4-stroke injini

4-bar waltz

Sei kushanda?

Kunze kwezvishoma zvisingawanzo kurohwa-maviri, mana-stroke ndiyo chete mhando yeinjini inowanikwa pamavhiri edu maviri nhasi. Ngationei kuti inoshanda sei uye kuti ndezvipi zvikamu zvayo.

Injini yevharuvhu yakazvarwa muma1960 ... muzana ramakore rechi19 (1862 yekushandiswa kwepatent). Vagadziri vaviri ava vaizova nepfungwa imwechete panguva imwe chete, asi pasi rose, muGerman Otto anokunda muFrench Beau de Roche. Zvichida nekuda kwezita raro rakatemerwa. Ngativapei kwavari, nekuti nanhasi mutambo wedu watinofarira une chikwereti kwavari kenduru inodada!

Kufanana ne 2-stroke cycle, 4-stroke cycle inogona kuwanikwa ne spark ignition injini, inowanzonzi "peturu," kana kuti compression ignition, inonyanya kuzivikanwa sedhiziri (hongu, kune 2-stroke diesel systems. !). Kupera kwebhuraketi.

Imwe nyika yakaoma kunzwisisa ...

Nheyo yekutanga inogara yakafanana, kusveta mumhepo (oxidizer), iyo inosanganiswa nepeturu (mafuta) kuvapisa uye nekudaro kushandisa simba rakaburitswa kutyaira mota. Zvisinei, izvi zvinopesana nematanho maviri. Tinotora nguva yekuita zvese zvakanaka. Muchokwadi, ichi kugadzirwa kwecamshaft (AAC) kwakangwara kwazvo. Ndiye anodzora kuvhura nekuvhara mavharuvhu, marudzi e "injini yekuzadza uye mavharuvhu". Iwo manomano kushandura iyo AAC 2 nguva inononoka kupfuura crankshaft. Muchokwadi, kuita AAC kunoda shongwe mbiri dze crankshaft kuti dzipedze kutenderera kuzere kwemavharuvhu akavhurika uye akavhara. Nekudaro, AAC, mavharuvhu uye maitiro avo ekudzora anogadzira nyonganiso, saka huremu nekugadzira zvinodhura zvakare. Uye sezvo isu tichishandisa kupisa kamwe chete shongwe mbiri, pachiyero chimwe chete tinoburitsa simba shoma uye, saka, shoma simba pane maviri-sitiroko ...

miniature mufananidzo 4-stroke kutenderera

Прием

Iko kuburitswa kwepiston kunokonzera vacuum uye, saka, kusvetwa kwemhepo-petroli musanganiswa mujini. Kana piston yadzikiswa, kana kunyange zvishoma kare, vharuvhu yekupinda inovhura kuunza musanganiswa mucylinder. Apo piston inosvika pasi, vharuvhu inovhara kudzivirira musanganiswa kubva pakusundirwa kunze, kusimudza piston. Gare gare, mushure mekuongorora kugoverwa, tichaona kuti pano, zvakare, tichamirira zvishoma tisati tavhara valve ...

Kudzvinyirira

Iye zvino kuti cylinder yakazara, zvinhu zvose zvakavharwa uye piston inosimuka, nokudaro ichimanikidza musanganiswa. Anoisundidzira kumashure kune kenduru, iyo iri neungwaru inowanikwa mukamuri yekupisa. Kuderedzwa kwevhoriyamu yejoints uye kuwedzera kunokonzeresa kwekumanikidza kunosimudza tembiricha, izvo zvichabatsira kupisa. Nguva pfupi piston isati yasvika kumusoro (yakakwirira isina kwayakarerekera, kana PMH), iyo spark plug inobatidza pamberi penguva kuti itange kupisa. Chokwadi wakangofanana nemoto, haubvi pakarepo, unofanira kupararira.

Kusvirwa / kuzorora

Iye zvino yava kupisa! Dzvinyiriro, iyo inowedzera kusvika pa90 bar (kana 90 kg per cm2), inosundidzira piston kumashure kune yakaderera isina kwayakarerekera point (PMB), zvichiita kuti crankshaft itendeuke. Mavharuvhu ese anogara akavharwa kuti atore mukana wakazara wekumanikidza, nekuti iyi ndiyo chete nguva simba rinodzoserwa.

Exhaust

Apo piston inopedza kuderera kwayo pasi, simba rakachengetwa mu crankshaft rinodzorera ku PMH. Iko pano kuti mavharuvhu ekupedza akavhurika kuti aburitse magasi eflue. Saka, injini isina chinhu yakagadzirira kuyamwa mumusanganiswa mutsva zvakare kuti utange kutenderera kutsva zvakare. Injini yacho yakatenderedzwa ka2 kuti ivhare kutenderera kwakazara kwe4-stroke, nguva imwe neimwe inenge 1⁄2 kutenderera pachikamu chimwe nechimwe.

Bhokisi rekuenzanisa

Yakanyanya kuomarara, inorema, inodhura uye ine simba shoma pane 2-sitiroko, iyo 4-sitiroko inobatsira kubva mukubudirira kwepamusoro. sobriety, iyo 4 nguva inotsanangurwa nekuparara kuri nani kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekutenderera. Saka, pakuenzana kwekusimuka uye nekukurumidza, 4-stroke ine rombo rakanaka kwete kaviri simba se2-stroke. Muchokwadi, kusimuka kwakaenzana kwakatsanangurwa kweGP, 500-mbiri-stroke / 990cc mana-stroke, yaifarira kwairi. Zvadaro, panguva ye3 cc episode ... Takarambidza kaviri kuti varege kudzoka ... kumutambo nguva ino! Zvakadaro, kutamba kunyangwe, shamhu ina dzinofanirwa kutenderera nekukurumidza kupfuura masilinda akacherwa. Semuenzaniso, haigone kuita pasina dzimwe nyaya dzeruzha. Saka kuunzwa kwemaviri mufflers paTT valve injini.