Chiedza cheGreen cheF-110

Chiratidzo cheF-110 frigate. Haisi ichangoburwa, asi misiyano kubva kungarava chaiyo ichave yekushongedza.

Zvipikirwa zvakaitwa nevezvematongerwo enyika kune vafambisi vegungwa vePoland hazviwanzozadzikiswa nenguva uye zvizere, kana zvachose. Zvichakadaro, apo Mutungamiriri weSpain, Pedro Sanchez akazivisa pakati pegore rapfuura kuti kondirakiti yebhirioni-euro yekutenga nhevedzano yefrigates yaizopedzwa kusati kwapera gore rapfuura, akachengeta shoko rake. Nekudaro, chirongwa chekuvakwa kwechizvarwa chitsva chezvikepe zvekuperekedza zveArmada Española chapinda muchikamu chesarudzo zvisati zvagadzirwa.

Chibvumirano chambotaurwa pakati peBazi reDziviriro yeMadrid nekambani yehurumende yekuvaka ngarava Navantia SA yakapedzwa muna Zvita 12, 2018. Mutengo wayo waive 4,326 bhiriyoni euros, uye ine chekuita nekuitwa kwehunyanzvi dhizaini uye kuvakwa kwemafiritsi mashanu eF-110 ane zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana kutsiva ngarava nhanhatu dzerudzi rweF-80 Santa María. Iwo ekupedzisira, ari erezenisi vhezheni yerudzi rweAmerican OH Perry, akavakwa panzvimbo inochengeterwa ngarava yeBazan (Empresa Nacional Bazán de Construcciones Navales Militares SA) muFerrol uye akapinda basa muna 1986-1994. Muna 2000, chirimwa ichi chakabatanidzwa neAstilleros Españoles SA, ichigadzira IZAR, asi makore mashanu gare gare, mugoveri mukuru, Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales (State Industrial Union), akaparadzaniswa nayo chikamu chemauto, chinonzi Navantia, saka - kunyangwe zita rakachinja. - kugadzirwa kwezvikepe muFerrol kwakachengetwa. Iyo Santa María frigates inowirirana neazvino-yakareba-yakareba-yakareba US Navy OH Perry ngarava uye ine yakawedzera danda isingasviki mita. Yekutanga yemagetsi uye zvombo masisitimu ekutanga akaiswa ipapo, kusanganisira iyo isina kunyatsobudirira 12-barreled 20-mm Fábrica de Artillería Bazán MeRoKa pfupi-range yekudzivirira system. Zvikepe zvitanhatu zvaive muchero wechipiri wekubatana neUS shipbuilding industry, sezvo mashanu Baleares frigates akambovakwa muSpain, ayo aive makopi eKnox-class units (mubasa 1973-2006). Akanga ariwo wokupedzisira.

Makumi maviri emakore ekuvaka patsva uye kushandiswa kwakatevera kweAmerican tekinoroji pfungwa yakaisa hwaro hwekuzvimiririra dhizaini yezvikepe zvehondo zvehondo. Nenguva isipi zvakava pachena kuti vokuSpain vakanga vari kuita zvakawanda kupfuura zvakanaka. Iyo purojekiti yechina F-100 frigates (Alvaro de Bazan, mubasa kubva 2002 kusvika 2006), iyo yechishanu yakabatana makore matanhatu gare gare, yakakunda mumakwikwi eAmerica neEurope, ikava hwaro hweAWD (Air Warfare Destroyer), mu iyo Royal Australian Navy yakagamuchira vaparadzi vatatu vanorwisa ndege. Pakutanga, Navantia yakahwina mukwikwidzi wefrigate yeNorwegian Sjøforsvaret, uye muna 2006-2011 yakasimbiswa nezvikamu zvishanu zveFridtjof Nansen. Nzvimbo yezvikepe yakavakawo ngarava dzevarindi vegungwa dzeVenezuela (vana Avante 1400 uye vana 2200 Vanorwa) uye ichangobva kutanga kugadzira macorvettes mashanu eSaudi Arabia zvichibva pakugadzirwa kweAvante 2200. Nechiitiko ichi, kambani yakakwanisa kutanga basa chizvarwa chitsva chezvikepe.

Kugadzirira

Kuedza kuparura chirongwa cheF-110 kwakaitwa kubva mukupera kwemakore gumi apfuura. Hondo yeSpanish Navy, ichiziva kuti kutenderera kwekuvaka chizvarwa chitsva chefrigates kunoda angangoita makore gumi - kubva pakutumwa kusvika pakupera - yakatanga kuyedza kupa zviwanikwa zvemari nechinangwa ichi muna 10. Vakatangwa neAJEMA (Almirante General Jefe de Estado Mayor de la Armada, Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Navy). Kunyangwe ipapo, musangano wekutanga wehunyanzvi wakarongwa, apo tarisiro dzekutanga dzezvikepe maererano nevaperekedzi vatsva dzakaziviswa. Kwapera gore, AJEMA yakabudisa tsamba umo yakasimbisa kudikanwa kwokushanda kuri madikanwa kutanga muitiro wokuwana zvombo zvehondo. Yakaratidza kuti yekutanga Santa Maria frigates angave anopfuura makore makumi matatu kusvika 2009, zvichiratidza kukosha kwekutanga chirongwa chitsva muna 2020 uye kuvashandura kuita simbi kubva 30. Kusimbisa vezvematongerwo enyika, F-2012 yakasarudzwa mugwaro sechikamu pakati pemaF-2018 mafrigates makuru, akagadzirirwa kutora chikamu mukurwisana kwakazara kwepfuti, uye 110-mita BAM (Buque de Acción Marítima, Meteoro type) patrols. inoshandiswa mumaritime security surveillance operations.

Zvinosuruvarisa nokuda kweF-110 muna 2008, dambudziko rehupfumi rakanonoka kutanga kwepurogiramu kusvika 2013. Zvisinei, muna December 2011, Ministry of Defense yakakwanisa kupedzisa chibvumirano neIndra neNavantia nokuda kwekukosha kwekufananidzira kwemamiriyoni maviri ema euro kusvika. ita ongororo yekutanga yekugona kwekugadzira iyo MASTIN yakabatanidzwa mast (kubva kuMástil Integrado) yemafrigate matsva. Pasinei nekuoma kwehupfumi, muna Ndira 2 AJEMA yakatumira mabasa ekutanga ehunyanzvi (Objetivo de Estado Mayor), uye zvichibva pakuongorora kwavo muna Chikunguru.

Muna 2014, izvo zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi (Requisitos de Estado Mayor) zvakagadzirwa. Aya ndiwo akanga ari mapepa ekupedzisira aidiwa pakugadzirira kwechidzidzo chekugonesa neDirectorate General of Armaments uye Military Equipment (Dirección general de Armamento y Material). Munguva iyi, ngarava "yakazvimba" kubva 4500 kusvika 5500 matani. zvirevo zvekutanga zvekugadzirwa kwemast uye tactical uye tekinoroji zvigadziriso, kusanganisira iyo magetsi chirimwa. Mugore rimwe chetero, iyo F-110 Dhizaini Bureau yakavambwa.

Mari chaiyo yakagamuchirwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 2015. Panguva iyoyo, Ministry of Defense yeMadrid yakasaina kondirakiti inokosha 135,314 miriyoni euros nemakambani ambotaurwa kuti aite mamwe gumi nerimwe mamwe mabasa ekutsvagisa nekusimudzira ane chekuita, kunyanya, kugadzira nekugadzira prototypes uye sensor demonstrators, kusanganisira: an antenna panel ine kutumira uye kugamuchira mamodule eiyo X-bhendi pamusoro pekutarisa system yekirasi yeAFAR; AESA S-band Air Surveillance Radar Panel; RESM uye CESM zvemagetsi zvehondo masisitimu; reconnaissance system TsIT-26, inoshanda mumamodhi 5 uye S, ine mhete antenna; yakakwirira simba amplifiers ye Link 16 data transmission system; pamwe chete nedanho rekutanga rekuvandudzwa kweSCOMBA (Sistema de COMbate de los Buques de la Armada) hurongwa hwekurwisa nemakomputa, maconsoles uye zvikamu zvaro zvekuisa paCIST (Centro de Integración de Sensores en Tierra) mahombekombe ekubatanidza kumira. Kuti izvi zviitike, Navantia Sistemas naIndra vakaumba mubatanidzwa PROTEC F-110 (Programas Tecnológicos F-110). Nenguva isipi, Madrid Technological University (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid) yakakokwa kuti ishande pamwe chete. Pamusoro peBazi reDziviriro, Bazi reIndasitiri, Magetsi neKushanya rakabatana nekupa mari yebasa. PROTEC yakaunza akati wandei-akamisikidzwa sensor masisitimu kune vashandi vengarava. Kuti uwedzere kugadzira, chimiro chine octagonal base chakasarudzwa.

Basa rakaitwawo pachikuva chefrigate. Imwe yemazano ekutanga yaive yekushandisa yakagadziridzwa F-100 dhizaini, asi izvi hazvina kugamuchirwa nemauto. Muna 2010, paEuronaval kuratidzwa muParis, Navantia yakaunza "frigate yeramangwana" F2M2 Steel Pike. Pfungwa iyi kusvika pamwero yakati yaitsigira chirongwa cheAustal chekugadzwa kwematatu emhando yeIndependence, yakagadziridzwa yakawanda yeUS Navy pasi pechirongwa cheLCS. Zvakadaro, zvakaonekwa kuti iyo trimaran system haina kunyatso kurongeka kwePDO, iyo propulsion system yakanyanya ruzha, uye trimaran dhizaini inodiwa mune mamwe maapplication, i.e. hombe yose upamhi (30 maringe 18,6 m nokuda F-100) uye zvinoguma dhizaini nzvimbo - muchiitiko ichi, haana kukwana zvinodiwa. Yakazove zvakare avant-garde uye pamwe inodhura zvakanyanya kuita uye kushanda. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti iyi yaive danho rekugadzira ngarava, iyo nokudaro yakafunga kugona kwekugadzirwa kwerudzi urwu kuzadzisa zvaitarisirwa zvinodiwa zveF-110 (yakatsanangurwa panguva yacho zvakanyanya), pamwe nekufarira kwevanogona kugamuchira vatorwa. .