Active air defense yeWarsaw muna 1939

Active air defense yeWarsaw muna 1939. Warsaw, Vienna Railway Station nzvimbo (pakona yeMarszałkowska Street uye Jerusalem Alley). 7,92mm Browning wz. 30 pane anti-ndege base.

Munguva yehondo yekudzivirira yePoland, chikamu chakakosha chayo yaive hondo dzeWarsaw, dzakarwiwa kusvika Gunyana 27, 1939. Zvinoitwa panyika zvinotsanangurwa zvakadzama. Zvishoma zvinozivikanwa ihondo dzekudzivirira mhepo dzeguta rinoshanda, kunyanya anti-ndege artillery.

Kugadzirira kwekudzivirira kwemhepo kweguta guru kwakaitwa muna 1937. Vakabatanidzwa nekugadzwa kwaPresident weRepublic of Poland muna Chikumi 1936 yeState Air Defense Inspectorate inotungamirwa naMajor General V. Orlich-Drezer, uye mushure mekufa kwake kunorwadza musi waChikunguru 17, 1936, Brig. Dr. Jozef Zajonc. Yokupedzisira akatanga kushanda muna August 1936 pamusoro sangano mhepo kudzivirira nyika. Muna Kubvumbi 1937, nerubatsiro rweboka rakakura revashandi vemauto, masayendisiti uye vamiriri vehurumende yehurumende, pfungwa yekudzivirira kwemhepo yakagadziridzwa. Mhedzisiro yacho yaive yekugadzwa munyika, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kwenzvimbo gumi nenomwe dzezvekukosha kwemauto nehupfumi, dzaifanira kuchengetedzwa kubva kukurohwa nemhepo. Mumadhipatimendi ematunhu ezvitunha, hurongwa hwekutarisa nzvimbo yemhepo yakaumbwa. Imwe neimwe yenzvimbo iyi yaifanira kukomberedzwa nemaketani maviri ezviratidziro, imwe yaive 17 km kubva pakati, uye imwe 100 km. Nzvimbo imwe neimwe inofanira kunge iri munzvimbo dziri makiromita gumi kubva kune imwe neimwe - kuitira kuti zvose pamwe chete zvigadzire hurongwa humwe munyika. Zvinzvimbo izvi zvaive nemusanganiswa wakasanganiswa: waisanganisira mapurisa, vasina kutumwa mapurisa uye vakazvimirira venzvimbo inochengeterwa vasina kunyoreswa muchiuto, vashandi veposvo, vatori vechikamu mukudzidziswa kwechiuto, vanozvipira (mascouts, nhengo dze Union of Air and Gas Defense) , pamwe chete nevakadzi. Ivo vakashongedzerwa ne: runhare, mabhainokura uye kambasi. 60 mapoinzi akadai akarongwa munyika, uye nharembozha dzavo dzaive dzakabatana nenzvimbo yekutarisa yedunhu (pakati). Pakazosvika September 10, muchivakwa chePolish Post mumugwagwa. Poznanskaya muWarsaw. Iyo yakakura network yezvinyorwa yakapararira kuWarsaw - 800 platoons uye 1939 mapositi.

Chishandiso chakaiswa mumaseti efoni pazvitubu, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kutaurirana nepakati, kudzima nhaurirano dzese pamutsetse pakati peposvo netangi rekuona. Patangi rimwe nerimwe paive nevatungamiriri vaive nemauto evakuru vasina kutumwa uye varatidziriwo zvavo. Tangi iyi yaive nechinangwa chekugamuchira mishumo kubva kunzvimbo dzekutarisa, yambiro yenzvimbo dziri panjodzi yekusvibiswa, uye tangi huru yekutarisa. Chekupedzisira chinongedzo chaive chinhu chakakosha chekutonga chemukuru wenyika yekudzivirira mhepo uye chikamu chakakosha chemuzinda wake. Chimiro chese maererano nekuwanda kwaive kwakashata zvakanyanya kana zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika dzekuMadokero. Chimwe chinokanganisa ndechekuti akashandisa nharembozha uye network yenhare yenyika, izvo zvaive nyore kudurura panguva yekurwa - uye izvi zvakaitika nekukurumidza.

Basa rekusimbisa nyika yekudzivirira mhepo yakawedzera muna 1938 uye kunyanya muna 1939. Kutyisidzirwa kwekurwisa kweGermany paPoland kwakanga kwava kuitika. Mugore rehondo, 4 miriyoni chete mazlotys akagoverwa kuvandudza network yekuongorora. Makambani makuru ehurumende maindasitiri akarairwa kuti atenge nemari yavo platoon ye40-mm wz. 38 Bofors (inodhura PLN 350). Mafekitari aifanira kuva nevashandi, uye kudzidziswa kwavo kwaipiwa nemauto. Vashandi vechirimwa pamwe nevakuru venzvimbo dzavakange vapihwa vaive vasina kugadzirira kuchengetedza pfuti dzemazuva ano uye kurwisa ndege dzevavengi nekukurumidza uye kupfupisa makosi ekugadzirisa.

Muna March 1939, Brigadier General Dr. Józef Zajonc. Mumwedzi iwoyo, matanho akatorwa kuti awedzere kuvandudza mamiriro ehunyanzvi hwebasa rekutarisa. Air Defense Command yeguta reM. Troops. akakumbira kubva kuvakuru vezvitunha matunhu zvikumbiro kugadzirira itsva otomatiki runhare exchanges uye runhare seti, kuwedzera nhamba yakananga runhare mitsara, etc. 1 motokari) pamwe 13 kuona platoons, 75 nhare brigades uye 353 redhiyo mapoka (nguva dzose. zvinzvimbo: 14 N9S nhepfenyuro uye 19 RKD nhepfenyuro) .

Munguva kubva munaKurume 22 kusvika Kurume 25, 1939, vatyairi veIII / 1st Fighter Squadron vakapinda mumitambo yekudzivirira fenzi yeguta. Nekuda kweizvi, mapundu akaonekwa muhurongwa hwekutarisa kudzivirira kweguta. Zvakatonyanya kuipa, zvakazoitika kuti murwi wePZL-11 ainyanya kunonoka pavakada kubata mabhomba ekumhanya PZL-37 Łoś. Mukutaura kwekumhanya, yakanga yakakodzera kurwisana neFokker F. VII, Lublin R-XIII uye PZL-23 Karaś. Zviitwa zvakadzokororwa mumwedzi yakatevera. Mazhinji endege dzevavengi dzaibhururuka nekumhanya kwakafanana kana nekukurumidza kupfuura iyo PZL-37 Łoś.

Warsaw haina kuverengerwa muzvirongwa zvemirairo yekurwisa mashandiro pasi mu1939. Tichifunga nezvekukosha kwayo kwakakosha kune nyika - senzvimbo huru yesimba rehurumende, nzvimbo huru yeindasitiri uye nzvimbo yakakosha yekutaurirana - yaifanira kugadzirira kurwisa ndege dzevavengi. Iyo Warsaw njanji yenjanji ine njanji mbiri uye maviri mabhiriji emigwagwa mhiri kweVistula akawana kukosha kwehunyanzvi. Nekuda kwekugara kutaurirana, zvakakwanisika kukurumidza kutamisa mauto kubva kumabvazuva kwePoland kuenda kumadokero, kuendesa zvinhu kana kutamisa mauto.

Guta guru ndiro raiva guta guru pane vanhu uye nzvimbo munyika. Kusvikira September 1, 1939, 1,307 mamiriyoni 380 mamiriyoni evanhu vaigara mairi, kusanganisira vanenge 22 zviuru. vaJudha. Guta rakanga rakakura: kubva munaGunyana 1938, 14, rakatambanuka pamusoro pe148 mahekita (141 km²), iro chikamu chebhangi rekuruboshwe chaive mahekita 9179 (17 063 zvivakwa), uye bhangi rekurudyi - 4293 ​​8435 mahekita (676 63). zvivako), uye Vistula - anenge 50 ha. Nzvimbo yemiganhu yeguta yaive 14 km. Pakati penzvimbo yose, kunze kweVistula, inenge 5% yenzvimbo yacho yakavakwa; mumigwagwa ine cobbled uye masikweya, mumapaki, masikweya nemakuva - 1%; kunzvimbo dzenjanji - 30% uye kunzvimbo dzemvura - XNUMX%. Imwe yakasara, ie ingangoita XNUMX%, yakagarwa nenzvimbo isina kugadzirwa ine nzvimbo dzisina tara, migwagwa uye magadheni akazvimirira.

Kugadzirira Kudzivirira

Pamberi pekutanga kwehondo, nheyo dzekudzivirira kwemhepo yeguta guru dzakagadzirwa. Nekuraira kwemukuru wedziviriro yemhepo yeWarsaw Center, boka rezvidziviriro zvinoshanda, kuzvidzivirira uye tangi yekucherekedza ine nzvimbo yechiratidzo yaive pasi pekutonga. Chikamu chekutanga chaisanganisira: ndege dzehondo, zvombo zvekurwisa ndege, pfuti dzemuchina wekurwisa ndege, mabharumu anodzivirira, magetsi ekutsvaga anorwisa ndege. Nekune rumwe rutivi, kuzvidzivirira kwakarongeka kwakarongwa pane-mugari wega wega pasi pehutungamiriri hwehurumende nevemunharaunda, pamwe chete nevanodzima moto, mapurisa, uye zvipatara.

Kudzokera kune kushingaira kudzivirira kwechipingamupinyi, ndege yacho yaisanganisira Pursuit Brigade yakanyatsogadzirirwa basa iri. Dzimbahwe rake rakaumbwa nehurongwa hwekuunganidza mangwanani emusi waNyamavhuvhu 24, 1939. Muchirimo cha1937, pfungwa yakazvarwa kugadzira boka rekuvhima rakakosha kudzivirira guta guru, iro rakazonzi Pursuit Brigade. Yakanga iri iyo iyo Chief Inspector weArmed Forces akaraira kuumbwa kwePTS Boka reKudzora Aviation yeSupreme High Command nebasa rekudzivirira guta guru. Zvino kwaifungidzirwa kuti yaizobva kumabvazuva. Boka racho rakapihwa maviri eWarsaw fighter squadrons ye 1st air regiment - III / 1 uye IV / 1. Muchiitiko chehondo, mapoka maviri emauto (dions) aifanira kushanda kubva kunhandare dzendege pedyo neguta. Nzvimbo mbiri dzakasarudzwa: muZielonka, panguva iyoyo guta rakanga riri 10 km kumabvazuva kweguta guru, uye mupurazi reObora, 15 km kumaodzanyemba kweguta. Nzvimbo yekupedzisira yakashandurwa kuita Pomiechowek, uye nhasi ndiyo nharaunda yeWieliszew commune.

Mushure mekuzivisa kwekukurumidzira kuunganidza musi waAugust 24, 1939, mahofisi makuru e brigade akagadzirwa, anosanganisira: mutungamiri - lieutenant colonel. Stefan Pawlikovsky (mukuru we 1st air regiment), mutevedzeri wemukuru wemauto. Leopold Pamula, Chief of Staff - Major Dipl. akanwa. Eugeniusz Wyrwicki, tactical officer - kaputeni. dipl. akanwa. Stefan Lashkevich, mukuru webasa rinokosha - kaputeni. akanwa. Stefan Kolodynski, technical officer, 1st lieutenant. tech. Franciszek Centar, mukuru wezvekutengesa Capt. akanwa. Tadeusz Grzymilas, mukuru wedzimbahwe - cap. akanwa. Julian Plodovsky, mubatsiri - lieutenant pasi. Zbigniew Kustrzynski. The 5th anti-aircraft radio intelligence kambani pasi pemurairo waKapiteni V. General Tadeusz Legeżyński (1 N3 / S uye 1 N2L / L zviteshi zveredhiyo) uye kambani yekudzivirira ndege yemhepo (8 platoons) - 650 Hotchkiss-mhando inorema pfuti ( mukuru Lieutenant Anthony Yazvetsky). Mushure mokuunganidza, brigade yaisanganisira varwi vanenge 65, kusanganisira 54 mapurisa. Yakanga ine varwi vatatu, 3 RWD-8 ndege (yekutaurirana platoon No. 1) uye 83 vatyairi. Zvikwata zviviri izvi zvakaburitsa makiyi ebasa rendege mbiri, dzanga dziri pabasa mumahangars muOkents kubva Nyamavhuvhu 24. Mapepa emasoja akatorwa uye akarambidzwa kubuda panhandare yendege. Vatyairi vezvikepe vakanga vakagadzirirwa zvakakwana: zvipfeko zveganda, bhutsu dzemvere uye magirovhosi, pamwe nemamepu enharaunda dzeWarsaw pachiyero che1: 300 000. Zvikwata zvina zvakabhururuka kubva kuOkentse kuenda kunhandare dzendege musi waAugust 29 pamaawa e18.

Iyo brigade yaive nemapoka maviri eiyo 1st air regiment: III / 1, yaive muZielonka padhuze neWarsaw (mukuru, kaputeni Zdzislaw Krasnodenbsky: 111th uye 112th fighter squadrons) uye IV / 1, iyo yakaenda kuPoniatow pedyo neJablonna (mukuru mukuru Pilot. Adam Kowalczyk: 113th uye 114th EM). Kana iri nhandare yendege muPoniatów, yaive muna Count Zdzisław Groholski, munzvimbo inozivikanwa nevagari sePyzhovy Kesh.

Zvikwata zvina zvaiva nevarwi 44 vaishanda PZL-11a neC. III/1 Squadron yakanga ine 21 uye IV/1 Dyon yakanga ine 23. Mamwe aiva neredhiyo inofambiswa nemhepo. Mune mamwe, kunze kwemaviri anoenderana 7,92 mm wz. 33 maPVU ane mazana mashanu emabara epfuti papfuti akaiswa kwemamwe makiromita maviri mumapapiro emaraundi mazana matatu rimwe nerimwe.

Kusvikira 1 Gunyana nguva dza6:10 123. EM kubva III/2 Dyon kubva ku10 PZL P.7a akamhara muPoniatów. Kuti asimbise brigade, vatyairi ve2nd Aviation Regiment kubva kuKrakow vakarayirwa kuti vabhururuke kuOkentse muWarsaw muna Nyamavhuvhu 31. Ipapo, mumangwanani-ngwanani aSeptember 1, vakakwira ndege kuenda kuPoniatow.

Iyo brigade haina kusanganisira zvikamu zvakakosha pabasa rayo munguva yehondo: kambani yenhandare yendege, koramu yekutakura uye nhare dzendege. Izvi zvakaderedza zvakanyanya kuchengetedza kwekugona kwayo kurwa, kusanganisira kugadziriswa kwemidziyo mumunda uye maneuverability.

Maererano nezvirongwa, brigade yekutambudzwa yakaiswa pasi pemurairo weColonel V. Art. Kazimierz Baran (1890-1974). Mushure menhaurirano, Colonel Pawlikovsky nemukuru wekudzivirira mhepo weWarsaw Center uye Headquarters yeAir Force Commander-in-Chief, zvakabvumiranwa kuti brigade yaizoshanda yakazvimirira munzvimbo iri kunze kwenzvimbo yekudzivirira yeWarsaw Center. .

The Air Defense of Warsaw yaisanganisira murairo weWarsaw Air Defence Center, inotungamirirwa naColonel Kazimierz Baran (mukuru weboka revarwi vehondo munguva yerunyararo, mukuru we1st anti-aircraft artillery regiment yeMarshal Eduard Rydz-Smigly muWarsaw 1936-1939); Mutevedzeri Mukuru weAir Defence Forces for Active Air Defense - Lieutenant Colonel Franciszek Joras; Mukuru weVashandi Major Dipl. Anthony Mordasevich; mubatsiri - kaputeni. Jakub Chmielewski; mubatsiri mukuru - capt. Konstantin Adamsky; zvinhu mukuru - Kaputeni Jan Dzyalak nevashandi, timu yekutaurirana, vatyairi, vatakuri - vanenge makumi mashanu vakazvimirira vese.

Kuunganidzwa kwemauto ekudzivirira kwemhepo kwakaziviswa husiku hwaNyamavhuvhu 23-24, 1939. Webhusaiti yemahofisi makuru ekudzivirira mweya. MuWarsaw, pakanga paine imba yekurara mubhangi reHandlowy mumugwagwa. Mazowiecka 16 muWarsaw. Akatanga basa pakupera kwaNyamavhuvhu 1939 uye akashanda ikoko kusvika 25 Gunyana. Zvino, kusvika pakukanda mapfumo pasi, akange ari mubhedhuru reWarsaw Defence Command mumugwagwa. Marshalkovskaya muchivakwa cheOPM.

Musi waNyamavhuvhu 31, 1939, hurongwa hwekukurumidzira hwakapihwa kune anti-ndege artillery. Nokudaro, mauto e-anti-aircraft artillery edziviriro yemhepo yenyika akaiswa panzvimbo dzemaindasitiri makuru, kutaurirana, mauto uye ekutonga. Nhamba huru yemayuniti yakaiswa mukati meguta guru. Mauto akasara akagoverwa kumabhizimisi makuru emabhizimisi uye mabhesi emhepo.

Zvina 75-mm anti-ndege pfuti dzakatumirwa kuWarsaw (fekitari: 11, 101, 102, 103), shanu dzakaparadzana semi-chisingaperi 75-mm artillery mabhatiri (fekitari: 101, 102, 103, 156., 157.), 1 75 mm anti-ndege artillery tirakita bhatiri. Kune izvi zvakawedzerwa 13-pfuti mbiri semi-stationary anti-ndege artillery platoons - platoons: 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110.), matatu "fekitari" platoons (PZKł) 1, PZL No. 2 inoratidzwa uye Polskie Zakłady Optical) uye imwezve chirongwa che "aviation" Nhamba 181. Iyo yekupedzisira haina kuteerera mukuru mukuru. Baran uye akafukidza nzvimbo yemhepo No. 1 yeOkentse airport. Kana iri Airbase No. 1 kuOkęcie, kuwedzera kune maBofors maviri, yakadzivirirwa ne12 Hotchkiss heavy machine pfuti uye zvichida akati wandei 13,2 mm wz. 30 Hotchkisses (zvichida shanu?).

Kana ari mabhatiri e-anti-ndege, chikamu chikuru chemauto chaive muWarsaw: 10 semi-permanent mabhatiri wz. 97 uye wz. 97/25 (40 75 mm pfuti), 1 trailed bhatiri (2 75 mm pfuti wz. 97/17), 1 mota zuva (3 motor mabhatiri - 12 75 mm pfuti wz. 36St), 5 semi-permanent mabhatiri (20 75 mm wz.37St pfuti). Huwandu hwemabhatiri gumi nemapfumbamwe e19-mm pfuti dzemagadzirirwo akasiyana, huwandu hwe75 pfuti. Guta guru rakadzivirirwa neakawanda azvino 74mm wz. 75St uye wz. 36St kubva kuStarachowice - 37 kubva pa32 yakagadzirwa. Haasi ese mabhatiri ane 44-mm pfuti dzemazuva ano dzakagamuchira midziyo yepakati, iyo yakaganhurira zvakanyanya kugona kwavo kurwa. Hondo isati yatanga, masere chete emakamera aya akaunzwa. Panyaya yechigadzirwa ichi, yaive A wz. 75 PZO-Lev system, yaive nezvikamu zvitatu zvikuru:

a) Stereoscopic rangefinder ine hwaro hwemamita matatu (gare gare ine hwaro hwe3 m uye magnification e4 nguva), altimeter uye speedometer. Kutenda kwavari, huwandu hwechinangwa chakacherechedzwa hwakayerwa, pamwe nehupamhi, kukurumidza uye nzira yekubhururuka maererano nenzvimbo yebhatiri yepfuti dzinorwisa ndege.

b) Calculator yakashandura iyo data kubva kune rangefinder unit (ichifunga nezve zvigadziriso zvakaitwa nemutungamiriri webhatiri) kuita maparamendi ekupfura pfuti yega yega yebhatiri, i.e. horizontal angle (azimuth), kukwidziridzwa kwekona yebhoti yepfuti uye kureba iyo fuse inofanira kuiswa kuitira projectile ichidzingwa - iyo inonzi. detachment.

c) Electrical system pasi peDC voltage (4 V). Akaendesa kune matatu anogashira akaiswa pane imwe neimwe yepfuti maparamita ekupfura akagadzirwa neiyo shanduko unit.

Yese yepakati midziyo yakavigwa mumabhokisi matanhatu akakosha panguva yekufambisa. Chikwata chakanyatsodzidziswa chaive nemaminitsi makumi matatu ekuchivandudza, i.e. kuchinja kubva pakufamba kuenda kunzvimbo yekurwa.

Mudziyo wacho waidzorwa nevarwi 15, vashanu vavo vakanga vari muchikwata chevatambi, vamwe vashanu muboka rekuverenga, uye vashanu vokupedzisira vakadzora vagamuchiri vakagadzikwa papfuti. Basa revarindiri pavaigamuchira raiva rekuona zviratidzo zvekurerekera pasina kutora kuverenga uye kuyerwa. Nguva yemaindicators yaireva kuti pfuti yakanga yagadzirira kupfura. Chigadzirwa chacho chakashanda nemazvo apo chinangwa chakaonekwa chakanga chiri chinhambwe che 2000 m kusvika 11000 m, pahupamhi hwe 800 m kusvika 8000 m uye inofamba nekumhanya kwe 15 kusvika 110 m / s, uye nguva yekubhururuka yeprojekti yakanga isina. anopfuura 35 masekondi Kunyangwe zvirinani kupfura mhedzisiro, marudzi manomwe ekugadzirisa anogona kuitwa kune Calculator. Vakabvumira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kufunga nezve: kuitika kwemhepo munzira yekubhururuka yepurojekiti, kufamba kwechinangwa panguva yekutakura uye kubhururuka, chinhambwe chiri pakati pemidziyo yepakati uye chinzvimbo chebhatiri reArtillery, saka -danwa. parallax.

Iyo yekutanga kamera yeiyi nhevedzano yakagadzirwa zvachose nekambani yeFrance Optique et Precision de Levallois. Zvadaro wechipiri, wechitatu uye wechina makopi akaitwa chikamu paOptique et Precision de Levallois (rangefinder uye zvikamu zvose zvekarukureta) uye chikamu paPolish Optical Factory SA (gungano repakati pekushandisa uye kugadzirwa kwevose vanogamuchira pfuti). Mune mamwe ese Optique et Precision de Levallois makamera, chete rangefinders uye aluminium castings yemakomputa unit kesi akabva kuFrance. Basa rekuvandudza midziyo yepakati rakaenderera mberi nguva dzose. Kopi yekutanga yemhando nyowani ine rangefinder ine hwaro hwemamita mashanu yakarongwa kuti iunzwe kuPolskie Zakłady Optyczne SA naKurume 5, 1.

Pamusoro pebhatiri re75 mm, pakanga paine 14 semi-permanent platoons ine 40 mm wz. 38 "Bofors": 10 mauto, matatu "fekitari" uye imwe "mhepo", inokwana 28 40-mm pfuti. Colonel Baran akabva atumira mauto mashanu kuti adzivirire zvivakwa kunze kweguta guru:

a) paPalmyra - matura ezvombo, bazi reMain Armament Depot Nhamba 1 - 4 pfuti;

b) muna Rembertov - pfuti fekitari

- 2 mabasa;

c) ku Łowicz - kutenderedza guta uye zviteshi zvechitima

- 2 mabasa;

d) kuGura Kalwaria - kutenderedza bhiriji pamusoro peVistula - 2 inoshanda.

Zvipfumbamwe zvakasara muguta guru, kusanganisira matatu "fekitari" uye imwe "mhepo".

Panyaya yezvikwata gumi zvakaunganidzwa mu10 Regiment, ivo vakaumbwa mumabharaki muBernerow pa1-27 Nyamavhuvhu. Zvikamu zvakavandudzwa zvakaumbwa kubva kune zvakasara zvekuunganidza, kunyanya kubva kune vega uye mareserve officer. Vechidiki, maofficial officer akaendeswa kumabhatiri emapoka evacheche (rudzi A - 29 pfuti) kana varwi vemabhiza (rudzi B - 4 pfuti). Chiyero chekudzidziswa kwevareservist chaive chakaderera pane chevashandi vehunyanzvi, uye vatariri vekuchengetedza vaisaziva Warsaw nenzvimbo yakatenderedza. Maplatoons ese akaendeswa kunzvimbo dzekupfura.

kusvika Nyamavhuvhu 30.

MuAir Defense Directorate yeWarsaw Center maive nevakuru ve6, vakazvimirira makumi mashanu, mumhepo yekudzivirira mabhatiri 50 mapurisa uye 103 vakazvimirira, mune 2950 mapurisa uye 109 zvakavanzika. Nokuda kwekudzivirira kunoshanda kwedenga pamusoro peWarsaw musi waGunyana 3000, 1, pfuti makumi manomwe neshanu dze1939 mm caliber uye pfuti gumi nesere dze74 mm caliber wz. 75 Bofors, pfuti 18 pamwe chete. Panguva imwe cheteyo, maviri emakambani mashanu akaronga pfuti dzerudzi rwe“B” dzaigona kushandiswa kurwa (mapato mana epfuti ina, pfuti dzinorema makumi matatu nembiri, gumi. maofficial uye 40 privates, vasina mota); makambani matatu akasara emhando A (ane ngoro dzinodhonzwa nebhiza) akatumirwa nemukuru wendege uye kudzivirira kwemhepo kunovhara dzimwe nzvimbo. Mukuwedzera, pakanga pane makambani matatu emagetsi ekutsvaga ndege: makambani e38, 92, 4, anosanganisira 4 mapurisa uye 32 privates. Huwandu hwemaplatoon gumi ane 10 Maison Bréguet uye Sautter-Harlé mwenje, pamwe neshanu mabharuru makambani evakuru gumi, mazana mana akanyoresa uye makumi mashanu mabharumu.

Pakazosvika Nyamavhuvhu 31, 75 mm anti-ndege artillery yakaiswa mumapoka mana:

1. “Vostok” - 103rd semi-permanent artillery squadron yechikamu (commander Major Mieczysław Zilber; 4 pfuti wz. 97 uye pfuti gumi nembiri dze12 mm wz. 75/97 caliber) uye 25rd semi-permanent bhatiri yeDivision type I (ona Kędzierski - 103 4 mm pfuti wz.37St.

2. "North": 101st semi-permanent artillery squadron Plot (mutungamiriri Major Michal Khrol-Frolovich, squadron mabhatiri uye mukuru: 104. - Lieutenant Leon Svyatopelk-Mirsky, 105 - Captain Cheslav Maria Geraltovsky, 106 Anthony Anthony. — 12 wz. 97/25 caliber 75 mm); 101. Semi-permanent artillery bhatiri Chikamu chemhando I (mukuru Lieutenant Vincenty Dombrovsky; 4 pfuti wz. 37St, caliber 75 mm).

3. "Maodzanyemba" - 102nd semi-permanent artillery squadron Plot (mutungamiri Major Roman Nemchinsky, vatungamiri vebhatiri: 107th - reserve lieutenant Edmund Scholz, 108th - lieutenant Vaclav Kaminsky, 109th - lieutenant Jerzy 12 guns 97; 25 mm), 75. Semi-permanent artillery bhatiri Ruwa rudzi I (mukuru wemauto Vladislav Shpiganovich; 102 pfuti wz. 4St, caliber 37 mm).

4. "Medium" - chikwata che11 chemotokari chekudzivirira ndege, chakasimbiswa ne156th uye 157th type I semi-permanent artillery mabhatiri (imwe neimwe iine 4 37-mm pfuti wz. 75St).

Mukuwedzera, 1st District Artillery uye Tractor Battery yakatumirwa kuSekerki (mukuru - Lieutenant Zygmunt Adessman; 2 cannons 75 mm wz. 97/17), uye semi-chisingaperi "mhepo" platoon akadzivirira Okentse airfield Okentse - observatory kaputeni Miroslav. Prodan, mutungamiriri weplatoon of air base No. 1, pilot-lieutenant Alfred Belina-Grodsky - 2 40-mm pfuti

wz. 38 Bofors).

Mazhinji e75 mm epakati-caliber artillery (mabhatiri gumi) aive nemidziyo kubva muHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Hapana chiyero kana midziyo yekuyera yaigona kusvika kana kurekodha kumhanya kwendege yeGerman, iyo yaibhururuka zvakanyanya uye nekukurumidza. Midziyo yekuyeresa mumabhatiri ane pfuti dzekare dzeFrance inogona kubudirira kupfura ndege inobhururuka nekumhanya kusvika ku10 km / h.

Semi-permanent anti-aircraft artillery platoons imwe neimwe ine 2 cannon dze40 mm wz. 38 "Bofors" yakaiswa munzvimbo dzakakosha dzeguta: mabhiriji, mafekitori uye airport. Nhamba yezvikwata: 105th (lieutenant / lieutenant / Stanislav Dmukhovsky), 106th (mugari lieutenant Witold M. Pyasetsky), 107th (captain Zygmunt Jezersky), 108th (cadet mukuru Nikolai Dunin-Martsinkevich-Martsinkevich. S. Pyasecki) uye "fekitari" Polish Mortgages of Optics (mukuru NN), maviri "fekitari" platoons: PZL "Motniki" (yakaunganidzwa nePolish Plants of Lotnichny Conclusions Motnikov Nr 109 muWarsaw, mutungamiriri - akarega kaputeni Jakub Jan Hruby) PZL “Płatowce” (yakabatanidzwa Polskie Zakłady Lotnicze Wytwórnia Płatowców No. 1 muWarsaw, mutungamiriri - N.N.).

Panyaya yeBofors, wz. 36, uye semi-chisingaperi kurwa, "fekitari" uye "mhepo" mauto akagamuchira wz. 38. Musiyano mukuru waiva wokuti yekutanga yakanga ine ekisero kaviri, nepo yekupedzisira ine ekisero imwe. Mavhiri ekupedzisira, mushure mekutamiswa kwepfuti kubva pakufamba kuenda kuhondo, akadimburwa uye akamira pachigadziko chetatu-keel. Semi-solid platoons yakanga isina yavo yekudhonza mota, asi pfuti dzawo dzaigona kusungirirwa kune tug dzoenda kune imwe nzvimbo.

Uyezve, hadzisi pfuti dzese dzeBofors dzaive neK.3 rangefinders ine hwaro hwe 1,5 m (dzakayera chinhambwe kuenda kune chinangwa). Hondo isati yatanga, vangangosvika zana nemakumi mana vakatengwa muFrance uye vakagadzirwa pasi perezinesi rePZO pa140 zlotys imwe neimwe ye9000 anti-ndege pfuti. Hapana mumwe wavo akagamuchira speedometer, iyo "vasina kuwana nguva" yekutenga hondo isati yasvika 500 zlotys, nokuda kwechimwe chezvikonzero zvekusarudza kwenguva refu kwakatora kubva muchirimo 5000 kusvika April 1937. Uyewo, sipidhimita, iyo yakayera kumhanya uye kufamba kwendege, yakabvumira Bofors kuitisa moto chaiwo.

Kushaikwa kwemichina yemhando yepamusoro kwakaderedza zvikuru kushanda kwepfuti. Kupfura pane kunonzi kuvhima kwemaziso, izvo zvakasimudzira "zvinhu zvakakosha" mukurwisa ndege munguva yerunyararo, zvaive zvakanaka kupfura madhadha, uye kwete kune imwe ndege yemuvengi inofamba ichimhanya inosvika 100 m / s kure. anosvika 4 km - munda unoshanda Bofors kukundwa. Hadzisi dzese pfuti dzemazuva ano dzekurwisa ndege dzine kana imwe chaiyo yekuyeresa michina.

Pursuit brigade muhondo dzeWarsaw

Germany yakavhozhokera Poland musi waSeptember 1, 1939, mangwanani-ngwanani na4:45 mangwanani. Chinangwa chikuru cheLuftwaffe chaive chekubhururuka mukutsigira Wehrmacht uye kuparadza ndege yemauto ePoland uye kukunda kwehukuru hwemhepo hwakabatana neizvi. Chimwe chezvainyanya kukosheswa nendege mumazuva ekutanga yaive nhandare dzendege nemabhesi emhepo.

Mashoko pamusoro pokutanga kwehondo akasvika kudzimbahwe reboka rechitambudzo pa5:00 mangwanani nokuda kwomushumo wakabva kukamba yemapurisa yehurumende muSuwałki. Yambiro yekurwisa yaziviswa. Nenguva isipi redhiyo yeWarsaw yakazivisa kutanga kwehondo. Vacherechedzi vemanetiweki vakashuma kuvapo kwendege dzekunze dziri kubhururuka nenzira dzakasiyana munzvimbo dzakakwirira. Kapu yemapurisa yokuMława yakatumira nhau pamusoro pendege dzaibhururuka dzichienda kuWarsaw. Mukuru wemauto akapa murairo wekuti madhion maviri apinzwe pakarepo. Mangwanani, nguva dza7:50, 21 PZL-11s kubva kuIII/1 kubva ku22 PZL-11 uye 3 PZL-7s kubva kuIV/XNUMX Dyon yakasimuka.

Ndege dzevavengi dzakabhururuka pamusoro peguta guru kubva kuchamhembe. MaPole akafungidzira nhamba yavo pa80 Heinkel He 111 uye Dornier Do 17 mabhomba uye 20 Messerschmitt Me varwi 110. Munharaunda iri pakati peWarsaw, Jablona, ​​Zegrze neRadzymin, hondo dzemhepo dzinenge 8 dzakarwiwa panzvimbo yakakwirira ye00-2000. m: 3000 mangwanani, zvishoma kuumbwa kwezvikwata zvitatu zvebhomba - 35 He 111 kubva kuII (K) / LG 1 muvharo ye 24 Me 110 kubva kuI (Z) / LG 1. Zvikwata zvebhomba zvakatanga na7:25 mukati nguva dzemaminiti e5. Paive nehondo dzemumhepo dzakawanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana. MaPole akakwanisa kubata mafomu akati wandei akadzoka kubva pakurwiswa. Vatyairi vendege vePoland vakashuma 6 ndege dzakadonha, asi kukunda kwavo kwakawedzeredzwa. Kutaura zvazviri, vakakwanisa kugogodza uye zvichida kuparadza He 111 z 5. (K) / LG 1, iyo yakanga ichibhomba paOkentse. Vashandi vake vakaita chimbichimbi "dumbu" pedyo nemusha weMeshki-Kuligi. Panguva yekumhara, ndege yakaputsika (vashandi vatatu vakapona, mumwe akakuvara akafa). Uku ndiko kwaiva kukunda kwekutanga mukudzivirira guta guru. Vatyairi vendege kubva kuIV/1 Dyon vari kumurwira seboka. Pamusoro pezvo, yechipiri He 111 kubva kuchikwata chimwe chete yakamhara padumbu paine injini yakamiswa panhandare yayo yendege muPounden. Nekuda kwekukuvara kwakanyanya kwakabviswa kubva kuhurumende. Mukuwedzera, He 111s kubva ku6.(K)/LG 1, iyo yakarwisa Skierniewice uye zambuko renjanji pedyo nePiaseczno, rakadhumhana nevarwi vekuPoland. Imwe yemabhomba (code L1 + CP) yakakuvadzwa zvakaipisisa. Anogona kunge akabatwa nemutungamiriri wechi50. Witold Lokuchevsky. Akaita chimbichimbi kumhara paShippenbeil aine 114% kukuvara uye nhengo yevashandi yakafa nemaronda ake. Pamusoro pekurasikirwa uku, mamwe mabhomba maviri akakuvadzwa zvishoma. Vashandi vebhomba uye vanoperekedza vakakwanisa kupfura 114th lieutenant. Stanisław Shmeila weEM 110, uyo akadonhera pedyo neWyszków ndokurovera motokari yake. Wechipiri akakuvara aive Senior Lieutenant Bolesław Olevinsky weEM 1, akaparachura pedyo neZegrze (akapfurwa neMe 1 pa111. (Z)/LG 11) uye 110th Lieutenant. Jerzy Palusinski kubva ku1 EM, ane PZL-25a akamanikidzwa kumhara pedyo nemusha weNadymna. Palusinski akarwisa uye akandikuvadza Me XNUMX Chivabvu pakutanga. Grabmann ane I(Z)/LG XNUMX (akange aine XNUMX% kukuvara).

Pasinei nekuvimbika kwePoles kune vashandi veGermany vanoshanda zvikwata nemakiyi, vakakwanisa kupfuura guta pasina matambudziko pakati pe7:25 ne10:40. Maererano nemishumo yePolish, mabhomba akawira pa: Kertselego Square, Grochow, Sadyba Ofitserska (9 mabhomba), Powazki - sanitary battalion, Golendzinov. Vakaurayiwa uye vakakuvadzwa. Mukuwedzera, ndege dzeGermany dzakadonhedza mabhomba mashanu-5 paGrodzisk Mazowiecki, uye mabhomba makumi matatu akawira paBlonie. Dzimba dzinoverengeka dzakaparadzwa.

Pakati pemasikati, patrol yechina PZL-11s kubva ku112.EM yakabatwa nekuzivikanwa Dornier Do 17P 4. (F) / 121 pamusoro peWilnów. Mutyairi wendege Stefan Oksheja akamupfura ari pedyo, pakava nekuputika, uye boka rose revavengi rakaurayiwa.

Mumasikati, boka guru rendege rakaonekwa pamusoro peguta guru. MaGerman akatumira kuumbwa kwemotokari dzinopfuura mazana maviri nemakumi matatu kunorwisa mauto. Iye 230Hs uye Ps akatumirwa kubva kuKG 111 uye kubva kuII(K)/LG 27 ine dive Junkers Ju 1Bs kubva kuI/StG 87 muvharo yeanosvika makumi matatu Messerschmitt Me 1Ds kubva kuI/JG 30 (mapoka matatu) uye Me 109s kubva kuI. ( Z)/LG 21 uye I/ZG 110 (1 Me 1B uye C). Armada yaive ne22 He 110s, 123 Ju 111s uye 30-87 varwi.

Nekuda kwekukuvara muhondo yemangwanani, varwi makumi matatu vekuPoland vakasimudzwa mumhepo, uye muparadzi wechi30 akabhururuka achienda kuhondo. Yake 152 PZL-6a uye C yakapindawo muhondo. Semangwanani, vatyairi vendege vePoland havana kukwanisa kumisa maGerman, akadonhedza mabhomba pane zvavaivavarira. Paive nehondo dzakatevedzana uye vatyairi vendege vekuPoland vakarasikirwa zvakanyanya mushure mekurwiswa kwebhomba.

Pazuva rekutanga rehondo, vatyairi vechikwata chekutsvaga vakabhururuka kanenge makumi masere uye vakakunda gumi nemana vakakunda. Muchokwadi, vakakwanisa kuparadza kubva kune ina kusvika kune manomwe vavengi ndege uye kukuvadza akati wandei. Vakarasikirwa zvikuru - vakarasikirwa nevarwi gumi nevatatu, uye gumi nevaviri vakakuvadzwa. Mumwe mutyairi wendege akaurayiwa, vasere vakakuvadzwa, mumwe wavo akazofa. Mukuwedzera, imwe PZL-80c yakarasikirwa nezvikamu 14. EM uye junior lieutenant. Anatoly Piotrovsky akafa pedyo neKhoszczówka. Manheru emusi waSeptember 13, varwi 11 chete ndivo vakanga vagadzirira kurwa, manheru ezuva raitevera chete nhamba yevarwi vaigona kushanda yakawedzera kusvika ku152; kwakanga kusina kurwa zuva rose. Pazuva rekutanga, Warsaw anti-ndege artillery haina kubudirira.

Zvinoenderana nepfupiso yekushanda yedhipatimendi rekuchengetedza reHigh Command yeMinitary Affairs Military Affairs. Musi waGunyana 1, na17:30, mabhomba akawira paBabice, Wawrzyszew, Sekerki (mabhomba anopisa), Grochow naOkecie padyo neWarsaw Center, pamwe nepafekitori yehull - mumwe akafa uye akati wandei akakuvadzwa.

Zvisinei, maererano ne "Ruzivo rweMutungamiriri weAir Defence Forces pamusoro peMigumisiro yeGermany Bombardments musi waSeptember 1 uye 2, 1939" yaSeptember 3, Warsaw yakarwiswa katatu pazuva rekutanga rehondo: na7:00, 9:20 na17:30. Mabhomba aiputika zvikuru (500, 250 uye 50 kg) akakandwa paguta. Inenge 30% yekuputika kusina kuputika kwakadonhedzwa, 5 kg yemabhomba e-thermite-incendiary akadonhedzwa. Vakarwisa kubva pakakwirira kupfuura 3000 m, mukusagadzikana. Pakati peguta kubva kurutivi rwePrague, zambuko reKerbedsky rakaputika. Zvinhu zvakakosha zvakabhombwa katatu - ne500- uye 250-kilogiramu mabhomba - PZL Okęcie (1 akaurayiwa, 5 akakuvadzwa) nemasango: Babice, Vavshiszew, Sekerki, Czerniakow uye Grochow - ane mabhomba anopisa akakonzera moto madiki. Somugumisiro wekuputika, pakanga pane zvinhu zvisingakoshi uye kurasikirwa kwevanhu: 19 vakaurayiwa, 68 vakakuvadzwa, kusanganisira 75% yevanhu. Mukuwedzera, maguta anotevera akarwiswa: Wilanow, Wlochy, Pruszkow, Wulka, Brwinow, Grodzisk-Mazowiecki, Blonie, Jaktorov, Radzymin, Otwock, Rembertov nemamwe.

Mumazuva akatevera, vabhomba vevavengi vakadzokazve. Pakave nekurwa kutsva. Varwi vechikwata chekudzingirira vaigona kuita zvishoma. Kurasikirwa kwakakwira kumativi ese, asi kudivi rePoland kwaive kwakakura uye kurema. Mumunda, midziyo yakakuvadzwa yaisagona kugadzirwa, uye ndege yakamhara nechimbichimbi munguva yechimbichimbi yaisagona kudhonzwa ndokudzorerwa kubasa.

Musi waGunyana 6, kubudirira kwakawanda uye kukundwa kwakanyorwa. Mangwanani, mushure me5:00, 29 Ju 87 dive bombers kubva kuIV (St) / LG 1, inoperekedzwa neMe 110 kubva kuI / ZG 1, yakarwisa yadhi yekushambadzira muWarsaw ndokubhururuka kuenda kuguta guru kubva kumadokero. Pamusoro peWlochy (guta riri pedyo neWarsaw), ndege idzi dzakabatwa nevarwi kubva kuchikwata chekutsvaga. Aviators kubva IV/1 Dyon akabata Me 110. Vakakwanisa kuparadza Maj ndege. Hammes, akafa, uye pfuti yake Ofw. Steffen akabatwa. Mupfuri anga akuvara zvishoma akaendeswa kuDion Airport III/1 muZaborov. Motokari yeGermany yakamhara padumbu pedyo nemusha weVoytseshyn. VaPole havana kurasikirwa muhondo.

Pakati pemasikati, 25 Ju 87s kubva kuIV (St)/LG 1 (kurwiswa 11:40-13:50) uye 20 Ju 87s kubva I/StG 1 (kurwa 11:45-13:06) yakaonekwa pamusoro peWarsaw. . . . Kuumbwa kwekutanga kwakarwisa zambuko kuchamhembe kweguta guru, uye yechipiri - bhiriji renjanji kumaodzanyemba kweguta (zvichida Srednikovy Bridge (?) Inenge gumi nemaviri PZL-11 uye akati wandei PZL-7as inotungamirwa na Kaputeni Kowalczyk akabhururukira kuhondo. MaPole akatadza kubata mumwechete muchimiro chimwe chete, maGerman kubva kuI/StG 1 akashuma kuonekwa kwevarwi vega, asi pakanga pasina kurwa.

Ndichiri kubhururuka IV/1 Dyon kuenda kunhandare yendege kuRadzikovo musi waGunyana 6 kana masikati ezuva rimwe chetero, mahofisi makuru evatekisheni akarairwa kuti atsvaire mukona yeKolo-Konin-Lovich. Izvi zvakaitika semugumisiro wechibvumirano chemangwanani pakati pemurairo weAir Force "Poznan" uye murairo wendege. Colonel Pavlikovsky akatumira mauto e18th brigade kunzvimbo iyi (nguva yekubhururuka 14: 30-16: 00). Uku kucheneswa kwaifanira kupa "kufema" kumauto e "Poznan" hondo, kudzokera kuKutno. Pakazara, kune gumi nemashanu PZL-11s kubva kuIV / 1 Dyon kubva kunhandare yendege muRadzikov pasi pekuraira kwaCaptain V. Kovalchik uye 15 PZL-3s kubva kuIII / 11 Dyon kubva kunhandare yendege muZaborov, yaive makiromita mashoma kubva. Radzikov. Aya mauto aifanira kunge aine maumbirwo maviri achibhururuka pedyo nemumwe (1 uye matanhatu PZL-12). Nekuda kweizvi, zvakave zvichiita kufonera vaunoshanda navo kuti vabatsirwe neredhiyo. Mufambo wavo wokutizira waisvika makiromita mazana maviri kuenda kure. Mauto eGermany akanga atove munzvimbo yekuchenesa. Muchiitiko chekumanikidzirwa kumhara, mutyairi wendege aigona kubatwa. Muchiitiko chekushaikwa kwemafuta kana kukuvadzwa, vatyairi vendege vanogona kumhara nekukurumidza panhandare yendege muOsek Maly (11 km kuchamhembe kweKolo), uko dzimbahwe rePoznan III / 200 Dön Myslivsky nerubatsiro vaifanira kuvamirira. kusvika 8:15. Vatyairi vendege vakaita kutsvaira munzvimbo yeKutno-Kolo-Konin. Yakabhururuka 00-3 km, inenge 160:170 kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero. kubva kuKolo vakakwanisa kuona mabhomba evavengi. Vatyairi vendege vakabuda vanenge vakatarisana. Vakatorwa nekushamisika ne15 He 10Hs kubva ku9./KG 111 inoshanda muLenchica-Lovich-Zelko triangle (kurwa nehondo 4: 26-13: 58). Kurwisa kwevatyairi vendege kwakanangana nekiyi yekupedzisira. Kubva 16:28 kusvika 15:10 kwaive nehondo yemhepo. MaPole akarwisa maGerman nemaumbirwo awo ese, achirwisa timu yese iri pedyo. Moto wekudzivirira weGermany wakaratidza kuva unoshanda zvikuru. Deck Gunners 15. Staffel akashuma humhondi huna, ihwo humwe chete hwakazosimbiswa.

Maererano neshumo ye Kowalczyk, vatyairi vake vakashuma kudonha kwendege 6 mukati me7-10 maminetsi, 4 yakakuvadzwa. Zvitatu zvepfuti dzavo zvakamhara munzvimbo yehondo yeKolo Uniejów, uye imwe ina yakamhara mundege yekudzoka pakati peLenchica neBlonie nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemafuta. Mumwe wavo akabva adzokera kuchikwata. Pakazara, 4 PZL-6s uye vatyairi vaviri vakafa vakarasika panguva yekuchenesa: 11th Lieutenant V. Roman Stog - akawira (akawira pasi pedyo nemusha weStrashkow) uye platoon. Mieczysław Kazimierczak (akaurayiwa mushure mekusvetuka kweparachuti kubva pamoto kubva pasi; zvichida moto wake pachake).

MaPole akakwanisa kupfura pasi nekuparadza mabhomba matatu. Imwe yakamhara padumbu payo pedyo nemusha weRushkow. Imwe yakanga iri muminda yemusha weLabendy, uye yechitatu yakaputika mumhepo ndokuwira pedyo neUnieyuv. Yechina yakakuvadzwa, asi yakakwanisa kubva kune vaimutevera uye akamanikidzwa kumhara nedumbu paBreslau Airport (yava kunzi Wroclaw). Pakudzoka, vatyairi vendege vakarwisa kuumbwa kwevatatu He 111Hs kubva kuStab/KG 1 pedyo neŁowicz - pasina. Pakanga pasina mafuta uye zvombo zvakakwana. Mumwe mutyairi wendege aifanira kumhara nekukurumidzira nguva isati yarwiswa nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemafuta, uye maGerman vakamuverenga se "akapfurwa".

Masikati aGunyana 6, Pursuit Brigade yakagamuchira rairo yekubhururutsa Dion kuenda kunhandare dzendege mudunhu reLublin. Detachment yakatambura kurasikirwa kwakanyanya mumazuva matanhatu, yaifanira kuwedzerwa uye kurongeka zvakare. Mangwana acho, ndege dzehondo dzakabhururuka dzichienda kunhandare dzendege mukati menyika. Vakuru ve4th Panzer Division vakanga vava kusvika kuWarsaw. Musi waSeptember 8-9, hondo dzinotyisa dzakarwiwa naye pamasvingo akavandudzwa eOkhota neVolya. MaGermany akanga asina nguva yekutora guta pakufamba uye vakamanikidzwa kudzokera kumberi. Kukomba kwatanga.

Air Defense Warsaw

Mauto ekudzivirira emhepo kubva kuWarsaw Center akatora chikamu muhondo neLuftwaffe pamusoro peWarsaw kusvika Gunyana 6. Mumazuva ekutanga, fence yakavhurwa kakawanda. Zvavakaita hazvina kushanda. Vapfuri vakakundikana kuparadza ndege imwe chete, kunyange zvazvo kuuraya kwakawanda kwakashumwa, semuenzaniso pamusoro peOkentse pa3 September. Brigadier General M. Troyanovsky, Mutungamiriri weRuwa rweCorps I, akagadzwa Mukuru weBrig. Valerian Denda, Gunyana 4. Akarayirwa kuchengetedza guta guru kubva kumadokero uye kuronga kudzivirira kwepedyo kwemabhiriji kumativi ose eVistula muWarsaw.

Kusvika kwemaGerman kuWarsaw kwakakonzera kubuda kukuru uye nekutya kwedzimbahwe reSupreme High Command uye matunhu akakwirira emasimba ehurumende (Gunyana 6-8), kusanganisira. State Commissariat yeGuta guru reWarsaw. Mutungamiriri-mukuru-mukuru akabva kuWarsaw munaGunyana 7 kuenda kuBrest-on-Bug. Pazuva rimwe chetero, Purezidhendi weRepublic of Poland nehurumende vakaenda nendege kuLutsk. Uku kutiza kwakakurumidza kwehutungamiri hwenyika kwakarova zvakanyanya pahunhu hwevadziviriri nevagari veWarsaw. Nyika yawira pamusoro pevazhinji. Simba guru rakatora "zvese" nazvo, kusanganisira. madhipatimendi akati wandei emapurisa uye akawanda anodzima moto kuti vazvidzivirire. Vamwe vakataura nezve "evacuation" yavo, kusanganisira kuti "vakatora vakadzi vavo uye mikwende navo mumotokari ndokuenda."

Mushure mekunge vatiza kubva kuguta guru rezviremera zvehurumende, Stefan Starzynski, commissar weguta, akatora chinzvimbo checommissar muWarsaw Defense Command musi wa8 Gunyana. Kuzvitonga kwenzvimbo, inotungamirwa nemutungamiri wenyika, yakaramba "kutamisa" hurumende kumabvazuva ndokuva mukuru wehurumende yekudzivirira guta. Musi waGunyana 8-16, nekuraira kweMukuru-mukuru muWarsaw, boka reWarsaw Army rakaumbwa, uyezve Warsaw Army. Mukuru waro akanga ari Major General V. Julius Rommel. Musi waGunyana 20, mukuru wemauto akagadzira boka rezano - Komiti yeVanhu - kumiririra zvido zvezvematongerwo enyika, zvemagariro uye zvehupfumi. Yakaunza pamwe chete vamiriri vemapoka makuru ezvematongerwo enyika uye emagariro eguta. Vaizotungamirirwa ivo pachavo naGeneral J. Rommel kana kuti panzvimbo pake necommissar asiri varwi ari pasi pomutungamiriri weuto.

Imwe yemhedzisiro yekubviswa kweImba yeSupreme High Command kubva kuguta guru kwaive kuderera kwakanyanya kweWarsaw Air Defense Forces kusvika Gunyana 6. Musi wa4 Gunyana, mauto maviri (4 40-mm pfuti) akaendeswa kuSkierniewice. Musi waGunyana 5, maplatoon maviri (4 40-mm pfuti), daplot rechi101 uye bhatiri remazuva ano re75-mm zvakaendeswa kuLukow. Imwe platoon (2 40 mm pfuti) yakatumirwa kuChełm, uye imwe (2 40 mm pfuti) kuKrasnystaw. Bhatiri rimwe remazuva ano re75 mm caliber uye bhatiri rimwe rakateedzerwa re75 mm caliber zvakaendeswa kuLvov. Iyo 11 daplot yakatumirwa kuLublin, uye 102nd daplot uye imwe yemazuva ano 75-mm bhatiri yakatumirwa kuBzhest. Ese mabhatiri e75-mm anti-ndege akadzivirira bhangi guru rekuruboshwe reguta akabviswa kubva kuguta guru. Murairo wacho wakatsanangura shanduko idzi nenyaya yekuti zvikwata zvechitima zvemauto matatu ehondo kubva kumadokero zvakadaro zvakasvika kuguta guru ndokuzadza maburi. Zvakazoitika, kwaingova kurota kwaMukuru.

Pakazosvika Gunyana 16, chete yechigumi negumi nepfumbamwe chaiyo 10-mm mhando A mabhatiri epfuti, pamwe neiyo 19st uye 40th chaiyo 81-mm mhando B artillery mabhatiri aive negumi Bofors wz. 89 caliber 40 mm. Nekuda kwehondo nekudzokera kumashure, chikamu chemabhatiri chaive nematunhu asina kupera. Muchi10 ne36 kwaiva nepfuti ina nenhatu (yakajairwa: 40 pfuti), uye muna 10 uye 19 - imwe uye maviri-pfuti (standard: 4 pfuti). Uyezve, chikamu 81 km uye platoons kubva Lovich uye Rembertov (89 Bofors pfuti) akadzokera kuguta. Kune vana vasina pekugara vanosvika kubva kumberi, nzvimbo yekuunganidza yakarongwa mudzimba dze2 PAP Lot muMokotov mumugwagwa. Rakovetskaya 19b.

Musi waSeptember 5, boka rezvidziviriro zvemhepo zveWarsaw Center rakava chikamu cheboka remukuru wekudzivirira kweWarsaw, General V. Chuma. Nekuda kwekudzikiswa kukuru kwemidziyo, Colonel Baran akaunza sangano idzva remapoka epakati manheru emusi wa6 Gunyana uye akaisa mabasa matsva.

Mangwanani eGunyana 6, mauto eWarsaw Air Defense Forces aisanganisira: 5 anti-ndege 75-mm mabhatiri (20 75-mm pfuti), 12 40-mm anti-ndege platoons (24 40-mm pfuti), 1 kambani ye150. -cm anti-aircraft searchlights, 5 makambani e-anti-aircraft pfuti (kusanganisira 2 B pasina mabhiza) uye 3 makambani emabharuni emabharuni. Huwandu: 76 maofficial, 396 vasina kutumwa mapurisa uye 2112 vakazvimirira. Musi waGunyana 6, Colonel Baran aive nepfuti dzekurwisa ndege makumi mana neina (44 caliber 20 mm, kusanganisira ina chete yemazuva ano wz. 75St uye 37 wz. 24 Bofors 38 mm caliber) nemakambani mashanu epfuti dzinodzivirira ndege. 40 mm mabhatiri aive neavhareji yemoto we75½, 3 mm mauto ehondo 40½ moto, 4½ moto mu "fekitari" platoons, uye anti-ndege muchina pfuti makambani aive nemoto mina.

Manheru ezuva rimwe chetero, Colonel Baran akatanga chikamu chitsva chemapoka uye mabasa ekudzivirira chikamu cheWarsaw, pamwe nehukama hwehunyanzvi:

1. Boka "Vostok" - mutungamiri Major Mechislav Zilber, mukuru we103rd daplot (75-mm semi-permanent mabhatiri wz. 97 uye wz. 97/25; mabhatiri: 110, 115, 116 uye 117 uye 103. Anti-aircraft. bhatiri 75-mm sh. 37 St.). Basa: yakakwirira masikati neusiku kudzivirira kweWarsaw fence.

2. Boka "Mabhiriji" - mutungamiri chivharo. Zygmunt Jezersky; kuumbwa: platoons ye104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109 uye platoon yeBorisev chirimwa. Basa: kudzivirira kwebhiriji fence uye pakati pepakati uye pasi pepamusoro, kunyanya kudzivirira mabhiriji pamusoro peVistula. 104th platoon (mukuru wemoto, reserve cadet Zdzisław Simonowicz), zvinzvimbo pabhiriji rechitima muPrague. Chikwata chakaparadzwa nebhomba. 105th platoon (mukuru wemoto / junior lieutenant / Stanislav Dmukhovsky), nzvimbo pakati pePoniatowski zambuko uye njanji bhiriji. 106th platoon (mukuru wemugari lieutenant Witold Piasecki), achipfura chinzvimbo muLazienki. 107th platoon (mukuru mukuru Zygmunt Jezersky). 108th platoon (cadet commander / junior lieutenant / Nikolai Dunin-Martsinkevich), nzvimbo yekupfura pedyo neZOO; platoon yakaparadzwa neLuftwaffe. 109th platoon (mukuru wemauto ereserve Viktor Pyasetsky), achipfura zvinzvimbo paFort Traugutt.

3. Boka "Svidry" - mutungamiri mukuru. Yakub Hrubi; Kuumbwa: 40-mm PZL chirimwa platoon uye 110th 40-mm anti-ndege platoon. Ose maplatoons akagoverwa kudzivirira kuyambuka munzvimbo yeSvider Male.

4. Boka "Powązki" - 5th kambani AA km Basa: kuvhara nzvimbo yeGdańsk chiteshi chechitima uye Citadel.

5. Boka "Dvorzhets" - kambani 4 chikamu km. Chinangwa: kuvhara maFilters uye Main Station nzvimbo.

6. Boka "Prague" - kambani 19 km chikamu. Chinangwa: kuchengetedza bhiriji reKerbed, Vilnius chiteshi chechitima uye East njanji.

7. Boka "Lazenki" - chikamu 18 km. Basa: kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo yeSrednikovy uye Poniatovsky zambuko, gasi chirimwa uye pombi chiteshi.

8. Boka "Medium" - 3rd kambani AA km. Basa: vhara chikamu chepakati chechinhu (2 platoons), vhara Warsaw 2 nhepfenyuro.

Akatamiswa musi waGunyana 6 achipihwa naColonel V. Baran, akatumira 103rd 40-mm platoon kuChersk kuchengetedza kuyambuka. Musi waSeptember 9, pane zviitiko zviviri zvekubva kusina mvumo kubva panzvimbo yekurwisana pasina chikonzero chakanaka, i.e. desertion. Mhosva yakadaro yakaitika mubheteri ye117, iyo yakasiya madhipatimendi emoto munzvimbo yeGotslav, ichiparadza pfuti uye ichisiya midziyo yekuyera. Yechipiri yaive munzvimbo yeSvidera Male, uko "Lovich" platoon yakasiya nzvimbo yekupfura ndokutamira kuOtwock pasina mvumo, ichisiya chikamu chemidziyo iri panzvimbo. Mukuru weboka rechi110 akamira pamberi pedare remauto. Mhosva yakafanana yakatangwa mudare redzimhosva naCapt. Mhepo isina kuwanikwa. Mamiriro akafanana akaitika mukambani ye18 yemauto ekudzivirira kwemhepo, apo mukuru wayo, Lieutenant Cheslav Novakovsky, akaenda kuOtwock (September 15 pa7 am) kumhuri yake uye haana kudzoka. Colonel Baran vakaendesawo nyaya iyi kudare redzimhosva. Pakupera kwemazuva gumi ekutanga aGunyana, mabhomba eBofors akapera madhiramu epfuti, saka haana kukwanisa kupfura zvine mutsindo. Takakwanisa kuwana mazana akati wandei emadhiramu akavigwa mumatura uye akagoverwa pakati pemapoka.

Mukati mekukombwa kweguta, mauto akarangana akashuma kubudirira kwakawanda. Somuenzaniso, musi waSeptember 9, Colonel. Bharan pamusoro pekupfura ndege 5, uye musi waSeptember 10 - ndege 15 chete, iyo 5 yaiva mukati meguta.

Musi waGunyana 12, pakanga paine imwe shanduko yenzvimbo dzekupfura uye nzira dzekutaurirana dzeanorwisa-ndege artillery zvikamu zveWarsaw centre. Kunyangwe ipapo, Colonel Baran akataura nezvekudikanwa kwekusimbisa kudzivirira kwemuganho weWarsaw ne75-mm wz. 37th chikepe nekuda kwekushayikwa kwemidziyo yepamusoro-soro uye kugadzwa kwedhion yekuvhima kuti ifukidze guta. Zvisina kubudirira. Pazuva iro, mushumo wemamiriro ezvinhu Nhamba 3, Colonel Baran akanyora kuti: Kurwiswa kwakaitwa nekiyi kubva ku3 Heinkel-111F ndege pa13.50 yakarwiwa ne 40-mm platoons uye pfuti dzinorema. 2 ndege dzakapfurwa dzichinyura pamabhiriji. Vakawira munzvimbo yeSt. Tamka uye St. Medov.

Musi waSeptember 13, na16:30, mushumo wakagamuchirwa pamusoro pekudonha kwe3 ndege. MaGermany akarwisa nzvimbo yechiteshi chechitima cheGdansk, Citadel nenzvimbo yakapoteredza ne50 ndege. Panguva ino, zvinzvimbo zveakaparadzana 103rd anti-ndege bhatiri wz. 37 St. Lieutenant Kendzersky. Mabhomba makumi mashanu akaumbwa pedyo. MaGermany akanga asina nguva yekuparadza pfuti imwe chete. Kunyange panguva yokubuda muguta, mukuru waro akagamuchira Captain V. Seti yemotokari dzomugungwa. Akabva adambura pfuti ye50-mm yakanga yasara mumugwagwa pedyo neBielany ndokuisungirira pabhatiri rake. Yechipiri 40-mm pfuti yakagamuchirwa nebhatiri pamunda weMokotovsky kubva ku40th 10-mm anti-aircraft bateri yakamira ipapo. Nekuraira kwaLieutenant Kendziersky, chikwata chefekitari kubva kuBoryshevo neBofors (mukuru wereserve lieutenant Erwin Labus) chakaiswawo pasi ndokutora zvinzvimbo zvekupfura paFort Traugut. Ipapo 40th 109-mm anti-ndege platoon, 40rd lieutenant. Viktor Pyasetsky. Mutungamiriri uyu akamisa pfuti dzake pamateru eFort Traugutt, kubva kwaaive nekuonekwa kwakanaka uye akashanda zvakanyanya nebhatiri rechinomwe. Pfuti dze103mm dzakadhonzera ndege yeGerman pasi kubva padenga repamusoro ichibva yavhura pfuti pavari nepfuti dze75mm. Nekuda kwekubatana uku, bhatiri re40 rakashuma 103 kugogodza kwakaringana uye akati wandei angangoita kubva munaSeptember 9 kusvika 1, uye 27th platoon yaive ne109 kugogodza kwakaringana kuchikwereti chayo. Nekuda kwekufanoona kwaLieutenant Kendziersky, mushure meGunyana 11, bhatiri rake rakatora zvombo zvese zve9-mm anti-ndege zvewz. 75St uye kusvika pakupera kwekukomba haana kunzwa kutadza kwake.

Musi wa14 Gunyana, na15:55, ndege dzakarwisa Zoliborz, Wola uye chikamu chepakati peguta. Chinangwa chikuru chaive mitsara yekudzivirira muchikamu cheZoliborz. Somugumisiro wekurwiswa, moto we15 wakaputika munzvimbo yezvivako zvemauto nehurumende, kusanganisira pachiteshi chechitima cheGdansk, uye munzvimbo yose yekuchamhembe kweguta (dzimba gumi neimwe dzakaputswa); mafirita akakuvadzwa zvishoma uye network yematiramu etiramu. Somugumisiro wekurwisa, varwi 11 vakaurayiwa uye 17 vakakuvadzwa.

Musi wa15 Gunyana zvakanzi yakarohwa neimwe ndege uye yaifanira kumhara munzvimbo yeMarek. Kuma 10:30 mangwanani, murwi wavo wePZL-11 akapfurwa nepfuti dzinorema uye varwi vetsoka. Panguva iyoyo, masoja airambidzwa kuridza pfuti kutozosvikira mukuru mukuru aziva ndege yacho. Pazuva rino, maGermany akakomba guta, achisvina mhete yekukomba kubva kumabvazuva. Mukuwedzera kukubhomba kwomuchadenga, maGermany akashandisa dzinenge pfuti dzine simba 1000 17 dzairira zvikuru. Izvo zvakare zvakava zvinonetsa zvakanyanya kune anti-ndege pfuti. Mabhomba ezvombo akaputika munzvimbo dzawo dzekupfura, zvichikonzera kukuvara uye kufa. Somuenzaniso, musi waSeptember 17, semugumisiro wezvombo zvemoto, ne00: 5, 1 vakakuvadzwa vega, 40 yakakuvadza 3-mm pfuti, motokari 1, 11 heavy machine gun uye 115 mabhiza akafa akashumwa. Pazuva rimwe chetero, 4th machine gun company (maplatoons maviri e5 heavy machine pfuti imwe neimwe) uye 8th balloon kambani, iyo yaiva chikamu cheboka rekudzivirira mweya, yakasvika muWarsaw kubva kuSvider Maly. Masikati, kucherechedzwa kwakasimba kwemuchadenga (kupamba kwe2) kwakaonekwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana, munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana nemabhomba, ndege dzekucherechedza uye Messerschmitt fighters (ndege imwe chete nemakiyi, 3-2000 motokari imwe neimwe) kubva kuXNUMX m nokuda kwendege dzisiri dzenguva uye kuchinja nguva dzose mu. ndege parameters; hapana mhedzisiro.

Musi waGunyana 18, kupambwa kwekuongorora nendege imwe kwakadzokororwa (vakaverengerwa 8), mapepa akadonhedzwa zvakare. Mumwe wekutanga ("Dornier-17") akapfurwa na7:45 mangwanani. Vashandi vake vaifanira kumhara nechimbichimbi munzvimbo yeBabice. Maererano nekurwisa kutora nzvimbo yePruszkow, Colonel. dipl. Anti-ndege bhatiri Mariana Porwit, rine matatu platoons maviri 40-mm pfuti. Mambakwedza, bhatiri rakatora nzvimbo dzekupfura muchikamu cheKolo-Volya-Chiste.

Guta rakanga richiri kupfurwa nepfuti. Musi waSeptember 18, akaita kurasikirwa kunotevera muzvikamu zveAA: 10 vakakuvadzwa, mabhiza gumi nemana akaurayiwa, 14 mabhokisi e2-mm zvombo zvakaparadzwa, 40 rori yakakuvadzwa uye zvimwe zviduku.

Musi waGunyana 20, nenguva dza14:00, munzvimbo yeCentral Institute of Physical Education neBelyansky Sango, mabhomba eHenschel-123 neJunkers-87 akarwisa. Imwe mhirizhonga yakasimba pa16: 15 yakagadzirwa neinenge 30-40 ndege dzemarudzi akasiyana-siyana: Junkers-86, Junkers-87, Dornier-17, Heinkel-111, Messerschmitt-109 uye Henschel-123. Masikati kurwisa, lift yakabatira moto. Iwo mayunitsi akashuma pasi 7 vavengi ndege.

Musi waSeptember 21, zvakashumwa kuti 2 ndege dzakapfurwa pasi nekuda kwemoto unorwisa ndege. Anenge ese anorwisa-ndege artillery nzvimbo dzakauya pasi pemoto kubva pasi artillery. Kune vatsva vakakuvara

uye kurasikirwa nezvinhu. Musi waSeptember 22, ndege dzemabhomba ega ega nokuda kwezvinangwa zvekucherechedza zvakaonekwa mangwanani; mapepa akaparadzirwazve muguta. Pakati pa14:00 na15:00 paPrague pakanga parwiwa nemuvengi, ndege dzinenge 20, imwe ndege yakapfurwa. Pakati pa16:00 na17:00 pakava nechisimba chechipiri chaisanganisira ndege dzinopfuura makumi maviri. Kurwiswa kukuru kwaive pazambuko rePoniatowski. Ndege yechipiri inonzi yakapfurwa. Ndege mbiri dzakapfurwa masikati.

Musi waGunyana 23, kubhomba kamwe chete uye ndege dzekuongorora dzakarekodhwa zvakare. Masikati, hapana mashoko okubhombwa kweguta nenharaunda dzaro akagamuchirwa. Vaviri vaDornier 2 vanonzi vakapfurwa. Mativi ese akave pasi pemoto wakanyanya, izvo zvakakonzera kurasikirwa nepfuti. Paive nevakawanda vakaurayiwa uye vakakuvadzwa, vakaurayiwa uye vakakuvadzwa mabhiza, maviri 17-mm pfuti dzakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya. Mumwe wevakuru vebhatiri akakuvara zvakaipisisa.

Gunyana 24 mangwanani, kubva 6:00 kusvika 9:00, ndege dzemabhomba imwe chete uye ndege dzekuona dzakaonekwa. Pakati pa 9:00 na 11:00 paive nechisimba nemasaisai kubva kumativi akasiyana. Panguva imwecheteyo, ndege dzinopfuura makumi maviri dzemarudzi akasiyana-siyana dzakanga dziri mumhepo. Kurwisa kwemangwanani kwakakonzera kurasikirwa kukuru paRoyal Castle. Vashandi vendege neungwaru vanzvenga moto unorwisa ndege, kazhinji vachichinja mamiriro endege. Kurwisa kwakatevera kwakaitika kuma20:15. Panguva yekurwisa kwemangwanani, ndege nhatu dzakapfurwa, masikati - 00 yakapfurwa uye 3 yakakuvadzwa. Kutora firimu kwakadziviswa nemamiriro ekunze - kukwidibira. Muboka rezvikwata zvezvombo, Colonel Baran akarayira kurongwazve, kusimbisa chivharo cheFilters uye Pumping Stations. Zvikwata zveArtillery zvaigara zvichipiswa nemoto kubva pasi pepfuti, iyo yakawedzera kuwedzera panguva yekurwiswa kwemhepo. Mapurisa maviri akaurayiwa, kusanganisira 1 bhatiri mukuru uye 1 muchina gun platoon commander. Mukuwedzera, vakaurayiwa uye vakakuvadzwa panguva yekushanda kwepfuti nepfuti. Somugumisiro wezvombo zvemoto, imwe 2-mm semi-solid pfuti yakaparadzwa zvachose, uye nhamba yekurasikirwa kwakakomba mumidziyo yehondo yakanyorwa.

"Wet Muvhuro" - 25 Gunyana.

Murairo weGermany wakasarudza kutanga kurwisa kukuru kwemhepo uye moto unorema wepfuti paguta rakakombwa kuitira kuputsa kushora kwevadziviriri uye kuvamanikidza kukanda mapfumo pasi. Kurwiswa kwakaramba kuchienderera kubva na8:00 kusvika 18:00. Panguva ino, mabhomba eLuftwaffe kubva kuFl.Fhr.zbV ane huwandu hunosvika 430 Ju. Kuverenga kweGerman kwakadonhedza 87 matani emabhomba, kusanganisira 123 matani epamusoro-kuputika uye 17 matani ekupisa. Kurwiswa kwaisanganisira 52 Junkers Ju 1176 inotakurwa kubva kuIV/KG.zbV558, kubva mabhomba madiki e486 akadonhedzwa. Mabhomba akafukidza Messerschmitts yeI/JG 72 uye I/ZG 47. Kurova kwemhepo kwaiperekedzwa nerutsigiro rwezvombo zvine simba.

Guta rakatsva mumazana enzvimbo. Somugumisiro wehutsi hunorema, izvo zvakadzivisa kurwisana nekurwisana kwezvombo zvehondo, mukuru we "West" squad, Colonel Dipl. M. Porvit akaraira kurwisa ndege dzevavengi nepfuti dzemuchina pane zvese zvinokanda, kunze kwezvinzvimbo zvepamusoro. Munyaya yekurwiswa kwepasi-pasi, zvombo zvidiki zvaifanira kutungamirwa nemapoka akasarudzwa epfuti achitungamirwa nevakuru.

Kurwiswa kwemhepo kwakamisa basa, kusanganisira nzvimbo yemagetsi yeguta muPowisla; muguta makanga musina magetsi kubva na15:00. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, musi waSeptember 16, moto wezvombo wakakonzera moto mukuru muimba yeinjini yemagetsi ekupisa, iyo yakadzimwa nerubatsiro rwedhipatimendi remoto. Panguva iyoyo, vanhu vanenge 2000 vakanga vakavanda mudzimba dzake dzokuvanda, zvikurukuru vagari vomudzimba dziri pedyo. Chechipiri chakanangana nekurwisa kunotyisa kwesangano iri raive zvirimwa zvemuguta zvemvura netsvina. Somugumisiro wekukanganiswa kwekupa kwemagetsi kubva pamagetsi emagetsi, hydraulic structures dzakabviswa. Munguva yekukomba, anenge 600 artillery shells, 60 air bomb uye XNUMX incendiary mabhomba akawira pazviteshi zvese zveguta remvura uye masuweji.

Zvombo zveGermany zvakaparadza guta nemoto unoputika zvikuru uye zvimedu. Dzinenge nzvimbo dzose dzekuraira dzakamiswa; nzvimbo dzemberi dzakatambura zvishoma. Kurwisana nendege dzevavengi kwakanga kwakaoma nokuda kwoutsi hwaifukidza guta, iro rakanga richipfuta munzvimbo dzakawanda. Around 10 am Warsaw yanga ichitsva munzvimbo dzinopfuura mazana matatu. Pazuva iroro rinorwadza, vanhu vari pakati pe300 ne5 vangadai vakafa. Warsaw, uye zviuru zvezvimwe zvakakuvadzwa.

Zvinonzi ndege gumi nenhatu dzakapfurwa pazuva. Muchokwadi, panguva yekurwiswa kwemhepo yemagandanga, maGerman akarasikirwa neJu 13 uye maviri Ju 87s kuPolish artillery fire (kubva mabhomba madiki emoto akadonhedzwa).

Nekuda kwebhomba, zvivakwa zvemuguta zvakakuvadzwa zvakaipisisa - Power Plant, Filters, uye Pumping Station. Izvi zvakakanganisa kugoverwa kwemagetsi nemvura. Guta rakanga richitsva, uye pakanga pasina chokudzima moto wacho. Hurevy artillery uye kubhomba musi wa25 Gunyana zvakakurumidza danho rekupira Warsaw. Zuva rakatevera, maGermany akatanga kurwisa, izvo zvakaramba. Zvisinei, musi iwoyo, nhengo dzeCivic Committee dzakakumbira General Rommel kuti ape guta racho.

Nekuda kwekurasikirwa kukuru kwakabatwa neguta, mukuru weuto re "Warsaw", Major General S.J. Rommel, akaraira kupera kwemoto kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana kubva na24:12 munaGunyana 00. Chinangwa chayo chaiva chekubvumirana nemukuru we27th German Army pamusoro pemamiriro ekudzoka kweWarsaw. Nhaurirano dzaizopedzwa nemusi wa8 Gunyana. Chibvumirano chekuzvipira chakapedzwa musi wa 29 Gunyana. Maererano nehurongwa hwayo, kufora kwemauto ePoland kwaizoitwa musi waSeptember 28 kubva na29 manheru. Major General von Cohenhausen. Kusvikira guta ratorwa nemaGerman, guta raizotongwa neMutungamiri Starzhinsky neGuta reGuta uye masangano ari pasi pavo.

Summation

Warsaw akadzivirira kubva 1 kusvika 27 Gunyana. Guta nevagari varo vakarohwa zvakanyanya nemhepo dzakateedzana uye kurwisa kwepfuti, iyo yainyanya kuparadza yaive musi wa25 Gunyana. Vadziviriri veguta guru, vachishandisa kushanda kwavo simba rakawanda uye kuzvipira, kazhinji kukuru uye heroic, vakakodzera kuremekedzwa kwepamusoro-soro, havana kunyatsopindira nendege yevavengi panguva yekubhomba kweguta.

Mumakore ekudzivirira, guta guru raive nehuwandu hwevanhu vane mamiriyoni 1,2-1,25 uye rakava nzvimbo yekupotera kune vanenge 110 zviuru zvevanhu. masoja. 5031 97 maofficial, 425 15 vasina kutumwa vakuru uye vega vakawira muusungwa hweGerman. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pakati pe20 ne4 vanhu vakafa muhondo dzeguta. vakauraya vanhuwo zvavo uye vanenge 5-287 zviuru varwi vakawa - kusanganisira. Vakuru gumi nevatanhatu uye 3672 vasina kutumwa mapurisa uye vakazvimirira vanovigwa mumakuva eguta. Pamusoro pezvo, makumi ezviuru zvevagari (vanenge 20 16) uye vemauto (vanosvika XNUMX XNUMX) vakakuvara.

Maererano neshumo yemumwe wevashandi vepachivande vakashanda ku Headquarters yePolice muna 1942, pamberi paSeptember 1, paiva nezvivako zve18 muWarsaw, izvo chete 495 2645 (14,3%), zvivako zvinokuvadza (kubva pachiedza kusvika kune zvakanyanya. ) havana kukuvadzwa panguva yavo yekudzivirira yaive 13 847 (74,86%) uye 2007 zvivako (10,85%) zvakaparadzwa zvachose.

Pakati peguta pakakuvadzwa zvakaipisisa. Chigadzirwa chemagetsi muPowisla chakakuvadzwa nehuwandu hwe16%. Zvinenge zvese zvivakwa uye zvimiro zvesimba remagetsi zvakakuvadzwa kune imwe dhigirii kana imwe. Kurasikirwa kwayo kwese kunofungidzirwa kuPLN 19,5 miriyoni. Kurasikirwa kwakafanana kwakatambura nepombi yemvura yeguta uye pombi yetsvina. Paive nekukuvara kwe586 pane network yekupa mvura, uye 270 pane network yetsvina, uyezve, 247 pombi dzemvura yekunwa uye yakawanda yemvura yekugezesa imba yakakuvadzwa pamwe nehurefu hwemamita 624. Kambani yakarasikirwa nevashandi makumi maviri vakaurayiwa, 20 vakakuvara zvakaipisisa. uye gumi nevaviri vakakuvara zvishoma munguva yehondo.

Pamusoro pekurasikirwa nezvinhu, tsika dzerudzi dzakatambura kurasikirwa kukuru, kusanganisira. Musi waGunyana 17, Royal castle nemaunganidzwa ayo akapisa, akabatidzwa nemoto wepfuti. Kurasikirwa kwezvinhu zveguta kwakafungidzirwa mushure mehondo maererano nekuverenga kwaProf. Marina Lalkiewicz, muhuwandu hwe3 bhiriyoni zloty (yekuenzanisa, mari uye kushandiswa kwebhajeti rehurumende mugore rezvemari 1938-39 yakasvika 2,475 bhiriyoni zlotys).

Iyo Luftwaffe yakakwanisa kubhururuka pamusoro peWarsaw uye kudonhedza zvinhu pasina "dambudziko" rakawanda kubva mumaawa ekutanga ehondo. Kusvika pamwero mudiki, izvi zvinogona kudziviswa nevarwi vebrigade, uye kunyange zvishoma neanorwisa-ndege artillery. Chinetso bedzi chaicho chakamira munzira yamaGermany chakanga chiri mamiriro okunze akaipa.

Mumazuva matanhatu ekurwa (Gunyana 1-6), vatyairi vechikwata chekutsvaga vakashuma kuti 43 yakanyatsoparadzwa uye 9 zvichida yakaparadzwa uye 20 yakakuvadza ndege yeLuftwaffe panguva yekudzivirira guta guru. Maererano neGermany data, kubudirira kwechokwadi kwePoles kwakava kushoma. Kubhururuka kweGermany muhondo nekutsvaga brigade yakarasikirwa nekusingaperi mazuva matanhatu

17-20 kurwisa ndege (ona tafura), gumi nevaviri vakagamuchira isingasviki 60% kukuvadzwa uye vaigona kugadziriswa. Uyu ndiwo mugumisiro wakanaka kwazvo, wakapiwa midziyo yekare uye zvombo zvisina simba zvePoles avo vakarwa navo.

Kurasikirwa kwavo kwaive kwakanyanya; Chikwata chekudzingirira chaive choda kuparadzwa. Kubva panguva yekutanga, varwi makumi mashanu nevana vakarasika muhondo (pamwe ne54 kuwedzera PZL-3 kusvika III / 11 Dyon), varwi makumi matatu nevana vakagamuchira kukuvara kusingagadzirisike uye vakasiiwa (inenge 1%). Chikamu chendege chakakuvadzwa muhondo chaigona kuponeswa kana paine maspare propellers, mavhiri, zvikamu zveinjini, nezvimwe, uye pakanga paine chigadziko chekugadzirisa uye chekubuda. Muna III / 34 Dönier, 60 PZL-1 varwi uye mumwe asina kutora chikamu chemuvengi akarasika muhondo neLuftwaffe. Zvakare, IV / 13 Dyon akarasikirwa 11 PZL-1 uye PZL-17a varwi uye vamwe vatatu pasina kutora chikamu kwemuvengi muhondo neLuftwaffe. Boka rekutambudza rakarasikirwa: vana vakaurayiwa uye mumwe akashaika, uye gumi vakakuvara - muchipatara. Musi waGunyana 11, III/7 Dyon yaive ne10 inoshanda PZL-7s uye 1 PZL-5s muKerzh iri kugadziriswa panhandare yendege muKerzh 2 neZaborov. Kune rumwe rutivi, IV/11 Dyon yakanga ine 3 PZL-11s uye 1 PZL-6a inoshanda paBelżyce airfield, ine 11 mamwe PZL-4s ari kugadziriswa.

Pasinei nekubatanidzwa kwemauto makuru ekudzivirira mumhepo muguta guru (92 pfuti), vanopfura ndege munguva yekutanga yekudzivirira kusvika munaSeptember 6 havana kuparadza imwe muvengi ndege. Mushure mekudzoka kwechikwata chekutsvaga uye kutorwa kwe2/3 anti-aircraft artillery, mamiriro ezvinhu muWarsaw akawedzera kuipa. Muvengi akakomba guta. Pakanga pane zviwanikwa zvishoma zvekutarisana nendege yake, uye mazhinji ekupedzisira 75 mm anti-ndege pfuti akadzoserwa. Anenge mazuva gumi nemaviri gare gare, mabhatiri mana ane mota ane 10 40 mm wz. 36 Bofors. Zvishandiso izvi, zvisinei, hazvina kukwanisa kuzadza mapeji ose. Pazuva rekukanda mapfumo pasi, vadziviriri vaive nepfuti dzekurwisa ndege dzinosvika 12 75 mm (kusanganisira 4 wz. 37St) uye 27 40 mm Bofors wz. 36 uye wz. 38 (14 platoons) uye makambani masere epfuti ane mari shoma yepfuti. Munguva yekurwisa kwevavengi uye kubhomba, vadziviriri vakaparadza maviri 75-mm anti-ndege mabhatiri uye maviri 2-mm pfuti. Kurasikirwa kwakasvika: mapurisa maviri akaurayiwa, vangangosvika gumi nevaviri vasina kutumwa mapurisa uye vakazvimirira vakaurayiwa, uye gumi nevaviri vakakuvara vakazvimirira.

Mukudzivirira kweWarsaw, maererano nekutsvakurudza kwemukuru wemakuhwa weWarsaw Center, Colonel V. Aries, 103 ndege yevavengi yaifanira kunge yakapfurwa, iyo nhanhatu (sic!) uye 97 vakapfurwa nepfuti dzehondo uye dzinorwisa ndege. Mutungamiriri weWarsaw Mauto akagadza michinjikwa mitatu yeVirtuti Militari uye 25 Valor michinjikwa kuti igoverwe kune mauto ekudzivirira mhepo. Ekutanga akaunzwa naColonel Baran: Lieutenant Wiesław Kedziorsky (mukuru we75 mm bhatiri St), Lieutenant Mikolay Dunin-Martsinkevich (mukuru we 40 mm platoon) naLieutenant Antony Yazvetsky (chikamu 18 km).

Kubudirira kwepfuti dzinorwisa ndege dzeguta guru dzakawedzeredzwa zvikuru, uye varwi vanonyatsotarisirwa pasi. Nguva zhinji, kukanda kwavo kwakashuma hits izvo pasina humbowo hwechokwadi hwekurasikirwa kweanopikisa. Uyezve, kubva pamishumo yezuva nezuva yeColonel S. Oven pamusoro pekubudirira haigoni kutorwa kubva kunhamba iyi, musiyano uchiri mukuru, usingazivikanwi kuti ungatsanangura sei.

Tichifunga nezvemagwaro evaGerman, ivo vakarasikirwa zvisingaite nemabhomba masere, varwi uye ndege dzekuona pamusoro peWarsaw kubva kumoto unorwisa ndege (ona tafura). Dzimwe mota shoma kubva kuzvikwata zviri kure kana padhuze zvekuongorora zvinogona kurohwa nekuparadzwa. Zvisinei, izvi hazvigoni kuva kurasikirwa kukuru (mutsara 1-3 motokari?). Imwe ndege gumi nemaviri yakagamuchira kukuvadzwa kwemhando dzakasiyana (pasi pe60%). Kuenzaniswa neyakaziviswa 97 pfuti, isu tine yakanyanya 12-yakapetwa overestimation yemapfuti ekudzivirira mhepo.

Munguva yekurwisa-ndege kudzivirira kweWarsaw muna 1939, ndege dzehondo nehondo dzekurwisa ndege dzakaparadza kanenge 25-28 ndege dzehondo, mamwe gumi nemaviri akagamuchira kukuvadzwa kuri pasi pe60%, i.e. dzaive dzakakodzera kugadziriswa. Nezvose zvakanyorwa zvakaparadzwa ndege dzemuvengi - 106 kana kunyange 146-155 - zvishoma zvakawanikwa, uye zvishoma. Mweya mukuru wekurwa uye kuzvipira kwevazhinji hakwaigona kudzikamisa gaka rakakura muhunyanzvi hwekushongedza vadziviriri maererano nehunyanzvi hwemuvengi.

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