Liquid kana gaseous methane, zviri nani uye nei

Kuenzanisa kwegasi uye mvura methane kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kukosha munyika yemotokari. zvokutengeserana nemaindasitiriuko marudzi ese emagetsi emagetsi aripo, kunyangwe kana mvura parizvino yakachengeterwa mota dzinorema, iyo mune dzimwe nguva, semuenzaniso muIveco Stralis, inogona kupa imwe kana imwe, kana zvichiri zvese mhinduro. Asi maitiro avo ndeapi?

Sezvineiwo KKE

Methane mune gaseous state, inoratidzirwa nekutanga CNG (gasi rechisikigo rakamanikidzwa), yagara ichishandiswa kuindasitiri yemotokari: ha zvakanakira zvikuru seyakanakisa kudziyisa kukosha, kuburitsa kwakaderera zvichienzaniswa nemamwe mafuta e mitengo yakaderera, haidiwo zvekufambisa kuti isvike pachiteshi chepeturu, inosvikako nemapaipi.

Liquid methane kana LNG

Liquid Methane, pfupiso LNG (liquefied natural gas), ndeye methane nzira chaiyo liquefaction iyo inoitika kana yakadzvanywa patembiricha yakaderera kwazvo (-161 °). Shanduko iyi inoita kuti zviwedzere nyore kutakura pamusoro pemadaro marefu, ingofunga izvozvo nazvo 600 litita Lita rimwe chete reLPG rinogadzirwa kubva kumethane gasi, inomiririra kuunganidzwa kwakakosha kwesimba munzvimbo diki.

Liquid methane inogoneka takura munzvimbo dzisingasvikike kune mapaipi, kunyanya negungwa, asiwo nenyika, uye zvino inogona kudzoserwa kune gaseous state (regasification) ye kugovera mumasevhisi network.

Kushandisa motokari

Methane gasi ragara riri muchinda mamwe mafuta: isingawanike pane liquefied petroleum gas (iyo inotorwa mupetroleum zvakadaro uye nekudaro ine zvishoma inobatsira kwezvakatipoteredza), asi yave kuwedzera kugamuchirwa nekuda kwekusanganiswa. yakaderera mutengo uye kuburitsa kwakaderera, kutanga pamotokari dzakavanzika uyezve zvishoma nezvishoma pamotokari dzakareruka, dzepakati uye dzinorema dzekutengesa, dzinobatsirwawo nepamusoro. ruzha injini.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, zvakadaro, kazhinji sui inoremaLiquid methane inowana nzvimbo yakawanda uye yakawanda, iyo, nekuda kwechimiro chayo chakanyungudutswa, inobvumira kuzvitonga kwemotokari kupeta kaviri kune gaseous methane, nepamusoro kubva pa1.100 kusvika 1.600 km, ichizviita iyo inopfuura inoshanda imwe nzira yedhiziri yemotokari dzakagadzirirwa. kureba.

Kuchena, chaiko, kwakachena kwazvo

Kuenzaniswa nekubuda kweinjini yedhiziri nitrogen dioxide (NO2) methane yakaderera pane 90% nepo zvimedu zvezvimedu zvakasimba zvakaenzana ne zero, izvo zvakareruka i exhaust systems uye kuchenesa gasi, kunobvisa kudiwa zvinowedzera uye inoderedza kudiwa kwekuchengetedza. For CO2, mukuita kwese "kubva patsime kusvika kune chidzoreso", ndiko kuti, kubva pakugadzirwa kusvika pakudyiwa kwekupedzisira, inoderera ne 10-15% kana methane kubva ku "fossil" deposits inoshandiswa uye inogona kuderedzwa ne 95% yebiomethane.

General zvakanakira nezvayakaipira

Pakati pezvakanakira gasi mune ese maviri mafomu: Цена pombi, iyo yakawanda kana zvishoma zvakafanana: kirogiramu imwe yemvura kana gaseous methane inopa chinhambwe chakafanana nerita remafuta edhiziri (zvishoma pasi pe4 km pamotokari dzekirasi 12-18 t), asi inodhura anenge pasina VAT 50 masendi zvishoma... Zvisinei, ikozvino chete kuchengetedza pamafuta, nokuti magasi emhando achiri kumira, se 50% kusvika 90% kupfuura injini yedhiziri yesimba rimwechete.

Network mukugadzira

Dambudziko guru rinoramba riri network kugovera, yakagadziridzwa gasi uye kunyangwe iyo isiri capillary, muItari, uko mazhinji emafekitori achiri akaiswa mukati. matunhu akati wandei akadai Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Veneto, Lombardy.

Liquid, iyo ichangobva kuoneka muindasitiri yemotokari, ikozvino yatonyanya kufarirwa. disadvantaged maererano nekutenderera, kunyangwe mumakore achangopfuura yakatokura zvakanyanya: funga, chirimwa chekutanga chakavhurwa mukati 2014 uye nhasi zviri kushanda 63 uye mamwe makumi mana ari kuvakwa.