuwedzera kuenda paminus. MuEurope, iyi frequency ndeye 50 hertz, kureva, makumi mashanu shanduko pasekondi. Zvisinei, izvi zvinoguma nokurasikirwa kwesimba. Pamusoro pezvo, zvishandiso zvakawanda zvinofambiswa neDC simba sosi nekuti inoshanda zvakanyanya uye ine akati wandei mamwe mabhenefiti ehunyanzvi.

CCS yekubatanidza kuRenault ZOE 2019

Inverter

Inverter inodiwa kushandura AC ikozvino kubva kunetiweki yekugovera kuenda kuDC kuti ishandiswe mumidziyo yako yepamba. Shandura iyi inodaidzwa zvakare kuti adapta. Kuti zvishandiso zvishande, inverter kana adapta inoshandura alternating current (AC) kuti itungamire ikozvino (DC). Nenzira iyi, iwe unogona kuramba uchi plug yako DC powered mudziyo muAC simba uye woirega ichimhanya kana kuchaja.

Izvi zvakafanana nemotokari dzemagetsi: zvichienderana nesarudzo yemugadziri, motokari yemagetsi inomhanya yakananga (DC) kana kushandura (AC) ikozvino. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, inverter inodiwa kushandura AC simba kune mains. Mota zhinji dzemazuvano dzemagetsi dzine DC mota. Idzi mota dzine inverter yakavakirwa pakati pekuchajisa (pakabatana plug) nebhatiri.

Naizvozvo, kana iwe ukachaja mota yako pachiteshi chekuchaja kumba, asiwo munzvimbo dzakawanda dzekuchaja dzeveruzhinji, unenge uchishandisa ichi chinoshandura. Chakanakira ndechekuti iyi nzira yekuchaja inogona kuitwa chero chero kupi, chakashata ndechekuti kumhanya hakuna kunyatso. Iyo inverter mumotokari ine zvimwe zvisingakwanisi zvehunyanzvi, izvo zvinoreva kuti kumhanya kwekuchaja hakugone kukurumidza. Zvisinei, pane imwe nzira yekubhadhara motokari.

Fast kuchaja chiteshi

Zvimwe zviteshi zvekuchaja zvine yakavakirwa-mukati inverter. Inowanzova yakakura uye ine simba kupfuura inverter iyo inokodzera motokari yemagetsi. Nekushandura alternating current (AC) kuti itungamirire ikozvino (DC) kunze kwemotokari, kuchaja kunogona kuitika nekukurumidza zvakanyanya. Ehe, izvi zvinongoshanda chete kana mota iine yakavakirwa-mukati kugona kusvetuka chinoshandura mota mukuita.

Nekutumira yakananga ikozvino (DC) yakananga kubhatiri, unogona kuichaja nekukurumidza kupfuura kushandura ikozvino (AC), iyo inoda kushandurwa kuti ienderane ikozvino (DC) mumotokari. Nekudaro, zviteshi zvekuchaja izvi zvakakura, zvinodhura uye nekudaro zvishoma zvakajairika. Iyo yekuchaja chiteshi parizvino haina kunyanya kunakidza pakushandisa pamba. Nekudaro, izvi zvinogona kuve zvakakosha kune bhizinesi zvikumbiro. Asi parizvino, isu tichatarisa pane yakajairika vhezheni yezviteshi zvekuchaja: chiteshi chekuchaja chemba.

Chiteshi chekuchaja kumba: chii chandinofanira kuziva?

Kana uri kusarudza chiteshi chekuchaja chemba yako, pane zvinhu zvakati wandei zvaunofanira kuziva nezve kuibatanidza:

• Chiteshi changu chekuchaja chinogona kukurumidza sei kupa magetsi?
• Motokari yangu yemagetsi inochaja zvakadii?
• Ndeipi yekubatanidza / plug yandinoda?
• Ndinoda kuronda mari yangu yekuchaja here? Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kana mushandirwi wako achibhadhara mari yako yemuhoro.

Isimba rakawanda sei rinogona kupa chiteshi changu chekuchaja?

Kana iwe ukatarisa muwadhiropu yako yemamita, iwe unowanzoona mapoka akati wandei. Boka rakasiyana rinowanzowedzerwa pachiteshi chekuchaja. Izvi zvinokurudzirwa zvakadaro, kunyanya kana uri kushandisa muchina webhizinesi. Muchiitiko ichi, zvinobatsirawo kuisa imwe yakasiyana kilowatt-awa mita muboka iri kuitira kuti uone kuti simba rakawanda sei riri kushandiswa kubhadharisa motokari dzemagetsi mumba mako. Nenzira iyi, mushandirwi anogona kuziviswa nezvekushandiswa chaiko. Kana kuronga bhizinesi kana iwe, semuzvinabhizimusi, uchichaja mota yako kumba. Chaizvoizvo, zviremera zvemitero zvinoda mita yakaparadzana yekuchaja mota yemagetsi kumba. Kune zvakare zviteshi zvehungwaru zvekuchaja zvinoteedzera kushandiswa, semuenzaniso, kushandisa kadhi yekuchaja kana app, asi zviremera zvemitero hazvigamuchire zviri pamutemo izvi sechishandiso chekunyoresa.

Volt, ampere mu watts

Dzimba dzakawanda dzemazuva ano muNetherlands dzine bhokisi reboka rine zvikamu zvitatu, kana bhokisi reboka rakagadzirirwa izvi zvakadaro. Kazhinji boka rimwe nerimwe rakarongerwa 25 amps, iyo 16 amps inogona kushandiswa. Dzimwe dzimba dzine katatu 35 amps, iyo 25 amps inogona kushandiswa.

MuNetherlands, tine 230 volt magetsi grid. Kuti tiverenge simba rakakura rechiteshi chekuchaja kumba, tinowanza aya mazana maviri nemakumi matatu volts nehuwandu hwemafungu anobatsira uye nhamba yezvikamu. MuNetherlands, chikamu chimwe kana zvitatu kazhinji chinofanirwa kubatwa nacho, zvikamu zviviri hazviwanzo. Saka, kuverenga kunoratidzika seizvi:

Volt x ampere x nhamba yezvikamu = simba

230 x 16 x 1 = 3680 = yakatenderedzwa 3,7 kWh

230 x 16 x 3 = 11040 = yakatenderedzwa 11 kWh

Saka nechikamu chimwe chete chakasanganiswa ne 25 amp yekubatanidza, iyo yakanyanya kuchaja mwero paawa ndeye 3,7 kW.

Kana zvikamu zvitatu zve 16 amps zviripo (semudzimba dzakawanda dzemazuva ano muNetherlands), mitoro yakafanana inogoverwa kumativi matatu. Nekubatanidza uku, motokari inogona kubhadharwa nesimba guru re 11 kW (3 zvikamu zvakapetwa ne 3,7 kW), kunze kwekuti motokari uye chiteshi chekuchaja zvakakodzerawo izvi.

Bhokisi reboka rinogona kunge richida kuremerwa kuti rigone chiteshi chekuchaja kana charger yemudhuri (wall box). Zvinoenderana nesimba rechiteshi chekuchaja.

Motokari yangu yemagetsi inochaja zvakadii?

Ino ndiyo nguva iyo zviri nyore kukanganisa. Zviri kuyedza kusarudza yakanakisa, inorema yekubatanidza nekuti inogona kuchaja mota yako nekukurumidza, handizvo here? Zvakanaka, kwete nguva dzose. Mota zhinji dzemagetsi hadzigone kubhadharisa kubva kumatanho akawanda zvachose.

Mota dzinokwanisa kuita izvi dzinowanzova mota dzine mabhatiri akakura. Asi ivo havagone kuzviitawo, semuenzaniso iyo Jaguar i-Pace inogona kungochaja kubva kune chimwe chikamu. Saka, kumhanya kwekurodha kunoenderana nezvinhu zvinotevera:

• kuchaja chiteshi kumhanya
• kumhanya uko mota inogona kuchaja
• saizi yebhatiri

mubhadharo

Kuti tiverenge nguva yebhatiri rakazadzwa zvakazara, ngativerengei. Ngatitii tine motokari yemagetsi ine 50 kWh bhatiri. Iyi mota yemagetsi inokwanisa kuchaja zvikamu zvitatu, asi chiteshi chekuchaja chikamu chimwe chete. Saka, kuverenga kunoratidzika seizvi:

50 kWh / 3,7 = 13,5 maawa ekuchaja bhatiri zvizere.

Iyo yechitatu-phase yekuchaja station inogona kuchaja 11 kW. Sezvo motokari ichitsigirawo izvi, kuverenga kunotevera:

50 kWh / 11 = 4,5 maawa ekuchaja bhatiri zvizere.

Asi ikozvino ngatizvishandure: mota inogona kubhadharisa chikamu chimwe. Chiteshi chekuchaja chinogona kupa zvikamu zvitatu, asi sezvo mota isingakwanise kubata izvi, kuverenga kwekutanga kunoshanda zvakare:

50 kWh / 3,7 = 13,5 maawa ekuchaja bhatiri zvizere.

Kuchaja-chikamu chetatu kuri kuwedzera kuwanda

Mota dzemagetsi dzakawanda dziri kupinda mumusika (ona Overview yeMagetsi Vehicles Anouya muna 2020). Sezvo mabhatiri achikura, matatu-phase kuchaja inozowedzera kuwanda. Nekudaro, kuti ukwanise kuchaja nezvikamu zvitatu, unoda zvikamu zvitatu pamativi ese: mota inofanirwa kutsigira izvi, asiwo chiteshi chekuchaja!

Kana mota yemagetsi ichikwanisa kubhadhariswa kubva pane chimwe chikamu, zvingave zvinonakidza kuve ne35 amp yakabatana chikamu mumba. Izvi zvinosanganisira mari yekuwedzera, asi zvinogoneka. Ne 35 amp single phase yekubatanidza, unogona kubhadharisa nekukurumidza. Nekudaro, iyi haisiriyo yakajairika mamiriro, chiyero muNetherlands zvikamu zvitatu zve25 amps. Dambudziko ne-single-phase connection nderekuti zviri nyore kuiremedza. Semuenzaniso, kana ukabatidza washer yako, dryer, uye dishwasher yako mota yako ichitakura, inogona kuwandisa uye inokonzera kupera kwemagetsi.

Chaizvoizvo, mota yako inogona kunge iine imwe kana akawanda socket zvitoro. Aya ndiwo macompounds anonyanyozivikanwa:

Ndeapi maplugs / makubatanidza aripo?

• Ngatitangei nesoketi (Schuko): iyi socket yeplug yenguva dzose. Zvechokwadi inokodzera kubatanidza charger inouya nemotokari. Sezvambotaurwa, iyi ndiyo nzira iri nyore yekuchaja. Uye zvakare inononoka. Kumhanya kwekuchaja kunokwana 3,7 kW (230 V, 16 A).

Kubatana kwekare kwemotokari dzemagetsi

• CEE: Inorema forogo inowanikwa mune akati wandei mavhezheni. Imhando ye230V plug, asi inorema zvishoma. Iwe unogona kuziva iyo matatu-pole yebhuruu musiyano nemusasa. Kune zvakare shanu-pole version, kazhinji mutsvuku. Inogona kubata yakakwirira voltages, asi saka inokodzera chete nzvimbo dzinowanikwa matatu-chikamu simba, semakambani. Iyi stubs haina kunyanya kuwanda.
• Type 1: XNUMX-pini plug, iyo yainyanya kushandiswa pamotokari dzeAsia. Semuenzaniso, zvizvarwa zvekutanga zveLeaf uye akati wandei eplug-in mahybrids akadai seOutlander PHEV nePrius plug-in hybrid vanogovera iyi link. Aya mapulagi haachashandiswa zvakare, ari kunyangarika zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pamusika.
• CHAdeMo: Japanese inokurumidza kuchaja mwero. Kubatana uku, semuenzaniso, paNissan Leaf. Nekudaro, mota dzine CHAdeMo yekubatanidza kazhinji dzine Type 1 kana Type 2 yekubatanidza.

Izvo zvakakosha zvakabatanidzwa kusvika zvino

• Type 2 (Mennekes): Iyi ndiyo chiyero muEurope. Anenge ese emazuvano emagetsi uye mahybrid mota kubva kuvagadziri vekuEurope vane chinongedzo ichi. Mitengo yekuchaja inotangira pa3,7 kW pachikamu kusvika pa44 kW pazvikamu zvitatu kuburikidza nealternating current (AC). Tesla akaitawo kuti plug iyi ikwane yakananga ikozvino (DC) kuchaja. Izvi zvinoita kuti kumhanya kwepamusoro kwechaji kugoneke.Parizvino, neTesla's yakatsaurirwa fast charger (Supercharger), zvinokwanisika kuchaja inosvika 250 kW nerudzi urwu rweplug.
• CCS: Yakasanganiswa Kuchaja System. Iyi iType 1 kana Type 2 AC plug yakasanganiswa nemapango maviri akakora ekukurumidza kuchaja DC. Saka iyi plug inotsigira ese ari maviri ekuchaja sarudzo. Izvi zviri kukurumidza kuita chiyero chitsva chemhando huru dzeEurope.

Mennekes Type 2 Kubatanidza paOpel Grandland X Plug-in Hybrid

Naizvozvo, usati watenga chiteshi chekuchaja, unofanirwa kuona kuti ndeupi rudzi rweplug yaunoda. Izvi, zvechokwadi, zvinoenderana nemotokari yemagetsi yaunosarudza. Kana iwe uri kutenga mota nyowani yemagetsi, mikana yakanaka yekuti ine Type 2 / CCS yekubatanidza. Nekudaro, kune zvimwe zvinongedzo zvinotengeswa zvakare, saka nyatso tarisa kuti mota yako ine chinongedzo chipi.

Kuchaja chiteshi kunodhura kumba

Mitengo yezviteshi zvekuchaja pamba inosiyana zvakanyanya. Mutengo unotarwa nemutengesi, rudzi rwekubatanidza uye huwandu hwechiteshi chekuchaja. Nzvimbo yekuchaja yezvikamu zvitatu, hongu, inodhura zvakanyanya pane yakadzikwa pasi. Izvo zvakare zvinoenderana nekuti une smart yekuchaja chiteshi yakaiswa. Chiteshi chakangwara chekuchaja chinoshandisa kadhi rekuchaja uye chinobhadhara otomatiki mabhiri emagetsi ewaunoshandira.

Mutengo wechiteshi chekuchaja kumba unosiyana zvakanyanya. Iwe unogona kutenga chiteshi chekuchaja chiri nyore pasina kuzviputira iwe pachako kwe200 euros. Chiteshi chechitatu-chikamu chakangwara chekuchaja chine mbiri mbiri, chinokubvumidza kubhadharisa mota mbiri, inogona kudhura € 2500 kana kupfuura. Pamusoro pezvo, vazhinji vanogadzira mota dzemagetsi vava kupa majaja. Aya machaja akakodzera kumota yako.

Kuwedzera mari yekumisikidza chiteshi chekuchaja uye kumisikidza kumba

Zviteshi zvekuchaja uye kuiswa kwavo kunowanikwa mune ese maumbirwo uye saizi. Kunze kwemitengo yataurwa pamusoro yekuchaja chiteshi, kune zvakare mari yekuisa. Asi, sezvatakatsanangura pakuvamba, zvinotsamira chaizvoizvo pamamiriro ezvinhu epamba. Kuisa chiteshi chekuchaja kunogona kuve kwakapusa sekungovhara madziro mune yako iripo 230 V imba network.

Asi izvi zvinogona zvakare kureva kuti danda rinofanira kuiswa 15 metres kubva kumba kwako, kuti iwe unofanirwa kutambanudza tambo kubva pamamita yako kuenda kwairi. Mapoka ekuwedzera, mamita ekushandisa kana zvimwe zvikamu zvinogona kudikanwa. Muchidimbu: mari inogona kusiyana zvakanyanya. Iva neruzivo rwakakwana uye zvakajeka kubvumirana neanopa uye / kana anoisa nezve basa richaitwa. Nenzira iyi hauzosangana nechero zvinoshamisa zvisingafadzi mushure.