Makore makumi mashanu eGazelle helikopta
Hondo yeBritish Army Air Corps ndiyo yekutanga kushandisa mauto eGazelle. Kupfuura makopi e200 akashandiswa sekudzidziswa, kutaurirana uye kuziva helicopters; vacharamba vari mubasa kusvikira pakati pemakore gumi echitatu ezana remakore rechimakumi maviri nerimwe. Mufananidzo naMilos Rusecki
Gore rakapera, makore makumi matanhatu ekubhururuka kweGazelle helicopter akapembererwa. Mukupera kwema60s uye mumakore gumi akatevera, yaive imwe yeazvino, kunyangwe avant-garde dhizaini mukirasi yayo. Innovative technical solutions inogadzirisa maitiro ekugadzira kwemakumi emakore anotevera. Nhasi, yakatsiviwa nemhando nyowani dzeherikoputa, asi ichiri chinobata maziso uye ine vateveri vazhinji.
Pakati pe-60s, iyo French kunetseka Sud Aviation yakanga yatove inozivikanwa mugadziri wemaherikoputa. Muna 1965, basa rakatanga ipapo pamutsivi weSA.318 Alouette II. Panguva imwecheteyo, mauto akaisa mberi zvinodiwa zvechiedza chekuongorora uye chikopokopo chekutaurirana. Iyo purojekiti nyowani, yakagamuchira zita rekutanga X-300, yaizove mhedzisiro yekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika, kunyanya neUK, iyo mauto ayo aifarira kutenga helicopters dzechikamu ichi. Basa racho raitungamirirwa nemugadziri mukuru wekambani René Muyet. Pakutanga, yaifanirwa kunge iri 4-seat helicopter ine uremu hwekutora husingapfuuri 1200 kg. Pakupedzisira, kabhini yakawedzerwa kusvika zvigaro zvishanu, pamwe nemukana wekutakura vakakuvara pamubhedha, uye huwandu hweherikoputa yakagadzirira kubhururuka hwakawedzerwa kusvika 1800 kg. Iyo ine simba kupfuura yekutanga yakarongwa modhi yekugadzirwa kwepamba Turbomeca Astazou yakasarudzwa sekutyaira. Muna June 1964, kambani yeGermany Bölkow (MBB) yakapiwa basa rekugadzira avant-garde main rotor ine musoro wakasimba uye mashizha akaumbwa. VaGermany vakatogadzirira rotor yakadaro yeBö-105 helicopter yavo itsva. Musoro werudzi wakaoma waive nyore kugadzira nekushandisa, uye mablades egirazi anochinjika akasimba kwazvo. Kusiyana neGerman-bladed main rotor, iyo French vhezheni, yakapfupikiswa MIR, yaifanira kuve-matatu. Iyo prototype rotor yakaedzwa pafekitari prototype SA.3180-02 Alouette II, iyo yakaita ndege yayo yekutanga muna Ndira 24, 1966.
Yechipiri yekuchinja mhinduro yaive yekutsiviwa kweiyo classic tail rotor ine multi-bladed fan inonzi Fenestron (kubva kuFrench fenêtre - hwindo). Zvaifungidzirwa kuti fan yaizove yakanyatsoshanda uye nekudhonza kushoma, kuderedza kushushikana kwemagetsi pamuswe wemuswe, uye zvakare kuderedza ruzha. Pamusoro pezvo, yaifanira kuve yakachengeteka mukushanda - isingaite pasi pekukuvadzwa kwemichina uye kusanyanya kutyisidzira vanhu vari pedyo neherikoputa. Zvaitofungidzirwa kuti mukubhururuka nekumhanya kwekufamba, fan yaisazotyairwa, uye iyo huru rotor torque yaizongove yakaenzana neiyo vertical stabilizer. Zvisinei, zvakazoitika kuti kukurudzirwa kweFenestron kwaive kunonoka kudarika basa remhepo pachayo. Naizvozvo, yekutanga prototype yeherikoputa itsva, yakasarudzwa SA.340, yakagamuchira kwechinguva chinyakare chetatu-bladed muswe rotor yakagadziridzwa kubva kuAlouette III.
Kuberekwa kwakaoma
Muenzaniso une serial nhamba 001 uye nhamba yekunyoresa F-WOFH yakaita ndege yayo yekutanga paMarignane Airport musi wa7 Kubvumbi 1967. Vashandi vacho vaisanganisira ane mukurumbira mutyairi wendege Jean Boulet uye injiniya André Ganivet. Iyo prototype yaifambiswa ne2 kW (441 hp) Astazou IIN600 injini. MunaJune wegore rimwe chetero, akaita debut yake paInternational Air Show muLe Bourget. Chechipiri chechipiri chemuenzaniso (002, F-ZWRA) yakagamuchira fenestron vertical stabilizer yakakura uye T-shaped horizontal stabilizer uye yakaedzwa musi waApril 12, 1968. Zvinosuruvarisa, helikopta yakaratidza kuva isingadzoreki uye yakanga isinawo kugadzikana kwemaitiro panguva yekukurumidza kubhururuka kwemhepo. . Kubviswa kwezvikanganiso izvi kwakatora rinenge gore rose raitevera. Zvakazoitika kuti Fenestron inofanirwa, zvisinei, kushanda muzvikamu zvese zvekubhururuka, kugovera mhepo inoyerera ichitenderedza muswe. Nenguva isipi, iyo yakagadzirwazve prototype Nha. Tichifunga nezvemhedzisiro yekuedzwa kwezvikopokopo, iyo yakamira yakamira yakagadziridzwa uye muswe wakatwasuka wakaendeswa kumuswe wemuswe, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuvandudza zvakanyanya kugadzikana kwekutungamira. Nekudaro, iyo yakaomeswa rotor musoro, yakanakira iyo mana-bladed kumisikidzwa, yaiwanzoita kuzunguzika kwakanyanya mune matatu-bladed vhezheni. Kana ichipfuura 001 km / h panguva yekuyedzwa kwekumhanya kwakanyanya, rotor yakamisa. Kwakanga kuri bedzi nokuda kweruzivo rwake kuti mutyairi wendege akanzvenga ngwavaira. Kuedza kwakaitwa kugadzirisa izvi nekuwedzera kuoma kwemashizha, izvo, zvisinei, hazvina kuvandudza mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Mukutanga kwa210, sarudzo yakaitwa yekutora nhanho ine musoro kumashure nekutsiva iyo yakatsanangurwa rotor musoro nehafu-yakasimba dhizaini ine horizontal uye axial hinges uye isina vertical hinges. Iyo yakagadziridzwa huru rotor yakaiswa pane yakagadziridzwa yekutanga prototype 1969, uye pane yekutanga yekugadzira shanduro SA.001 No. 341 (F-ZWRH). Zvakazoitika kuti iyo nyowani, shoma-avant-garde warhead, pamwe chete neanochinjika anoumbwa mablades, haina kungovandudza zvakanyanya maitiro ekufambisa nekufambisa eherikoputa, asi zvakare yakaderedza kuzunguzika kweherikoputa. Kutanga, njodzi ye rotor jamming inoderedzwa.
Zvichakadaro, nyaya yekubatana kweFranco-British mundima yeindasitiri yekubhururuka nendege yakagadziriswa. Musi waApril 2, 1968, Sud Aviation yakasaina chibvumirano nekambani yeBritish Westland yekusimudzira pamwe nekugadzirwa kwemhando nhatu itsva dzezvikopokopo. Chikopokopo chepakati nepakati chaifanira kuiswa mukugadzira serial yeSA.330 Puma, chikopokopo chinofambiswa nendege chemauto emugungwa uye chikopokopo chinorwisa matangi chemauto - yeBritish Lynx, uye chikopokopo chine chinangwa chakasiyana-siyana - serial version. yeFrench project SA.340, iyo zita rakasarudzwa pamitauro yenyika mbiri Mhara. Mari yekugadzira yaifanira kutakurwa nemapato ese ari maviri muhafu.
Panguva imwecheteyo, sampuli dzemhando dzemotokari dzekugadzira dzakagadzirwa mumhando yeSA.341. Helicopters Nhamba 02 (F-ZWRL) uye Nhamba 04 (F-ZWRK) yakaramba iri muFrance. Nekudaro, nhamba 03, yakatanga kunyoreswa seF-ZWRI, yakatakurwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 1969 kuenda kuUK, uko yakashanda semhando yekugadzira yeGazelle AH Mk.1 shanduro yeBritish Army paWestland fekitori muYeovil. Yakapihwa serial nhamba XW 276 uye yakaita ndege yayo yekutanga muEngland musi wa28 Kubvumbi 1970.
