Kusimuka kwemauto eGerman ane zvombo

Kusimuka kwemauto eGerman ane zvombo. Kusimba kwemapoka ezvombo zveGermany manheru eHondo Yenyika II haana kunyanya muhutano hwemidziyo, asi muhurongwa uye kudzidziswa kwevakuru nevarwi.

Iyo genesis yePanzerwaffe haisati iri nyaya inonzwisiswa zvizere. Pasinei nemazana emabhuku uye zviuru zvezvinyorwa zvakanyorwa pamusoro penyaya iyi, pachine mibvunzo yakawanda inoda kujekeswa mukuumbwa nekuvandudzwa kwemauto ehondo eGermany. Izvi zvinokonzerwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kune zita reakazotevera Colonel General Heinz Guderian, ane basa rinowanzo fungidzirwa.

Zvirambidzo zveChibvumirano cheVersailles, chibvumirano cherunyararo chakasainwa muna Chikumi 28, 1919, icho chakamisa hurongwa hutsva muEurope mushure meHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, zvakakonzera kudzikiswa kwakanyanya muuto reGerman. Maererano neZvinyorwa 159-213 zvechibvumirano ichi, Germany yaigona kungova neuto diki redziviriro, risingapfuure 100 15 vakuru, vakuru vasina kutumwa nemasoja (kusanganisira isingapfuuri 000 6 muuto rengarava), yakarongwa kuita mapoka manomwe evacheche uye mapoka matatu evatasvi vamabhiza. uye zvikepe zvine mwero (6 dzekare dzehondo, 12 light cruisers, 12 vaparadzi, 77 torpedo mabhoti). Zvairambidzwa kuva nemauto ehondo, matangi, artillery ane caliber inopfuura 12 mm, submarines uye zvombo zvemakemikari. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeGermany (somuenzaniso, muRhine Valley), masvingo akarayirwa kuti aputswe, uye kuvakwa kwemamwe matsva kwakarambidzwa. General kunyoreswa kwechiuto basa rakarambidzwa, mauto nevakuru vasina kutumwa vaifanira kushanda muchiuto kweanenge makore makumi maviri nemashanu, uye vakuru vakuru kwemakore angangoita 25. Mukuru weGerman General Staff, aionekwa sehuropi hwemauto hwakagadzirira kurwa, hwaifanira kubviswa.

Muna 1925, chikoro chekutanga cheGermany chakatangwa muWünsdorf pedyo neBerlin kuti chiite zvidzidzo zvevakuru vematangi.

Nyika itsva yeGerman yakasikwa mumhepo yekusagadzikana kwemukati uye kurwa kumabvazuva (nemauto eSoviet nePolish achiedza kuwana iyo yakanakira nharaunda gadziriro yavo), kubva munaNovember 9, 1918, apo Emperor Wilhelm II akamanikidzwa kusiya chigaro, kusvika 6 February 1919 - inonzi. Weimar Republic. Nheyo itsva yepamutemo yehurumende yekushanda kwenyika, kusanganisira bumbiro idzva, yakanga iri kugadzirwa muWeimar kubva muna Zvita 1918 kusvika kutanga kwaFebruary 1919, apo musangano weNational Assembly waive muchikamu. Musi waKukadzi 6, Republic of Germany yakaziviswa muWeimar, ichichengeta zita rekuti Deutsches Reich (German Reich, iro rinogonawo kushandurwa seHumambo hweGerman), kunyangwe nyika ichangobva kurongwa yakanzi Weimar Republic zvisiri pamutemo.

Zvakakodzera kuwedzera pano kuti zita reGerman Reich rakabva muzana ramakore rechi 962, panguva yeHumambo Hutsvene hweRoma (hwakavambwa muna 1032), iyo yaive nehumambo hwakaenzana hweGermany nehumambo hweItari, kusanganisira matunhu. kwete chete yemazuva ano Germany uye kuchamhembe Italy, asiwo Switzerland, Austria, Belgium uye Netherlands (kubvira 1353). Muna 1648, vanhu vanopandukira veFranco-German-Italian vechikamu chiduku chepakati-kumadokero kweHumambo vakawana rusununguko, vachigadzira nyika itsva - Switzerland. Muna 1806, Humambo hweItari hwakazvimiririra, uye humambo hwakasara hwaive zvino hwakanga hwakapararira nyika dzeGerman, idzo panguva iyoyo dzaitongwa neHabsburgs, dzinza rekupedzisira raitonga Austria-Hungary. Naizvozvo, Umambo Hutsvene hweRoma hwakanga hwadamburwa zvino hwakatanga kunzi Germany Reich. Pamusoro peHumambo hwePrussia, iyo yese yeGermany yaive nevatungamiriri vadiki, vachitsvaga yakazvimirira mutemo uye zvakanyanya kuzvimiririra mune zvehupfumi, inotongwa namambo weAustria. Munguva yeHondo dzeNapoleonic, Humambo Hutsvene hweRoma hwakakundwa muna 1815, uye Confederation of the Rhine (pasi pedziviriro yeNapoleon) yakagadzirwa kubva kuchikamu chayo chekumadokero, icho chakatsiviwa muna 1701 neGerman Confederation - zvakare pasi pedziviriro. Umambo hweAustria. Yaisanganisira vakuru vekuchamhembe nekumadokero kweGermany, pamwe chete nehumambo huviri huchangobva kuumbwa - Bavaria neSaxony. Humambo hwePrussia (hwakavambwa muna 1806) yakaramba iri nyika yakazvimirira muna 1866 neBerlin seguta guru. Saka, guta guru remubatanidzwa unozivikanwa seGerman Confederation rakanga riri Frankfurt am Main. Muhafu yechipiri bedzi yezana ramakore rechi 18 apo muitiro wokubatanazve kweGermany wakavamba, uye muna 1871, pashure pehondo neAustria, Prussia yakamedza rutivi rwose rwokuchamhembe rweGermany. Musi waNdira 1888, 47, mushure mehondo neFrance, Humambo hweGerman hwakagadzirwa nePrussia sechikamu chayo chakasimba. Wilhelm I weHohenzollern ndiye akanga ari mambo wokutanga weGermany (madzimambo ekare aiva nezita rokuremekedza madzimambo eRoma), uye Otto von Bismarck akanga ari mutungamiriri, kana kuti mutungamiriri wehurumende. Humambo hutsva hwakadaidzwa zviri pamutemo kuti Deutsches Reich, asi zvisina kufanira kunzi Second German Reich. Muna 1918, Frederick III akava mambo wechipiri weGermany kwemwedzi mishomanana, uye nokukurumidza akatsiviwa naWilhelm II. Kubudirira kweumambo hutsva kwakatora makore XNUMX chete, uye muna XNUMX kudada netariro zveGermany zvakavigwa zvakare. Iyo Weimar Republic yairatidzika kune yaida chinzvimbo kuGermany chete chimiro chenyika iri kure nemasimba makuru, ayo pasina kupokana aive Humambo Hutsvene hweRoma kubva muzana ramakore rechigumi kusvika rechigumi nematatu (muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX rakatanga kupatsanuka kuita matunhu akabatana). humambo hweOttonian dynasty, ipapo Hohenstaufen uye gare gare umambo hweGerman humambo.

Gaugencollern (1871-1918).

Kutyaira chikoro pane chassis yechiedza tangi Panzer I (Panzerkampfwagen), yekutanga tangi yekugadzira yeTatu Reich.

Kuvakuru vakuru veGermany, vakarerwa kwezvizvarwa zvakati kuti mumweya weumambo uye simba guru, kubuda kwerepublic ine zvematongerwo enyika nemauto mashoma kwakanga kusiri chinhu chinonyadzisa, asi njodzi yakakwana. Germany yakarwa kwemazana emakore akawanda nekuda kwehutongi mukondinendi yeEurope, ichizvifunga pachayo nekuda kwehuwandu hwekuvapo kwayo mugari wenhaka yeHumambo hweRoma, iyo inotungamira simba reEurope, uko dzimwe nyika dzinongova nharaunda yemusango, zvekuti zvaive zvakaoma kwavari kufungidzira. kudzikisira kunonyadzisa kuita basa reimwe rudzi rwepakati. Saka, kurudziro yevakuru veGerman kuti vawedzere masimba ekurwa emauto avo aive akakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura ayo evakawanda vanochengetedza mapurisa edzimwe nyika dzeEurope.

Reichswehr

Mushure meHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, mauto eGermany (Deutsche Heer naKaiserliche Marine) akaparara. Mamwe emasoja nevakuru vakadzokera kumba mushure mekuziviswa kwekumisa pfuti, vachisiya basa, vamwe vakabatana neFreikorps, i.e. maumbirwo okuzvidira, eunyanyisi akaedza kuponesa zvakasara zvehumambo hwakaputsika kwavaigona - kumabvazuva, mukurwisa maBolshevik. Mapoka asina kurongeka akadzokera kumauto ehondo kuGermany, uye kumabvazuva, vaPoles vakabvisa zvombo zvishoma uye vakakunda zvishoma mauto eGermany akaora mwoyo muhondo (somuenzaniso, muKumukira kweWielkopolska).

Musi waKurume 6, 1919, mauto eumambo akabviswa zviri pamutemo, uye munzvimbo yavo, Gurukota rezvekudzivirirwa, Gustav Noske akagadza uto idzva reRepublican, Reichswehr. Pakutanga, Reichswehr yakanga ine varume vanenge 400. murume, izvo chero zvakadaro waiva mumvuri wekare mauto eMambo, asi nokukurumidza yaifanira kuderedzwa kusvika 100 1920 vanhu. Iyi nyika yakasvikwa neReichswehr pakati pe 1872. Mutungamiriri weReichswehr (Chef der Heeresleitung) aive Major General Walter Reinhardt (1930-1920), akatsiva Colonel General Johannes Friedrich "Hans" von Seeckt (1866-1936) mu March XNUMX.

Muna 1928, kondirakiti yakasainwa naDaimler-Benz, Krupp naRheinmetall-Borsig kuti vavake tangi rechiedza. Kambani imwe neimwe yaifanira kuita makopi maviri.

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika I, General Hans von Seeckt vakashanda seMukuru weVashandi veMarshal August von Mackensen's 11th Army, vachirwa muna 1915 kuEastern Front mudunhu reTarnow neGorlice, ndokuzorwa neSerbia kozoti Romania - vachikunda mishandirapamwe yese. Pakarepo hondo yapera, akatungamirira kubviswa kwemauto eGermany kubva kuPoland, iyo yakanga yawanazve rusununguko rwayo. Mushure mekugadzwa pachinzvimbo chitsva, Colonel-General Hans von Seeckt akatora nechido chikuru sangano remauto akagadzirira kurwa, enyanzvi, achitsvaga mukana wekuwana hunyanzvi hwekurwa hwemauto aripo.

Danho rekutanga rakanga riri repamusoro-soro hunyanzvi - kutarisa pakuwana danho repamusoro-soro rekudzidziswa kwevashandi vese, kubva kune vakazvimirira kusvika kuvakuru vemauto. Mauto aifanira kudzidziswa mumweya wekare, wePrussia weanogumbura, sezvo, maererano navon Seeckt, chimiro chechisimba chete, chehasha chaigona kuvimbisa kukunda nekukunda mauto emurwi anogona kurwisa Germany. Chechipiri chaive chekushongedza mauto nezvombo zvakanakisa, sechikamu chechibvumirano, "kukotama" pese pazvinogoneka. Paivawo nehurukuro yakawanda muReichswehr pamusoro pezvikonzero zvekukundwa muHondo Yenyika Yekutanga uye mhedziso dzinogona kutorwa kubva pane izvi. Zvaingove zvichipesana nemashure emakakatanwa aya ndipo pakamuka nhaurirano pamusoro pepfungwa nyowani dzehondo padanho rehungwaru uye rekushanda, rakanangana nekugadzira dzidziso itsva, yechimurenga yechiuto yaizopa Reichswehr mukana wakajeka pamusoro pevapikisi vakasimba asi vanochengetedza.

Mufananidzo wakagadzirwa naKrupp. Makambani ese ari maviri akasikwa pamuenzaniso weGerman LK II light tank (1918), iyo yakarongerwa kuiswa mukugadzirwa kwe serial.

Mundima yedzidziso yehondo, General von Seeckt vakacherechedza kuti hurongwa hukuru, hunorema hwakagadzirwa nemauto ane simba hwakaunganidzwa hahushandi uye hunoda zvinhu zvinogara zvichishandiswa. Uto diki, rakanyatsodzidziswa rakapa tariro yekuti rinogona kufamba zvakanyanya, uye nyaya dzerutsigiro dzingave nyore kugadzirisa. Chiitiko chaVon Seeckt muHondo Yenyika Yekutanga kumiganhu uko mashandiro aifambiswa zvishoma pane kumberi kwakaoma chando kuMadokero munzvimbo imwe chete zvakamukurudzira kutsvaga nzira dzekugadzirisa dambudziko reukuru hwenhamba hwemuvengi mukufamba padanho rehungwaru uye rekushanda. . Kukurumidza, kwakasimba kufambisa kwaifanirwa kupa mukana wenzvimbo uye kushandisa mikana - iyo isina simba mapoinzi emuvengi, achibvumira kubuda kwemitsara yake yekudzivirira, uyezve zviito zvine tsigiro pakadzika kwedziviriro yakanangana nekuremadza kumashure kwemuvengi. . Kuti ukwanise kushanda zvinobudirira mumamiriro ekufamba kwepamusoro, zvikwata pamatanho ese anofanirwa kudzora kuwirirana pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzezvombo (vacheche, vatasvi vemabhiza, artillery, sappers uye kutaurirana). Pamusoro pezvo, mauto anofanirwa kunge akashongedzerwa nezvombo zvichibva pakuvandudzwa kweruzivo rwechizvino-zvino. Pasinei neimwe conservatism mukufunga (von Seeckt akanga asiri mutsigiri wekuchinja kwakanyanya mune tekinoroji uye kurongeka kwemauto, aitya njodzi yezvisarudzo zvisina kuongororwa), aive von Seeckt akaisa hwaro hwemafambiro emangwana ebudiriro. mauto eGermany. Kare muna 1921, pasi pehutsigiro hwake muReichswehr, rairo "Raira uye kurwisa zvakasanganiswa zvombo zvemaoko" (Führung und Gefecht der Verbundenen Waffen; FuG) yakapihwa. Murairo uyu, simbiso yaive pazviito zvinogumbura, zvine tsigiro, zvisingatarisirwi uye nekukurumidza, zvakanangana nemativi maviri kunze kufuratira muvengi kana kunyange nedivi rimwe divi kuitira kuti amubvise pane zvekushandisa uye kudzikisira kamuri yake yekufambisa. Zvisinei, von Seeckt haana kuzeza kupa kufambisa basa iri kuburikidza nekushandisa zvombo zvitsva zvakaita sematangi kana ndege. Panyaya iyi, akanga ari tsika. Asi, aifarira kuwana dhigirii yepamusoro yekudzidziswa, rusununguko rwehunyanzvi uye kubatana kwakakwana sevanovimbisa hunyanzvi, hune hunyanzvi hwekuita nemafambisirwo ekushandisa vachishandisa nzira dzechinyakare dzehondo. Maonero ake akagoverwa nevakuru vakuru veReichswehr, vakadai saGeneral Friedrich von Theisen (1866-1940), ane zvinyorwa zvakatsigira maonero aGeneral von Seeckt.

General Hans von Seeckt akanga asiri mutsigiri wekuchinja kwehunyanzvi hwekuchinja uye, zvakare, aisada kufumura Germany kukudzorera kweAllied muchiitiko chekutyorwa kwakajeka kwezvisungo zveChibvumirano cheVersailles, asi kare muna 1924 akaraira mukuru mukuru. yekudzidza nekudzidzisa maitiro ezvombo.

Pamusoro pa von Seeckt, zvakakodzera kuti titaure mamwe ma theorists maviri eWeimar Republic akapesvedzera kuumbwa kwemufungo weGerman wenguva iyoyo. Joachim von Shtulpnagel (1880-1968; kuti arege kuvhiringidzwa nemamwe mazita ane mukurumbira-Generals Otto von Shtulpnagel naKarl-Genrich von Shtulpnagel, vazukuru avo vaigara vachiraira mauto eGermany muFrance yakatorwa muna 1940-1942 uye 1942) - - Muna 1944, akatungamirira Operational Council of the Truppenamt, i.e. mutungamiriri weReichswehr, uye akazobata zvinzvimbo zvakasiyana-siyana: kubva kumukuru wemauto evacheche muna 1922 kusvika kumukuru weuto reWehrmacht reserve kubva muna 1926 aine chinzvimbo chemukuru wemauto. Akadzingwa muuto mushure mekutsoropodza hurongwa hwaHitler muna 1926, Joachim von Stülpnagel, mutsigiri wehondo yemafoni, akapinza muGerman zano rekufunga zano rekudzidzisa nzanga yese mumweya wekugadzirira hondo. Akatoenderera mberi - aive mutsigiri wekusimudzira mauto uye nzira dzekuita mashandiro ebato kuseri kwemitsara yevavengi vaizorwisa Germany. Akaronga iyo inodaidzwa kuti Volkkrieg - hondo ye "vanhu", umo vagari vese, vakagadzirirwa mutsika munguva yerunyararo, vaizotarisana nemuvengi zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga - nekubatanidzwa mukutambudzwa kwevapato. Chete mushure mekunge mauto evavengi aneta nehondo dzemagandanga, kana kurwadziswa kwemauto makuru enguva dzose kwaizoitika, ayo, achishandisa kufamba, kumhanya uye simba remoto, aifanira kukunda mauto asina simba evavengi, munharaunda yavo uye munharaunda yevavengi, panguva yekutsvaga muvengi ari kutiza. Chinhu chekurwisa kwakasimba pamauto evavengi asina simba chaive chikamu chakakosha chepfungwa ya von Stulpnagel. Nekudaro, iyi pfungwa haina kugadzirwa muReichswehr kana muWehrmacht.

Wilhelm Gröner (1867-1939), mukuru weGermany, akashanda mumabasa akasiyana-siyana evashandi munguva yehondo, asi muna March 1918 akava mutungamiriri we26th Army Corps, iyo yakatora Ukraine, uye gare gare mukuru wemauto. Musi wa1918 Gumiguru 1920, Erich Ludendorff paakadzingwa pachigaro cheMutevedzeri Mukuru weGeneral Staff, akatsiviwa naGeneral Wilhelm Groener. Akanga asina zvinzvimbo zvepamusoro muReichswehr uye muna 1928 akasiya mauto aine chinzvimbo chemukuru mukuru. Akapinda mune zvematongerwo enyika, achiita, kunyanya, mabasa eMinister of Transport. Pakati paNdira 1932 naMay XNUMX, aive Gurukota rezvekudzivirirwa reWeimar Republic.

Wilhelm Groener akagovera maonero avon Seeckt ekuti zviito zveushingi uye zvekukurumidza zvinogumbura zvinogona kutungamira mukuparadzwa kwemauto evavengi uye, nekudaro, mukukunda. Kurwa kwaifanira kuchinjika kuitira kudzivirira muvengi kuvaka dziviriro yakasimba. Zvisinei, Wilhelm Groener akaunzawo chimwe chinhu chitsva chekugadzirisa zvirongwa zvevaGermany - urongwa uhwu hwakanga huchibva pahutano hwehupfumi hwehurumende. Akatenda kuti mauto anofanirwa kufungawo nezvemikana yehupfumi yemumba kuitira kudzivirira kupera kwezviwanikwa. Zviito zvake, zvine chinangwa chekutonga kwakasimba kwemari pamusoro pekutenga kwemauto, zvisinei, hazvina kusangana nekunzwisisa kubva kumauto, aitenda kuti zvese zviri muhurumende zvinofanirwa kuve pasi pesimba rekudzivirira uye, kana zvichidikanwa, vagari vanofanirwa kunge vakagadzirira kutakura. mutoro wezvombo. Vatsivi vake muDhipatimendi reDziviriro havana kugovera maonero ake ehupfumi. Sezvineiwo, Wilhelm Gröner akapawo chiono chake cheuto reGerman remangwana rine vatasvi vemabhiza vane mota yakazara nemauto ane zvombo, pamwe nevarwi vetsoka vane zvombo zvemazuva ano zvekurwisa matangi. Pasi pake, mafambisirwo ekuedza akatanga kuitwa nehukuru (kunyangwe kutevedzera) kushandiswa kwepamusoro-kumhanya mafomu. Chimwe chezviitwa izvi chakaitwa mushure mekunge Groener asiya basa rake, munaGunyana 1932, mudunhu reFrankfurt an der Oder. Rutivi rwe "blue", mudziviriri, akarairwa naLieutenant General Gerd von Rundstedt (1875-1953), mukuru we3rd Infantry Division kubva kuBerlin, nepo divi rinorwisa, rakashongedzerwa zvakanyanya nevatasvi vemabhiza, mota uye mauto ehondo (kunze kwevatasvi vemabhiza. , inonyanya kuenzanisirwa, inomiririrwa nezvikwata zviduku zvemotokari) - Lieutenant General Fedor von Bock, mukuru we2 Infantry Division kubva kuSzczecin. Aya maekisesaizi airatidza kuomerwa mukufambisa akasanganiswa mauto emabhiza nemota; mushure mekupedzwa kwavo, maGermany haana kuedza kugadzira zvikwata zvevatasvi vemabhiza, izvo zvakasikwa muU.SR, uye chikamu muU.SA.

Kurt von Schleicher (1882-1934), zvakare mukuru wemauto akagara muReichswehr kusvika 1932, akashanda seGurukota reDziviriro kubva munaChikumi 1932 kusvika Ndira 1933, uye kwenguva pfupi (Zvita 1932–Ndira 1933) aivewo Chancellor weGermany. Mutendi akasimba mune zvombo zvakavanzika, zvisinei nemutengo. Wekutanga uye wega "Nazi" Gurukota rezvekudzivirirwa (Gurukota reHondo kubva muna 1935), Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg, akatarisa shanduko yeReichswehr muWehrmacht, achitarisira kuwedzera kukuru kwemauto eGerman, zvisinei nemutengo we process. . Werner von Blomberg akaramba ari pachinzvimbo chake kubva muna Ndira 1933 kusvika Ndira 1938, apo Hofisi yeHondo yakabviswa zvachose, uye muna Kukadzi 4, 1938, Wehrmacht High Command (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht) yakagadzwa, ichitungamirwa neArtillery General Wilhelm Keitel. (kubva muna Chikunguru 1940 - field marshal).

Vekutanga veGerman vagadziri vezvombo

Anonyanya kuzivikanwa weGerman theorist yemazuva ano nharembozha ndiColonel General Heinz Wilhelm Guderian (1888-1954), munyori webhuku rine mukurumbira Achtung-Panzer! die Entwicklung der Panzerwaffe, ihre Kampftaktik und ihre operan Möglichkeiten” (Attention, tanks! Kuvandudzwa kwemauto ezvombo, mazano avo uye mano okushanda), rakabudiswa muStuttgart muna 1937. Kutaura idi, zvisinei, pfungwa yeGermany yokushandisa mauto ane zvombo muhondo muhondo. rakagadzirwa sebasa remubatanidzwa vazhinji vashoma vanozivikanwa uye zvino vakanganwa theorists. Uyezve, munguva yekutanga - kusvika 1935 - vakaita mupiro wakakura mukusimudzira mauto eGerman ane zvombo kupfuura iye mukuru wenguva iyoyo, uye gare gare Major Heinz Guderian. Akaona tangi kekutanga muna 1929 muSweden uye zvisati zvaitika aisafarira mauto ezvombo. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti panguva iyi Reichswehr akanga atorayira muchivande matangi ayo maviri okutanga, uye Guderian kutora chikamu mukuita izvi akanga zero. Kuongororwazve kwebasa rake pamwe kwakabatana zvakanyanya nekuverenga memoirs yake inoverengwa zvakanyanya "Erinnerungen eines Soldaten" ("Memoirs of a Soldier"), yakabudiswa muna 1951, uye iyo kusvika pamwero wakati inogona kufananidzwa nememoirs yaMarshal Georgy Zhukov "Memoirs. uye Reflections ”(Memories of a Soldier) muna 1969 - nekukudza zvavakawana. Uye kunyange zvazvo Heinz Guderian pasina mubvunzo akaita mupiro mukuru mukusimudzirwa kwemauto eGermany, zvakakosha kutaura avo vakaputirwa nenhema dzake uye vakadzingwa kubva mundangariro yevanyori vezvakaitika kare.

Matangi anorema aive akafanana nechitarisiko, asi akasiyana mumagadzirirwo ekutapurirana, kumiswa uye kutungamira system. Mufananidzo wepamusoro ndeye Krupp prototype, iyo yepasi foto ndeye Rheinmetall-Borsig.

Wekutanga kuzivikanwa weGerman theorist of armored operations aiva Lieutenant (gare gare Lieutenant Colonel) Ernst Volkheim (1898-1962), akashanda muKaiser uto kubva 1915, akasimuka kusvika pachinzvimbo chekutanga chemukuru muna 1916. Kubva 1917 akashanda ari muuto rezvombo, uye kubva muna Kubvumbi 1918 akapinda basa mumauto ekutanga eGerman. Saka akanga ari tanker munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, uye muReichswehr itsva akapiwa basa rekutakura - Kraftfahrtruppe. Muna 1923 akaendeswa kuInspectorate yeTransport Service, kwaakadzidza kushandisa matangi muhondo dzemazuva ano. Nechekare muna 1923, bhuku rake rokutanga, Die deutschen Kampfwagen im Weltkriege (matangi eGermany muHondo Yenyika Yokutanga), rakabudiswa muBerlin, umo akataura nezvechiitiko chekushandisa matangi munhandare yehondo, uye ruzivo rwake pachake semukuru wekambani. zvaibatsirawo. matangi muna 1918. Kwapera gore, bhuku rake rechipiri, Der Kampfwagen in der heutigen Kriegführung (Matangi muhondo yemazuva ano), rakabudiswa, iro rinogona kutorwa sebasa rekutanga redzidziso yeGerman pakushandiswa kwemauto ehondo muhondo dzemazuva ano. Munguva iyi, muReichswehr, mauto evacheche akanga achiri kuonekwa sesimba guru rinorova, uye matangi - nzira yekutsigira nekudzivirira zviito zvevacheche pamwe chete nemauto einjiniya kana kutaurirana. Ernst Volkheim akapikisa kuti matangi akanga asingatarisirwi muGermany kare munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga uye kuti mauto ezvombo aigona kuumba simba guru rinorova, asi vacheche vaitevera matangi, vakatora nzvimbo uye vakabatanidza izvo zvakaitwa. Volkheim akashandisawo nharo yekuti kana matangi aive asina kukosha munhandare yehondo, saka nei maAllies akarambidza maGerman kuva nawo? Akatenda kuti matangi ekugadzira aigona kumira chero rudzi rwemauto evavengi panyika uye aigona kushandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana. Sekureva kwake, mhando huru yemotokari yehondo yehondo inofanirwa kunge iri yepakati-huremu tangi, iyo, ichichengetedza kufamba kwayo munhandare yehondo, yaizove yakashongedzerwa nepfuti inokwanisa kuparadza chero zvinhu munhandare yehondo, kusanganisira matangi evavengi. Nezvekudyidzana pakati pematangi nevacheche, Ernst Volkheim akataura akashinga kuti matangi anofanirwa kunge ari simba ravo guru rinorova uye varwi vanofanira kunge vari chombo chavo chikuru chechipiri. MuReichswehr, umo mauto evacheche aifanirwa kutonga munhandare yehondo, maonero akadaro - nezvebasa rekubatsira revacheche maererano nemaitiro ezvombo - akadudzirwa senhema.

Muna 1925, Lieutenant Volkheim akagamuchirwa kuchikoro chevakuru muDresden, kwaakadzidzisa nezvemaitiro ezvombo. Mugore rimwe chetero, bhuku rake rechitatu, Der Kampfwagen und Abwehr dagegen (Matangi uye anti-tank dziviriro), rakabudiswa, iro raikurukura nezvemaitiro ematangi ematangi. Mubhuku rino, akataurawo maonero ekuti kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji kuchabvumira kugadzirwa kwekukurumidza, kwakavimbika, kwakashongedzwa nezvombo matangi ane hunyanzvi hwekuyambuka nyika. Vakashongedzerwa neredhiyo kuti vazvidzore zvinobudirira, vanozokwanisa kushanda vakazvimiririra kubva kumauto makuru, vachitora manouver warfare kusvika kumwero mutsva. Akanyorawo kuti mune ramangwana zvichave zvichibvira kukudziridza mutsara wose wezvombo zvemotokari zvakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa mabasa akasiyana-siyana. Vaifanira kuchengetedza zviito zvematangi, semuenzaniso, nekutakura varwi, vane simba rakafanana rekuyambuka-nyika uye nekumhanya kwakafanana kwekuita. Mubhuku rake idzva, akataurawo nezvekudiwa kwevacheche "vakajairika" kuronga dziviriro inoshanda yekudzivirira tangi - nekutora boka rakakodzera, kuvharidzira uye kuisirwa pfuti dzinokwanisa kuparadza matangi munzira dzakatarwa dzematangi evavengi. Akasimbisawo kukosha kwekudzidziswa kwevacheche maererano nekuchengetedza kudzikama uye hunhu kana uchisangana nematangi evavengi.

Muna 1932-1933, Captain Volkheim akanga ari murayiridzi pachikoro cheKazan Soviet-German, apo akadzidzisawo mauto eSoviet. Panguva imwecheteyo, akabudisawo zvinyorwa zvakawanda mu "Tygodnik Wojskowy" (Militär Wochenblatt). Muna 1940 akanga ari mukuru wePanzer-Abteilung ZbV 40 tank battalion inoshanda muNorway, uye muna 1941 akava mukuru wechikoro chePanzertruppenschule muWünsdorf, kwaakagara kusvikira 1942, paakarega basa.

Pasinei nekupikiswa kwekutanga, maonero aVolkheim akatanga kuwana nzvimbo yakaorera muReichswehr, uye pakati peavo vakagovana maonero ake aive Colonel Werner von Fritsch (1888-1939; kubva muna 1932 mukuru wemauto, kubva muna Kukadzi 1934 mukuru wemauto. the Land Forces (Obeerkommando des Heeres; OKH) ane chinzvimbo cheLieutenant General, uye pakupedzisira colonel general, pamwe nemukuru mukuru Werner von Blomberg (1878-1946; gare gare field marshal), aive mukuru wekudzidziswa kweReichswehr, kubva muna 1933. Gurukota reHondo, uye kubva muna 1935 zvakare Mutungamiriri Mukuru wekutanga weGerman Armed Forces (Wehrmacht, OKW) Maonero avo, hongu, akange asina kunyanyisa, asi ese ari maviri akatsigira kuvandudzwa kwemauto ehondo - seimwe yezvishandiso zvakawanda. kusimbisa boka rinovhundutsa remauto eGerman Mune chimwe chezvinyorwa zvake muMilitär Wochenblatt, Werner von Fritsch akanyora kuti matangi angangove chombo chinogadzirisa padanho rekushanda uye kubva padanho rekushanda anozoshanda zvakanyanya kana akarongwa mukati. mahombe akadai semabrigade ane zvombo. Zvakare, Werner von Blomberg muna Gumiguru 1927 akagadzira mirairo yekudzidzisa mauto ezvombo akange asipo panguva iyoyo. Guderian mumemoirs yake anopomera vese vakuru vemauto vari pamusoro apa nezve conservatism kana zvasvika pakushandiswa kwemauto anokurumidza, asi ichi hachisi chokwadi - kungooma kwakaoma kwaGuderian, kugadzikana kwake uye kutsoropodza kusingaperi kwevakuru vake kuti muhupenyu hwake hwese hwehondo. vakuru vake vakambonetsekana. Chero ani zvake asina kubvumirana naye zvizere, Guderian akapomera mumirangariro yake yekudzokera shure uye kusanzwisisa kwemitemo yehondo yemazuva ano.

Major (akazove Major General) Ritter Ludwig von Radlmeier (1887-1943) aive mukuru mu10th Bavarian Infantry Regiment kubva muna 1908, uye pakupera kwehondo aivewo mukuru mumauto eGerman. Mushure mehondo, akadzokera kuvarwi, asi muna 1924 akapiwa kune imwe yemauto manomwe ekutakura eReichswehr - wechinomwe (Bayerischen) Kraftfahr-Abteilung. Aya mabheti akaumbwa maererano neReichswehr's organisation charts, yakagadzirwa maererano neChibvumirano cheVersailles, nechinangwa chekupa mapoka evacheche. Zvisinei, chaizvoizvo, vakave maumbirwo emagetsi epasi rose, sezvo boka ravo remotokari dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva kumarori ehukuru hwakasiyana kusvika kune midhudhudhu uye kunyange shoma (inobvumirwa nechibvumirano) motokari dzehondo, dzakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukuedza kwekutanga nekugadzirwa kwemagetsi. Mauto. Aive mabheti aya airatidza mhando dzematangi anoshandiswa muReichswehr kudzidziswa mukudzivirira tangi, pamwe nekudzidzira maitiro emauto ane zvombo. Kune rimwe divi, maofficial ane ruzivo rwekare nemichina (kusanganisira aimbove matangi emambo) vakapinda mumabheti aya, uye kune rimwewo, mapurisa kubva kune mamwe mapazi emauto, kuti varangwe. Mupfungwa dzemukuru weGerman, mauto ekutakura mota aive, kusvika pamwero wakati, vatsivi veKaiser's rolling stock services. Maererano nemweya weuto rePrussia, mukuru mukuru aifanira kuita basa rinoremekedzwa mumapoka, uye makaravhani aitumirwa sechirango, ichi chakadudzirwa sechimwe chinhu pakati pechirango chenguva dzose chokuranga nedare redzimhosva. Neraki reReichswehr, mufananidzo weaya mabheti ekutakura mota waichinja zvishoma nezvishoma, pamwe nemafungiro kune aya emashure mayuniti sembeu dzemangwana mechanisation yeuto.

Muna 1930, Major von Radlmayer akaendeswa kune Inspectorate yeTransport Service. Munguva iyi, ndiko kuti, muna 1925-1933, akaramba achienda kuUnited States, achisangana neAmerica kubudirira mumunda wekuvaka tangi uye kusikwa kwezvombo zvekutanga. Major von Radlmeier akaunganidza ruzivo rweReichswehr pamusoro pekuvandudzwa kwemauto ehondo kune dzimwe nyika, achivapa mhedziso yake pamusoro pekuvandudzwa kwemauto eGermany. Kubva 1930, Major von Radlmayer akanga ari mukuru weKama chikoro chemauto ehondo muKazan muU.SR (Direktor der Kampfwagenschule "Kama"). Muna 1931 akatsiviwa nemukuru. Josef Harpe (mukuru we5th Panzer Army munguva yeHondo Yenyika II) uye "akabviswa" nevakuru vake kubva kuInspectorate yeTransport Service. Chete muna 1938 akagadzwa mutungamiriri wechitanhatu uye ipapo wechishanu mauto brigades, uye muna February 6 akava mukuru wechina Armored Division. Akabviswa pakuraira muna Chikumi 5 apo boka rake rakasungwa nedziviriro dzeFrance paLille; akaenda pamudyandigere muna 1940 ndokufa

nekuda kwechirwere muna 1943.

Major Oswald Lutz (1876-1944) angave asina kunge ari nyanzvi mupfungwa yakasimba yezwi, asi chaizvoizvo akanga ari iye, uye kwete Guderian, uyo akanga ari "baba" veGermany mauto ehondo. Kubva 1896, sapper mukuru, panguva yeHondo Yenyika 21 akashanda muchitima mauto. Mushure mehondo, aive mukuru webasa rekutakura re7th Infantry Brigade, uye mushure mekugadziriswazve kweReichswehr, maererano nezvinodiwa zveChibvumirano cheVersailles, akava mutungamiriri we1927th transport battalion, umo ( nenzira, sechirango) zvakare chivharo. Heinz Guderian. Muna 1, Lutz akatamira kudzimbahwe reArmy Group Nhamba 1931 muBerlin, uye muna 1936 akava mutarisiri wemauto anotakura vanhu. Mukuru wake wevashandi aiva Major Heinz Guderian; vose vakakurumidza kusimudzirwa: Oswald Lutz kuva mukuru mukuru, uye Guderian kuva lieutenant colonel. Oswald Lutz akabata chinzvimbo chake kusvika Kukadzi 1938, paakagadzwa semutungamiriri wemauto ekutanga eWehrmacht, 1936 Army Corps. Retired at 1 year old. Muna 1935 Colonel Werner Kempf paakava mutsivi wake muInspectorate, chinzvimbo chake chaitonzi Inspekteur der Kraftfahrkampftruppen und für Heeresmotorisierung, kureva, muongorori webasa rekutakura uye mota yeuto. Oswald Lutz ndiye aive mukuru wekutanga kugamuchira chinzvimbo che "general of the armored forces" (November XNUMX XNUMX), uye nechikonzero ichi chete anogona kunzi "yekutanga tanker yeWehrmacht". Sezvatatotaura, Lutz akanga asiri nyanzvi yezvidzidzo, asi murongi uye mutungamiriri - zvaive pasi pehutungamiriri hwake hwakananga kuti mapoka ekutanga eGermany tank akasika.

Heinz Guderian - chiratidzo chemauto eGerman mauto

Heinz Wilhelm Guderian akaberekwa muna Chikumi 17, 1888 muChelmno paVistula, mune yaimbove East Prussia, mumhuri yemukuru mukuru. Muna Kukadzi 1907 akave cadet ye10th Hanoverian Egrov battalion, akarairwa nababa vake, lieutenant. Friedrich Guderian, gore rakatevera akazova lieutenant wechipiri. Muna 1912, aida kunyoresa muchina pfuti makosi, asi nezano rababa vake - panguva iyoyo akanga atova mutungamiriri. makuru uye vatungamiri 35. Infantry brigades - vakapedza kosi yeredhiyo yekukurukurirana. Maredhiyo aimiririra iyo yepamusoro tekinoroji yemauto panguva iyoyo, uye iyi ndiyo nzira iyo Heinz Guderian akawana ruzivo rwakakosha rwehunyanzvi. Muna 1913, akatanga kudzidziswa paMilitary Academy muBerlin semudiki kadheti (pakati pavo paiva, kunyanya, Eric Manstein). Paacademy, Guderian akapesvedzerwa zvikuru nemumwe wevadzidzisi, Colonel Prince Rüdiger von der Goltz. Kutanga kweHondo Yenyika Yekutanga kwakakanganisa kudzidziswa kwaGuderian, uyo akaendeswa ku5th Radio Communications Unit. Chikamu chevatasvi vemabhiza chakatora chikamu mukutanga kweGermany kufambira mberi kuburikidza neArdennes kupinda muFrance. Chiitiko chishoma chevakuru vakuru veImperial Army chaireva kuti chikwata cheGuderian chakanga chisina kushandiswa. Munguva yekudzoka kubva kuHondo yeMarne munaGunyana 1914, Guderian akapotsa atorwa neFrance apo simba rake rose rakapunzika mumusha weBethenville. Mushure mechiitiko ichi, akatumirwa ku4th Army's communications department kuFlanders, kwaakaona maGerman ekushandisa gasi remasitadhi paYpres muna Kubvumbi 1914. Mugove wake wakatevera wakanga uri wedhipatimendi reungwaru redzimbahwe rechishanu. Mauto anorwa pedyo neVerdun. Hondo yekuparadza (materialschlacht) yakaita fungidziro huru paGuderian. Mumusoro make maive nekutenda pamusoro pehukuru hwezviito zvekufambisa, izvo zvaigona kubatsira mukukundwa kwemuvengi nenzira inobudirira kupfuura kuuraya kwemugero. Pakati-5 kubva. Guderian akaendeswa kune Yechina Yemauto Headquarters muFlanders, zvakare kune chikamu chekucherekedza. Apa aiva muna September 1916. chapupu (kunyangwe isiri chapupu chakaona) kune kwekutanga kushandiswa kwematangi neBritish paHondo yeSomme. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kuita zvakawanda pamusoro pake - saka haana kuteerera matangi sechombo chemangwana. Muna Kubvumbi 4, paHondo yeAisne, akacherechedza kushandiswa kwematangi eFrance semuongorori, asi zvakare haana kukwezva zvakanyanya. Muna February 1916 kubva. Mushure mekupedza kosi yakakodzera, Guderian akava mukuru weGeneral Staff, uye muna Chivabvu 1917 - quartermaster yeXXXVIII Reserve Corps, yaakatora naye muchirimo chinogumbura mauto eGerman, ayo akakurumidza kumiswa neAllies. Nekufarira kukuru, Guderian akatarisa kushandiswa kweboka idzva rekurwisa reGerman - stormtroopers, vakanyatsodzidziswa varwi vetsoka kuti vadambure mitsetse yevavengi nemauto madiki, nerutsigiro rushoma. Pakati paSeptember 1918, Captain Guderian akapiwa basa rekubatana pakati pemauto eGermany neAustro-Hungarian mauto achirwa kuItaly.

Muna 1928, battalion yetangi yakaumbwa kubva kune yakatengwa Strv m / 21. Guderian akamira ipapo muna 1929, zvichida kusangana kwake kwekutanga nematangi.

Hondo ichangopera, Guderian akaramba ari muuto, uye muna 1919 akatumirwa - semumiriri weGeneral Staff - ku "Iron Division" Freikorps (muGerman anozvipira kuumbwa akarwa kumabvazuva kuti amise miganhu yakanaka kwazvo. Germany) achitungamirwa naMajor Rüdiger von der Goltz, aimbova mudzidzisi wake paMilitary Academy. Boka racho rakarwa nevaBolshevik muBaltic, rakatapa Riga ndokuramba richirwa muLatvia. Hurumende yeWeimar Republic payakagamuchira Chibvumirano cheVersailles muzhizha ra1919, yakaraira mauto eFreikorps kuti abve muLatvia neLithuania, asi Iron Division haina kuteerera. Captain Guderian, panzvimbo yekuzadzisa mabasa ake ekutonga panzvimbo yemurairo weReichswehr, akatsigira von Goltz. Nokuda kwekusateerera uku, akaendeswa kune 10th brigade yeReichswehr itsva semukuru wekambani, uye munaJanuary 1922 - sechikamu chekuwedzera "kuoma" - akaendeswa kuBatalion yechinomwe yekufambisa motokari. Captain Guderian akanzwisisa mirairo panguva ye7 coup muMunich (nzvimbo yehondo)

kure nezvematongerwo enyika.

Ndichiri kushanda mubattalion inorairwa nemukuru uye gare gare refutenendi. Oswald Lutz, Guderian akatanga kufarira zvekufambisa zvemagetsi senzira yekuwedzera kufamba kwemauto. Muzvinyorwa zvakati wandei muMilitär Wochenblatt, akanyora nezve mukana wekutakura varwi vetsoka nemarori kuti vawedzere kufamba kwavo munhandare yehondo. Pane imwe nguva, akatokurudzira kushandura mapoka evatasvi vemabhiza aivapo kuti ave mapoka emotokari, izvo, zvechokwadi, zvisingafadzi kune vatasvi vemabhiza.

Muna 1924, Kaputeni Guderian akapihwa 2nd Infantry Division muSzczecin, kwaaive murairidzi mune zvehunyanzvi uye nhoroondo yemauto. Basa idzva rakamanikidza Guderian kuti adzidze zvose zviri zviviri zvidzidzo izvi zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti ave nebasa rake gare gare. Munguva iyi, akave mutsigiri anokura wekugadzira michina, iyo yaakaona senzira yekuwedzera mafambisirwo emauto. Muna January 1927, Guderian akakwidziridzwa kuva mukuru, uye muna October akatumirwa kubazi rezvekutakurwa reDhipatimendi Rokushanda reTruppenamt. Muna 1929, akashanyira Sweden, apo kekutanga muupenyu hwake akasangana tangi - Swedish M21. VeSweden vakatomurega achitungamira. Zvingangodaro, kubva panguva ino kwakatanga kufarira kwaGuderian mumatangi.

Apo muchirimo cha1931, Major General Oswald Lutz akava mukuru webasa rekufambisa, akatora mukuru. Guderian semukuru wevashandi, pasina nguva akakwidziridzwa kuita lieutenant colonel. Chakanga chiri chikwata ichi chakaronga mapoka ekutanga ezvombo zveGermany. Zvisinei, zvinokosha kuti tiyeuke kuti ndiani aiva mukuru uye aiva pasi pake.

Muna Gumiguru 1935, pakaumbwa mapoka ekutanga ezvombo, Transport Service Inspectorate yakashandurwa kuita Transport and Mechanisation Inspectorate (Inspektion der Kraftfahrkampftruppen und für Heeresmotorisierung). Pakaumbwa mapoka matatu ekutanga ePanzer, Major General Heinz Guderian akagadzwa semutungamiriri we2nd Armored Division. Kusvika panguva iyoyo, ndiko kuti, muna 1931-1935, kugadzirwa kwezvirongwa zvenguva dzose zvezvikamu zvitsva zvezvombo uye kugadzirirwa kwezvibvumirano zvekushandiswa kwavo rakanga riri basa raMajor General (akazotevera Lieutenant General) Oswald Lutz, zvechokwadi nerubatsiro rwaGuderian. .

Mumatsutso a1936, Oswald Lutz akakurudzira Guderian kuti anyore bhuku pamusoro pepfungwa yakabatanidzwa yekushandiswa kwemauto ezvombo. Oswald Lutz akanga asina nguva yekuzvinyora pachake, aibata nezvakawanda zvesangano, zvishandiso uye zvevashandi, ndicho chikonzero akabvunza Guderian nezvazvo. Kunyora bhuku rinoratidza nzvimbo yakagadziridzwa papfungwa yekushandiswa kwemasimba ekukurumidza pasina mubvunzo kwaizounza mbiri kumunyori, asi Lutz aingofunga nezvekuparadzira pfungwa yekugadzira michina uye kurwa hondo dzenharembozha dzakagadzirwa senzira yekupikisa. hukuru hwenhamba yemuvengi. Uku kwaive kugadzira mayunitsi akagadzirwa naOswald Lutz aida kugadzira.

Heinz Guderian akashandisa mubhuku rake akambogadzira manotsi ehurukuro dzake mu2 Infantry Division muSzczecin, kunyanya muchikamu chine chekuita nenhoroondo yekushandiswa kwemauto ehondo munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Akabva ataura pamusoro pezvakaitwa mushure mehondo yekusimudzira mauto ehondo mune dzimwe nyika, kupatsanura chikamu ichi mukubudirira kweunyanzvi, kubudirira kwehungwaru uye kurwisana kwetangi. Kupesana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, akapa - muchikamu chinotevera - kuvandudzwa kwemauto akagadzirwa muGermany kusvika zvino. Muchikamu chinotevera, Guderian anokurukura chiitiko chekurwisa kushandiswa kwematangi muhondo dzinoverengeka dzeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga.

Matangi ePanzer I akabhapatidzwa mukati meHondo Yevagari Vemo yeSpain (1936-1939). Dzakashandiswa muzvikamu zvemberi kusvika muna 1941.

Chikamu chekupedzisira ndicho chakanyanya kukosha, maererano nemisimboti yekushandiswa kwemauto ane michina mukurwisana kwemazuva ano. Muchitsauko chekutanga pamusoro pekudzivirira, Guderian akapikisa kuti chero dziviriro, kunyange yakasimbiswa, inogona kukundwa semugumisiro wekufambisa, sezvo imwe neimwe ine zvayo isina simba apo kubudirira kwemitsara yekudzivirira kunogoneka. Kuenda kuseri kwezvidziviriro zvakamira kunoremadza mauto emuvengi. Guderian haana kuona dziviriro sechiito chekukosha chero muhondo yemazuva ano. Aidavira kuti zviito zvinofanira kuitwa nenzira inochinjika nguva dzose. Akatosarudza kudzoka zvine hungwaru kuti abve pamuvengi, aunganidze mauto ake uye adzokere kumabasa anogumbura. Maonero aya, sezviri pachena akanga asina kururama, akanga ari chikonzero chokuwa kwawo muna December 1941. Apo kurwisa kweGermany kwakamira pamasuwo eMoscow, Hitler akarayira mauto eGermany kuti aende kune dziviriro yekusingaperi, achishandisa misha nemisha senzvimbo dzakakomberedzwa dzokuvaka. Ichi ndicho chakanga chiri chisarudzo chakarurama zvikuru, sezvo chakaita kuti zvibvirire kudeura ropa muvengi nemutengo wakaderera pane uyo asina kubudirira “kurovera musoro kumadziro”. Mauto eGermany akanga asisakwanisi kuenderera mberi nekugumbura nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwekare, kuderedzwa kwakanyanya kwevashandi nemidziyo, kupera kwemashure uye kuneta nyore. Dziviriro yaizoita kuti zvikwanisike kuchengetedza zvakawanikwa, uye panguva imwechete yaizopa nguva yekuzadzazve vashandi nemidziyo yemauto, kudzorera zvinhu, kugadzirisa midziyo yakakuvadzwa, nezvimwewo. Kurongeka kwese uku kwakaitwa nemunhu wese kunze kwemukuru wemauto. Yechipiri Panzer Mauto, Colonel General Heinz Guderian, vakaramba vachidzokera vachipesana nemirairo. Mukuru weMauto Group Center, Field Marshal Günther von Kluge, uyo Guderian anga achinetsana naye kubva pamushandirapamwe wePoland wa2, akatsamwa. Pashure pokumwe kupopotedzana, Guderian akarega, achimirira chikumbiro chokuramba ari pachigaro, icho, zvisinei, chakagamuchirwa navon Klug ndokugamuchirwa naHitler. Akashamisika, Guderian akasvika asina kugadzwa kwemamwe makore maviri uye haana kuzombobata chero basa rekuraira, saka akange asina mukana wekukwidziridzwa kuita field marshal.

Muchitsauko chezvinogumbura, Guderian anonyora kuti simba redziviriro yemazuva ano rinodzivirira vacheche kubva pakupwanya mitsara yevavengi uye kuti tsika dzevacheche dzakarasikirwa nekukosha kwayo panhandare yehondo yemazuva ano. Chete matangi ane pfuti anokwanisa kupaza nedziviriro yemuvengi, kukunda waya ine minzwa nemigero. Mamwe matavi echiuto achaita basa rezvombo zvekubatsira kurwisa matangi, nekuti matangi pachawo ane zvaasingakwanisi. Infantry inotora uye inobata nharaunda, artillery inoparadza muvengi mapoinzi akasimba ekupikisa uye inotsigira zvombo zvematangi mukurwisa mauto evavengi, sappers anobvisa minda yezvimbambaira nezvimwe zvipingamupinyi, kuvaka kuyambuka, uye mayuniti ekutaurirana anofanirwa kupa hutongi hunoshanda pakufamba, sezvo zviito. inofanira kugara yakasununguka. . Ese aya masimba ekutsigira anofanirwa kukwanisa kuperekedza matangi mukurwiswa, saka ivo vanofanirwa kunge vaine midziyo yakakodzera. Nheyo dzekutanga dzematekiniki ekushanda kwetangi kushamisika, kubatanidzwa kwemasimba uye kushandiswa chaiko kwenzvimbo. Sezvineiwo, Guderian haana hanya nekuongororazve, zvichida achitenda kuti boka rematangi rinogona kupwanya chero muvengi. Haana kuona kuti defender yaigonawo kushamisa munhu aimurwisa nekuzvivanza nekuronga

kuvandira kwakakodzera.

Zvinowanzogamuchirwa kuti Guderian aiva mutsigiri wezvombo zvakasanganiswa, zvinosanganisira boka re "matangi - motokari yevacheche - motokari yepfuti artillery - motorized sappers - motorized communications". Asi hazvo, zvakadaro, Guderian akafunga matangi sebazi guru remauto, uye akapa vamwe vese basa rezvombo zvekubatsira. Izvi zvakatungamirira, sezvakaita muUSSR neGreat Britain, kune kuwandisa kwemaitiro ekugadzirisa nematangi, ayo akagadziriswa munguva yehondo. Anenge munhu wese atama kubva ku2 + 1 + 1 system (mayuniti maviri ane zvombo kuenda kune imwe yevacheche uye imwe artillery unit (pamwe nediki reconaissance, mainjiniya, kutaurirana, anti-tank, anti-ndege uye masevhisi zvikamu) kune 1+1 + 1 reshiyo. Semuyenzaniso, muChimiro chakachinjwa chechikamu chezvombo cheUnited States chaive nemauto matatu ematangi, mauto matatu ane mota dzevacheche (pavatakuri vevashandi vezvombo) uye mauto matatu anozvifambisa ehondo imwe mota yepfuti battalion pamutakuri wevashandi vezvombo), mota yevacheche brigade (pamarori) uye maviri artillery (yaimbonzi regiments), saka mumabheti zvaitaridzika seizvi: matangi matatu, mana evacheche, mauto maviri emumunda artillery. inozvifambisa uye ine mota), battalion yekucherekedza, kambani inorwisa matangi, kambani inorwisa ndege, battalion yainjiniya, battalion yekutaurirana uye yebasa yaive nemauto mapfumbamwe ematangi (anosanganisira matatu ematangi brigades), vatanhatu vanofamba nemotokari. mabheti (rimwe mu tank brigade uye matatu mune mechanized brigade) uye matatu anozvifambisa artillery squadrons (anonzi regiments) pamwe neanoongorora mainjiniya, kutaurirana, kambani yemauto ehondo nemasevhisi. Nekudaro, panguva imwe cheteyo, vakagadzira zvitunha zvakashongedzwa zvine chikamu chakasiyana chevacheche uye matangi (16 kusvika 9 pabattalion, neimwe mechanized brigade ine battalion-saizi tangi regiment). Guderian akasarudza kugadzira kupatsanurana nematangi maviri ematangi (mabheti maviri emakambani mana rimwe nerimwe, gumi nematanhatu makambani ematangi muchikamu chimwe nechimwe), mauto emudhudhudhu uye battalion yemudhudhudhu - huwandu hwemakambani mapfumbamwe evacheche pamarori uye midhudhudhu, mauto ehondo ane zvikamu zviviri. - matanhatu artillery mabhatiri, sapper battalion, kutaurirana uye sevhisi battalion. Zviyero pakati pematangi, mauto evacheche uye artillery zvaive - maererano nekubika kwaGuderian - zvinotevera (nekambani): 6 + 1943 + 1945. Kunyange muna XNUMX-XNUMX, saInspector General weHondo Dzehondo, akaramba achiomerera pakuwedzera nhamba yematangi. mumapoka enhumbi dzokurwa nadzo uye kudzokera kune upenzi kunguva dzakare.

Munyori akazvipira chete ndima pfupi kumubvunzo wehukama pakati pematangi nendege (nekuti zvakaoma kutaura nezvekubatana mune zvakanyorwa naGuderian), izvo zvinogona kupfupikiswa seizvi: ndege dzakakosha nekuti dzinogona kuitisa ongororo uye kuparadza zvinhu. mugwara rekurwiswa kwemauto ane zvombo, matangi anogona kumisa basa remuvengi ndege nekukasira kutora nhandare dzendege pamberi, isu hatizo fungidzire Douai, iro rakakosha basa rendege rinongova basa rekubatsira, uye kwete sarudzo. Ndizvo zvose. Hapana kutaurwa nezvekutonga kwemhepo, hapana kutaurwa nezvekudzivirirwa kwemhepo kwemauto ezvombo, hapana kutaurwa nezvepedyo mhepo kutsigira mauto. Guderian akanga asingadi kubhururuka uye haana kukoshesa basa rayo kusvikira pakupera kwehondo uye mberi. Apo, munguva yehondo isati yatanga, maekisesaizi akaitwa pakudyidzana kwemabhomba ekudhivha achitsigira zvakanangana nemapoka ezvombo, izvi zvaive padanho reLuftwaffe, uye kwete Ground Forces. Pakanga pari panguva iyi, kureva, kubva munaNovember 1938 kusvika Nyamavhuvhu 1939, apo mukuru-mukuru wemauto anokurumidza (Chef der Schnellen Truppen) aive Panzer General Heinz Guderian, uye zvakakodzera kuwedzera kuti iyi yaive chinzvimbo chimwe chete. yakabatwa naOswald Lutz kusvika 1936. - Inspectorate of Transport and Automobile Troops yakashandura zita rayo muna 1934 kuita Headquarters yeFast Troops (zita reMurairo weMauto Anokurumidza rakashandiswawo, asi iyi ndiyo muzinda mumwe chete). Saka, muna 1934, kusikwa kwerudzi rutsva rwemauto kwakabvumirwa - mauto anokurumidza (kubvira 1939, mauto anokurumidza uye ane zvombo, izvo zvakashandura zviremera kuita murairo). The Command of Rapid and Armored Forces yakashanda pasi pezita iri kusvika pakupera kwehondo. Nekudaro, tichitarisa kumberi zvishoma, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti hurongwa hwechiGerman hwechiGerman hwakakanganiswa zvakanyanya pasi pehutongi hwaHitler, kubva muna Kukadzi 28, 1943, General Inspectorate yeArmored Forces (Generalinspektion der Panzertruppen) yakagadzirwa, ichishanda yakazvimirira. Murairo weMauto Epamusoro-soro neHondo dzine masimba akafanana. Munguva yekuvapo kwayo kusvika May 8, 1945, General Inspectorate yaingova nemukuru mumwe chete - Colonel General S. Heinz Guderian uye mukuru mumwe chete wevashandi, Lieutenant General Wolfgang Thomale. Panguva iyoyo, General of the Armored Forces Heinrich Eberbach akanga ari pamusoro weHigh Command uye Command of the Armored Forces, uye kubva muna Nyamavhuvhu 1944 kusvika pakupera kwehondo, General of the Armored Forces Leo Freiherr Geir von Schweppenburg. Chinzvimbo chemuongorori mukuru angangodaro akasikirwa zvakanangana naGuderian, uyo Hitler aive neutera husinganzwisisike, zvichiratidzwa nekuti mushure mekudzingwa kwake pachinzvimbo chemukuru we2 Panzer Army, akagamuchira mubhadharo usina kumboonekwa wakaenzana nemakore makumi mashanu. yemuhoro mukuru pachinzvimbo chake (yakaenzana ne50 pamwedzi mihoro).

Matangi ekutanga eGermany

Mumwe wevakatangira colonel. Lutz semukuru weTransport Service aive Artillery General Alfred von Vollard-Bockelberg (1874-1945), mutsigiri wekuishandura kuita ruoko rutsva, rwekurwa. Aive Inspector weTransport Service kubva muna Gumiguru 1926 kusvika Chivabvu 1929, akazotsiviwa naLieutenant General Otto von Stülpnagel (kwete kuti avhiringidzwe neambotaurwa Joachim von Stülpnagel), uye muna Kubvumbi 1931 akatsiva Oswald Lutz, uyo panguva ya von Stülpnagel aive. Mukuru weVashandi vanoongorora. Achifemerwa naAlfred von Vollard-Bockelberg, maekisesaizi akaitwa pachishandiswa dummy matangi pamarori. Aya mamodheru akaiswa pamarori eHanomag kana Dixi mota, uye kare muna 1927 (gore rino International Control Commission yakabva kuGermany) makambani akati wandei ematangi aya akagadzirwa. Dzakashandiswa kwete chete kudzidziswa mukurwisa-tank kudzivirira (kunyanya artillery), asiwo kudzidzira kwemamwe matavi emauto mukubatana nematangi. Tactical miedzo yakaitwa nekushandiswa kwavo kuti vaone nzira yekushandisa matangi panhandare yehondo, kunyange panguva iyoyo Reichswehr yakanga isati yava nematangi.

Nekuvandudzwa kweAusf. c, Panzer II yakatora chitarisiko chakajairika. Iyo Panzer I maitiro ekumisa pfungwa yakasiiwa nekuunzwa kwe5 mavhiri emugwagwa.

Zvisinei, munguva pfupi, pasinei nezvirambidzo zveChibvumirano cheVersailles, Reichswehr yakatanga kuvatora. Muna Kubvumbi 1926, Reichswehr Heereswaffenamt (Reichswehr Heereswaffenamt), inotungamirwa neanopfura Major General Erich Freiherr von Botzheim, vakagadzirira zvinodiwa kuti tangi yepakati iparadze kudzivirira kwevavengi. Maererano neGermany tank pfungwa ye15s, yakagadzirwa naErnst Volkheim, matangi anorema aifanira kutungamira kurwisa, achiteverwa nevechicheche mukutsigira kwepedyo matangi emwenje. Zvinodiwa zvakatsanangura motokari ine huremu hwematani makumi mana uye kumhanya kwe40 km / h, yakashongedzerwa nekanononi yevacheche ye75-mm mu turret inotenderera uye pfuti mbiri dzemuchina.

Tangi idzva rakadaidzwa zviri pamutemo kuti Armeewagen 20, asi mazhinji ezvinyorwa zvecamouflage akashandisa zita rekuti "hombe tarakita" - Großtraktor. Muna March 1927, kondirakiti yekuvakwa kwayo yakapiwa kumakambani matatu: Daimler-Benz kubva kuMarienfelde muBerlin, Rheinmetall-Borsig kubva kuDüsseldorf uye Krupp kubva kuEssen. Imwe neimwe yemakambani aya yakavaka prototypes maviri, anonzi (zvichienderana) Großtraktor I (n. 41 uye 42), Großtraktor II (n. 43 uye 44) ​​uye Großtraktor III (n. 45 uye 46). Vose vaiva nemaitiro akafanana ekugadzira, sezvavakafananidzwa neSwedish light tank Stridsvagn M / 21 naAB Landsverk kubva kuLandskrona, iyo, nenzira, yakashandiswa neGermany muvaki wetangi Otto Merker (kubvira 1929). VaGermany vakatenga imwe yematangi gumi emhando iyi, uye M / 21 pachayo yakanga iri yeGermany LK II yakavakwa muna 1921, iyo, zvisinei, nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakajeka, haigoni kubudiswa muGermany.

Großtraktor matangi akagadzirwa kubva kusimbi yakajairika, uye kwete kubva kusimbi yakashongedzwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvehunyanzvi. Turret ine 75 mm L/24 cannon uye 7,92 mm Dreyse machine pfuti yakaiswa pamberi payo. Pfuti yakadaro yechipiri yakaiswa mushongwe yechipiri kumashure kwetangi. Michina yose iyi yakaendeswa kuKama yekudzidzira pasi muU.SR muzhizha ra1929. Muna September 1933 vakadzokera kuGermany uye vakabatanidzwa muchikwata chekuedza uye chekudzidzisa muZossen. Muna 1937, matangi aya akabviswa basa uye ainyanya kuiswa sezviyeuchidzo muzvikamu zvakasiyana zveGerman zvehondo.

Kunyange zvazvo Panzer II chiedza tangi yakagamuchira yakasimba undercarriage, zvombo zvayo nezvombo zvakakurumidza kurega kuzadzisa zvaidiwa munhandare yehondo (nekutanga kwehondo, matangi 1223 akanga agadzirwa).

Imwe mhando yeReichswehr tank yaive yevacheche-inoenderana VK 31, iyo yainzi "chiedza tarakita" - Leichttraktor. Zvinodikanwa zvetangi iri zvakaiswa mberi muna Kurume 1928. Yaifanirwa kunge yakashongedzerwa ne 37 mm L / 45 cannon mu turret uye 7,92 mm Dreyse muchina pfuti yakaiswa padyo, ine huremu hwe7,5 matani. Kumhanya kunodiwa kunokwana 40 km/h mumigwagwa uye 20 km/h kunze kwemugwagwa. Panguva ino, Daimler-Benz akaramba murayiro wacho, saka Krupp naRheinmetall-Borsig (vaviri mumwe nomumwe) vakagadzira mifananidzo ina yemotokari iyi. Muna 1930, motokari idzi dzakaendawo kuKazan, ndokuzodzokera kuGermany muna 1933, pamwe nekuvharwa kwechikoro chezvombo cheKama Soviet-German.

Muna 1933, kuedza kwakaitwawo kuvaka tangi inorema (nemazuva ano) kuti iparadze kudzivirira, mutsivi weGroßtraktor. Matangi mapurojekiti akagadzirwa naRheinmetall naKrupp. Sezvinodiwa, matangi, anonzi Neubaufahrzeug, aive nehombe turret ine pfuti mbiri - pfupi-barreled universal 75 mm L / 24 uye anti-tank pfuti ye37 mm L / 45 caliber. Rheinmetall akavaisa mu turret imwe pamusoro peimwe (37 mm kumusoro), uye Krupp akavaisa padivi peumwe neumwe. Uye zvakare, mune ese maviri mavhezheni, maviri ekuwedzera shongwe ane imwe 7,92-mm muchina pfuti mune imwe neimwe yakaiswa pahull. Mota dzeRheinmetall dzakasarudzwa PanzerKampfwagen NeubauFahrzeug V (PzKpfw NbFz V), Krupp uye PzKpfw NbFz VI. Muna 1934, Rheinmetall yakavaka mbiri PzKpfw NbFz V ine turret yayo yakagadzirwa nesimbi yakajairwa, uye muna 1935-1936, matatu PzKpfw NbFz VI prototypes ane Krupp's armored simbi turret. Motokari nhatu dzekupedzisira dzakashandiswa munhimbe yeNorway ya1940. Kuvakwa kweNeubaufahrzeug kwakaonekwa sekusina kubudirira uye michina haina kuenda mukugadzirwa kwakawanda.

Iyo Panzerkampfwagen I yakave tangi yekutanga kuiswa zvakanyanya kushanda neGerman armored units.Yakanga iri tangi rechiedza raifanirwa kuumba musana weakarongwa mayuniti ezvombo nekuda kwekugona kugadzirwa kwakawanda. Zvinodiwa zvekupedzisira zvekombi, yainzi Kleintraktor (tirakita diki), yakavakwa munaGunyana 1931. Nechekare panguva iyoyo, Oswald Lutz naHeinz Guderian vakaronga kuvandudzwa uye kugadzirwa kwemhando mbiri dzemotokari dzehondo dzemapoka ezvombo zvenguva yemberi, kuumbwa kwaro Lutz akatanga kumanikidza pakutanga kwekutonga kwake muna 1931. Oswald Lutz aidavira kuti musimboti. emapoka ezvombo anofanirwa kunge ari epakati matangi ane 75 mm cannon, anotsigirwa nekukurumidza kucherechedzwa uye anti-tank mota dzakashongedzerwa ne50 mm anti-tank pfuti. tank pfuti. Sezvo indasitiri yeGerman yaifanira kutanga yawana ruzivo rwakakodzera, zvakasarudzwa kutenga tangi yakachipa yemwenje iyo yaizobvumira vashandi vekudzidziswa kwemapoka ezvombo zvenguva yemberi, uye mabhizinesi emaindasitiri kugadzirira nzvimbo dzakakodzera dzekugadzira matangi nenyanzvi. Sarudzo yakadai yaive mamiriro ekumanikidzirwa, kunze kwaizvozvo, zvaitendwa kuti kutaridzika kwetangi rine kushomeka kwehondo kwaisazozivisa maAllies nezve kudzoka kwakanyanya kwemaGerman kubva kune zvakatemwa zveChibvumirano cheVersailles. Saka zvinodiwa zveKleintraktor, yakazonzi Landwirtschaftlicher Schlepper (LaS), tirakita yekurima. Pasi pezita iri, tangi yaizivikanwa kusvika 1938, apo hurongwa hwekumaka hwakabatana hwemotokari dzehondo hwakaunzwa muWehrmacht uye mota yakagamuchira zita rekuti PzKpfw I (SdKfz 101). Muna 1934, kugadzirwa kwemotokari kwakatanga panguva imwe chete pamafekitari akati wandei; iyo yekutanga vhezheni yeAusf A yaive ne1441 yakavakwa, uye iyo yakakwidziridzwa yeAusf B pamusoro pe480, kusanganisira akati wandei akavakwa patsva kubva kumavambo Ausf A's akabvisirwa superstructure uye turret, akashandiswa kudzidzisa vatyairi nekugadzirisa makanika. Aive matangi aya ayo muhafu yechipiri ye1942 akabvumira kuumbwa kwemapoka ezvombo uye, zvinopesana nezvinangwa zvavo, akashandiswa muhondo - akarwa kusvika XNUMX muSpain, Poland, France, Balkan, USSR neNorth Africa. . Zvisinei, simba ravo rokurwa rakanga rakaderera, sezvo vaingova nepfuti dzomuchina mbiri uye nhumbi dzokurwa dzisina simba, dzaidzivirira bedzi pamabara maduku.

Panzer I nePanzer II dzaive diki zvekusatakura redhiyo yakakura. Naizvozvo, tangi rekuraira rakagadzirwa kutsigira zviito zvavo.

Kama armored chikoro

Musi waApril 16, 1922, nyika mbiri dzeEurope dzaifunga kuti hadzichabatanidzwa mune dzimwe nyika—Germany neUSSR—dzakasaina muRapallo, Italy, chibvumirano chokushandira pamwe mune zvemari. Izvo zvishoma zvinozivikanwa inyaya yekuti chibvumirano ichi zvakare chaive nechikumbiro chechivande chemauto; pahwaro hwayo, muhafu yechipiri yemakumi mashanu, nzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzakagadzirwa muUSSR, uko kudzidziswa kwakaitwa uye ruzivo rwakafanana rwakatsinhaniswa mumunda wezvombo zvinorambidzwa muGermany.

Kubva pakuona kwechinyorwa chedu, chikoro cheKama tank, chiri panzvimbo yekudzidzira yeKazan, paRwizi rwaKama, chakakosha. Mushure mekupedzwa kwakabudirira kwenhaurirano dzekugadzwa kwayo, Lieutenant Colonel Wilhelm Malbrandt (1875–1955), aimbova mutungamiriri weuto rekutakura rechipiri (Preußische) Kraftfahr-Abteilung kubva kuSzczecin, akatanga kutsvaga nzvimbo yakakodzera. Yakagadzirwa kumavambo 2, nzvimbo yacho yakagamuchira zita rekodhi "Kama", iro risina kubva kune zita rerwizi, asi kubva kuchidimbu cheKazan-Malbrandt. Vashandi vechikoro cheSoviet vakabva kuNKVD, kwete mauto, uye maGermany akatumira vakuru vakuru kuchikoro vane ruzivo kana ruzivo mukushandiswa kwematangi. Kana zviri zvemidziyo yechikoro, yaingove yeGerman chete - matangi eGroßtraktor matanhatu uye matangi mana eLeichttraktor, pamwe nemota dzakashongedzerwa, marori nemota. MaSoviet, kune chikamu chavo, akapa matatu chete akagadzirwa neBritish Carden-Loyd tankettes (ayo akazogadzirwa muUSSR seT-1929), uyezve mamwe mashanu mashanu eMS-27 matangi emwenje kubva ku1rd Kazan Tank Regiment. Mota dzepachikoro dzakaunganidzwa kuita makambani mana: mukambani yekutanga - mota dzehondo, mukambani yechipiri - mhando dzematangi uye mota dzisina zvombo, kambani yechitatu - anti-tank, yechina - mudhudhudhu.

Mukosi nhatu dzinotevedzana, dzakaitwa kuvambira muna March 1929 kusvikira muzhizha ra1933, vaGermany vakarovedza hwerengedzo yavakuru vakuru 30. Kosi yokutanga yakapindwa nevakuru vakuru gumi vakabva kunyika dzose dziri mbiri, asi vaSoviet vakatumira hwerengedzo yavadzidzi vanenge 10 nokuda kwekosi mbiri dzakatevera. Zvinosuruvarisa, vazhinji vavo havazivikanwi, sezvo mumagwaro eSoviet mapurisa akatora zvidzidzo zveOssoaviakhim (Defense League). Kudivi reUSSR, mutungamiriri wemakosi aive Colonel Vasily Grigorievich Burkov, gare gare refutenendi mukuru wemauto. Semyon A. Ginzburg, gare gare mugadziri wemotokari yezvombo, aive mumwe wevashandi vehunyanzvi pachikoro kudivi reSoviet. Kudivi reGerman, Wilhelm Malbrandt, Ludwig Ritter von Radlmayer naJosef Harpe vakateedzana vatungamiriri vechikoro cheKama tank - nenzira, mutambi wegore rekutanga. Pakati pevakapedza kudzidza kwaKama paive naLieutenant General Wolfgang Thomale, Chief of the General Staff of the Armored Forces Inspectorate muna 100-1943, Lieutenant Colonel Wilhelm von Thoma, akazova General weArmored Forces uye mutungamiriri weAfrica Korps, akabatwa na. maBritish paHondo yeEl Alamein munaNovember 1945, gare gare Lieutenant General Viktor Linnarts, uyo akaraira 1942th Panzer Division pakupera kwehondo, kana Lieutenant General Johann Haarde, mukuru we26nd Panzer Division muna 1942-1943. Mutori wechikamu chegore rekutanga, Kaputeni Fritz Kühn kubva kuhondo yekutakura ye25th (Preußische) Kraftfahr-Abteilung kubva kuHannover, akazotevera Mukuru weArmored Forces, kubva munaKurume 6 kusvika Chikunguru 1941 akaraira 1942th Panzer Division.

Basa rechikoro cheKama armored muKazan rakanyanyisa kudarika mumabhuku. Vakuru makumi matatu chete ndivo vakapedza kosi yacho, uye kunze kwaJosef Harpe, Wilhelm von Thoma naWolfgang Thomale, hapana kana mumwe wavo akazova mutungamiriri mukuru wetangi, achiraira kuumbwa kweinopfuura boka. Nekudaro, pakudzokera kwavo kuGermany, varairidzi ava makumi matatu kusvika gumi nevaviri ndivo chete muGermany vaive neruzivo rutsva mukushanda uye maekisesaizi ehunyanzvi nematangi chaiwo.

Kusikwa kwezvikamu zvekutanga zvehondo

Chikamu chekutanga chezvombo chakaumbwa muGermany munguva yehondo yakanga iri kambani yekudzidzira panzvimbo yekudzidzira Kraftfahrlehrkommando Zossen (yakarairwa naMajor Josef Harpe), mutaundi rinenge makiromita makumi mana kumaodzanyemba kweBerlin. Pakati peZossen neWünsdorf pakanga pane nzvimbo huru yekudzidzira, iyo yakafambisa kudzidziswa kwekutakura matangi. Chaizvoizvo makiromita mashoma kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero ndiyo Kummersdorf nzvimbo yekudzidzira, yaimbova nzvimbo yekudzidzira artillery yePrussian. Pakutanga, kambani yekudzidzisa muZossen yakanga ine maGrostractors mana (motokari mbiri dzeDaimler-Benz dzakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya uye zvichida dzakaramba dziri muU.SR) uye maLeuchtractors mana, akadzoka kubva kuU.SR munaSeptember 40, uye pakupera kwegore akagamuchirawo gumi LaS. chassis (yekuyedza nhevedzano gare gare PzKpfw I) isina yakashongedzwa superstructure uye turret, iyo yaishandiswa kudzidzisa vatyairi uye kutevedzera ezvombo mota. Kuendeswa kweiyo LaS chassis itsva kwakatanga muna Ndira uye kwainyanya kushandiswa kudzidzisa. Mukutanga kwa1933, Adolf Hitler akashanyira nzvimbo yekudzidzira yeZossen uye akaratidzwa michina yakawanda inoshanda. Akafarira kuratidzwa, uye pamberi pevakuru. Lutz naCol. Guderian akafunga: izvi ndizvo zvandinoda. Kuzivikanwa kwaHitler kwakagadzira nzira yekuwedzera kwakawanda kwemichina yemauto, iyo yakabatanidzwa muhurongwa hwekutanga hwekushandura Reichswehr kuva mauto enguva dzose ane zvombo. Huwandu hwenyika dzine runyararo hwaitarisirwa kukwira kusvika pa1934. (kanomwe), nemukana wekuunganidza mauto mamiriyoni matatu nehafu. Zvaifungidzirwa kuti munguva yerunyararo 700 mauto madhairekitori uye XNUMX zvikamu zvichachengetwa.

Pamusoro pezano re theorists, zvakasarudzwa kuti zvitange kugadzirwa kwemaitiro makuru ezvombo. Kunyanya Guderian, uyo aitsigirwa naHitler, akaomerera pane izvi. Muna Chikunguru 1934, rairo yeFast Troops (Kommando der Schnelletruppen, inozivikanwawo seInspektion 6, nokudaro zita remadzishe) rakagadzirwa, iro rakatora mabasa eInspectorate of Transport and Automobile Troops, richisara riine murairo mumwechete. uye vashandi vanotungamirirwa naLutz naGuderian semukuru wevashandi. Musi waGumiguru 12, 1934, kubvunzana kwakatanga pachirongwa chakagadziridzwa nemurairo uyu wechirongwa chenguva dzose chechikamu chekuyedza - Versuchs Panzer Division. Yaizove nemauto maviri ezvombo, mauto emudhudhudhu, battalion yemudhudhudhu, mauto ehondo, anti-tank battalion, battalion yekuziva, battalion yekutaurirana uye kambani yesapper. Saka raive sangano rakanyanya kufanana nesangano remangwana remapoka ezvombo. Sangano remabattalion maviri rakavambwa mumarejimeni, saka huwandu hwemauto ehondo nemauto ehondo aive mashoma pane muchikamu chepfuti (mauto mapfumbamwe epfuti, mauto mana ehondo, battalion reconnaissance, anti-tank division - gumi neshanu chete), uye mu chikamu chezvombo - zvikamu zvina zvezvombo (zvitatu zviviri pamarori uye imwe pamidhudhudhu), mauto maviri ezvombo zvehondo, battalion reconnaissance uye anti-tank battalion - gumi nerimwe pamwe chete. Somugumisiro wekutaurirana, zvikwata zve brigades zvakawedzerwa - zvombo zvehondo uye motokari dzevacheche.

Zvichakadaro, munaNovember 1, 1934, nekusvika kweLaS matangi (PzKpfw I Ausf A), kusanganisira anopfuura zana chassis isina superstructures, pamwe chete nemotokari dzehondo dzine turret dzine maviri 7,92-mm pfuti, kambani yekudzidzisa mu Zossen uye kudzidziswa kwekambani yechikoro chetangi chichangobva kugadzirwa muOhrdruf (guta riri muThuringia, makiromita makumi matatu kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweErfurt) yakawedzerwa kusvika kune yakazara matangi regiments - Kampfwagen-Regiment 30 neKampfwagen-Regiment 1 (zvichienderana). matangi ehondo, uye battalion imwe neimwe - makambani mana ematangi. Zvaifungidzirwa kuti pakupedzisira, makambani matatu mubattalion aizova nematangi akareruka - kusvikira atsiviwa nematangi epakati anotarirwa, uye kambani yechina yaizova nemotokari dzinotsigira, i.e. matangi ekutanga ane 2 mm L/75 short-barreled pfuti uye anti-tank pfuti dzaive mota dzematangi dzine pfuti (sezvazvaifungidzirwa pakutanga) zve24 mm caliber. Kana dziri mota dzichangoburwa, kushaikwa kwe50-mm kanoni kwakamanikidza kushandiswa kwenguva pfupi kwe50-mm anti-tank pfuti, iyo yakazove yakajairwa anti-tank chombo chemauto eGerman. Hapana kana imwe yeidzi mota yaivepo mune prototypes, saka pakutanga makambani echina aive akashongedzerwa nematangi emhando.

Iyo Panzer III uye Panzer IV yepakati matangi yaive yechipiri chizvarwa cheGerman mota dzehondo Hondo Yenyika II isati yasvika. Mufananidzo ndeyePanzer III tangi.

Musi waKurume 16, 1935, hurumende yeGerman yakatanga basa remauto repamutemo, iro reReichswehr rakachinja zita raro kuti Wehrmacht - Defence Forces. Ikoku kwakagadzirira nzira yokudzokera kwakajeka kuzvombo. Nechekare muna Nyamavhuvhu 1935, maekisesaizi ekuedza akaitwa pachishandiswa chikamu chezvombo chisingafadzi, "chakaungana" kubva munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kuyedza kurongeka kwehurongwa hwesangano. Chikamu chekuyedza chakarairwa naMajor General Oswald Lutz. Chiitiko ichi chaisanganisira 12 maofficial nemasoja, 953 mota dzine mavhiri uye dzimwe 4025 dzakateedzerwa mota (kunze kwematangi - artillery tirakita). Mafungiro esangano aiwanzo simbiswa, kunyangwe zvakasarudzwa kuti kambani yemasappers yeyuniti yakakura zvakadaro yakanga isina kukwana - vakasarudza kuiisa muhondo. Ehe, Guderian aive nematangi mashoma, saka akasimbirira kusimudzira mauto ehondo kune maviri matatu-mabheti regiments kana matatu maviri-mabheti regiments, uye zviri nani matatu matatu-mabheti regiments mune ramangwana. Yaifanirwa kuve iyo huru yekurova simba rekupatsanurwa, uye mamwe ese mayuniti uye subunits kuita mabasa ekubatsira uye ekurwa.

Mapoka matatu ekutanga ezvombo zvehondo

Pana October 1, 1935, dzimbahwe remapoka matatu ane zvombo akaumbwa zviri pamutemo. Kusikwa kwavo kwaive kwakabatana nemitengo yakakosha yehurongwa, sezvo zvaida kutamiswa kwevakuru vakuru, vasina kutumwa mahofisi nemasoja kunzvimbo itsva. Vakuru vemapoka aya vaiva: Lieutenant General Maximilian Reichsfreiherr von Weichs zu Glon (1st Armored Division muWeimar), Major General Heinz Guderian (Chikamu Chechipiri muWürzburg) naLieutenant General Ernst Fessmann (Chikamu Chechitatu muWünsdorf pedyo neZossen). The 2st Armored Division ndiyo yakanga iri nyore, sezvo yainyanya kuumbwa nezvikamu zvakaumba chidimbu chekuedza zvombo panguva yekufambisa muna Nyamavhuvhu 3. Yayo 1st Armored Regiment yaisanganisira 1935st Tank Regiment, yakatumidzwa zita kubva ku1 Panzer Regiment Ohrdruf, yaimbova 1st Panzer Regiment Zororo. Iyo tangi reja rakatumidzwa zita re2th Tank Regiment uye rakapinzwa mu1rd Infantry Regiment ye5rd Tank Division. Mamwe matangi akasara akagadzirwa kubva kune akaparadzana kubva kune mamwe maviri regiments, kubva kuvashandi vemauto ekutakura uye kubva kune evatasvi vemabhiza, mapoka evatasvi vemabhiza, uye saka zvakarongwa kuti zviparadzwe. Kubva 3, mauto aya akagamuchira matangi matsva, anozivikanwa sePzKpfw I, zvakananga kubva kumafekitari akavabudisa, pamwe chete nemimwe michina, kunyanya motokari, kunyanya itsva. Kutanga, iyo yekutanga uye yechipiri yePanzer Divisions yakapedzwa, iyo yaifanira kusvika pakugadzirira kurwa muna Kubvumbi 3, uye chechipiri, 1938rd Panzer Division, iyo, saka, yaifanira kunge yakagadzirira pakudonha kwe1. zvakatora nguva yakareba kuunganidza kupatsanurwa kutsva nevarume nemidziyo, nepo kudzidziswa kwakaitwa neaya maatomu ayo akange atoshongedzerwa.

Panguva imwe chete nemapoka matatu ezvombo, Lieutenant General Lutz vakaronga kuumba mauto matatu akasiyana ezvombo, ainyanya kutsigira mabasa evacheche. Kunyange zvazvo mabrigades aya aifanirwa kugadzirwa muna 1936, 1937 uye 1938, chaizvoizvo, kuunganidza midziyo uye vanhu kwavari zvakatora nguva yakareba, uye yekutanga yavo, 4th battalion kubva kuStuttgart (7th uye 8th panzer), haina kusikwa kusvika November. 10, 1938. The 7th tank regiment yeiyi brigade yakaumbwa musi waOctober 1, 1936 muOhrdruf, asi pakutanga kwaiva nemakambani matatu chete mumapoka ayo panzvimbo yechina; Panguva imwecheteyo, 8th tank regiment yakaumbwa muZossen, kuitira kuumbwa kwemasimba uye nzira dzakagoverwa kubva kune ichiri kuumbwa regiments yezvikwata zvehondo.

Pamberi pekuumbwa kweanotevera akaparadzana brigades ehondo, maviri-battalion armored regiments akagadzirirwa ivo, avo vaive vakazvimirira panguva iyoyo. Musi waGumiguru 12, 1937, kuumbwa kwechigumi chetangi battalion muZinten (yava kunzi Kornevo, Kaliningrad mudunhu), tangi rechigumi nerimwe muPadeborn (kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweKassel), tangi rechigumi neshanu muZhagan uye tangi rechimakumi maviri neshanu muErlangen. , Bavaria. Nhamba dzakashaikwa dzemarejimeni dzakashandiswa gare gare mukuumbwa kwezvikamu zvinotevera, kana ... never. Nekuda kwezvirongwa zvinogara zvichichinja, regiments mazhinji akange asipo.

Kuwedzera kuvandudzwa kwemauto ane zvombo

Muna Ndira 1936, sarudzo yakaitwa yekufambisa mana emapoka evacheche aivepo kana achiri kubuda kuitira kuti vaende nemapoka epanzer muhondo. Aya mapoka akange asina mamwe mayuniti ezvombo kunze kwekambani yemotokari dzakashongedzerwa muhondo yekucherekedza, asi mauto avo evacheche, artillery uye mamwe mayuniti akagamuchira marori, mota dzekunze-mumugwagwa, artillery matirakita uye midhudhudhu, kuitira kuti vashandi vese nemidziyo ye kupatsanura vaigona kufamba pamusoro pemavhiri, mavhiri, uye kwete netsoka dzavo pachavo, mabhiza kana ngoro. Vanotevera vakasarudzwa kuti vafambise motokari: 2nd Infantry Division kubva kuSzczecin, 13th Infantry Division kubva kuMagdeburg, 20th Infantry Division kubva kuHamburg uye 29th Infantry Division kubva kuErfurt. Maitiro ekufambisa kwavo akaitwa muna 1936, 1937 uye pamwe muna 1938.

Muna June 1936, zvakare, kwakasarudzwa kutsiva maviri emapoka matatu akasara evatasvi vemabhiza vevanodanwa. kupatsanura chiedza. Yaifanirwa kunge iri kupatsanurwa kwakaringana nebattalion imwe yetangi, uyezve, sangano rayo raifanirwa kunge riri padyo nechikamu chetangi. Musiyano mukuru waiva wekuti mubattalion yake chete paifanira kunge paine makambani mana ematangi akareruka asina kambani inorema, uye muuto revatasvi vemabhiza vane mota, panzvimbo pemabheti maviri, paifanira kunge paine matatu. Basa rezvikamu zvechiedza raive rekuita reconnaissance pachiyero chekushanda, kuvhara mativi emapoka ekufambisa uye kutevera muvengi anodzokera shure, pamwe nekushanda kwekuvhara, i.e. anenge chaiwo mabasa akafanana

zvichiitwa nevarwi vakatasva mabhiza.

Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemidziyo, mabrigade akareruka akatanga kuumbwa nesimba risina kukwana. Pazuva rimwe chete iro rakaumbwa mauto mana akaparadzana ezvombo - Gumiguru 12, 1937 - muSennelager padhuze nePaderborn, imwe yakaparadzana 65st armored battalion yakaumbwa zvakare ye1th light brigade.

Zvichitevera kuwedzera kwezvombo zvehondo, basa rakaitwa pamhando mbiri dzematangi, ayo aifanirwa kupinda mumakambani anorema sechikamu chemauto ehondo (kambani yechina), uye akazova midziyo huru yemakambani akareruka (matangi ane 37). mm pfuti, gare gare PzKpfw III) uye makambani anorema (matangi ane 75 mm cannon, gare gare PzKpfw IV). Zvibvumirano zvekugadzirwa kwemotokari itsva zvakasainwa: Ndira 27, 1934 yekuvandudzwa kwePzKpfw III (zita rakashandiswa kubva 1938, zvisati zvaitika ZW - zita rekuvhara Zugführerwagen, mota yemukuru weplatoon, kunyangwe yanga isiri tangi rekuraira. ) uye February 25, 1935. yekuvandudzwa kwePzKpfw IV (kusvika 1938 BW - Begleitwagen - kuperekedza motokari), uye serial production yakatanga (zvichitevera) muna May 1937. uye October 1937. zadza gap - PzKpfw II (kusvika 1938 Landwirtschaftlicher Schlepper 100 kana LaS 100), akarayirawo musi waJanuary 27, 1934, asi kugadzirwa kwavo kwakatanga muna May 1936. Kubva pakutanga, matangi echiedza aya akanga akashongedzerwa ne 20 mm cannon uye imwe. pfuti yemuchina yaionekwa sekuwedzera kuPzKpfw I, uye mushure mekugadzirwa kwenhamba inoenderana yePzKpfw III uye IV inofanira kunge yakapihwa basa remotokari dzekuona. Nekudaro, kusvika munaGunyana 1939, PzKpfw I uye II yakatonga mauto eGerman, aine nhamba shoma yePzKpfw III uye IV mota.

Muna Gumiguru 1936, matangi makumi matatu nemaviri ePzKpfw I uye mumwe mukuru wePzBefwg I akaenda kuSpain sechikamu chehondo yetangi yeCondor Legion. Mukuru wemauto aiva Lieutenant Colonel Wilhelm von Thoma. Nezvekudzoreredzwa kwekurasikirwa, huwandu hwe32 PzBefwg I uye 4 PzKpfw ndakatumirwa kuSpain, mamwe matangi akaendeswa kuSpain mushure mekupera kwegakava. Chiitiko cheSpain chakanga chisingakurudzire - matangi ane zvombo zvisina simba, akashongedzerwa chete nepfuti dzemuchina uye aine hurombo husina kunaka, aive akaderera kune mota dzevavengi, kunyanya matangi eSoviet, mamwe acho (BT-88) aive akapakatira 5-mm cannon. . Iyo PzKpfw Ini zvirokwazvo yakanga isina kukodzera kushandiswa panhandare yehondo yemazuva ano, asi zvakadaro yakashandiswa kusvika pakutanga kwa45 - kunze kwekudikanwa, mukushaikwa kwemamwe matangi muhuwandu hwakakwana.

Muna Kurume 1938 General Guderian's 2nd Panzer Division yakashandiswa panguva yekugara kweAustria. Musi waKurume 10, akasiya mauto echigarire uye akasvika kumuganhu weAustria musi wa12 Kurume. Nechekare panguva ino, kupatsanurwa kwakarasikirwa nemotokari zhinji nekuda kwekuputsika kwaisagona kugadziriswa kana kudhonzwa (basa rekugadzirisa zvikamu harina kufarirwa panguva iyoyo). Mukuwedzera, zvikamu zvega zvakasanganiswa nekuda kwekushanda kusina kunaka kwekutonga kwemotokari uye kutonga pakufamba. Kupatsanura kwakapinda muAustria mune mhirizhonga yakawanda, ichiramba ichirasikirwa nemidziyo nekuda kwezvipingamupinyi; dzimwe mota dzaive dzakamira nekuda kwekushaya peturu. Pakanga pasina mafuta akakwana, saka vakatanga kushandisa zviteshi zvemafuta eAustria, vachibhadhara nemakasi eGerman. Kunyange zvakadaro, mumvuri wechikamu chacho wakasvika kuVienna, iyo panguva iyoyo yakarasikirwa zvachose nekufamba kwayo. Pasinei nokukanganisa uku, kubudirira kwakaridzwa, uye Mutungamiriri Guderian akagamuchira makorokoto kubva kuna Adolf Hitler pachake. Zvisinei, kana vaAustria vakaedza kuzvidzivirira, mutambi we2 angabhadhara zvakanyanya nokuda kwekugadzirira kwake kusina kunaka.

MunaNovember 1938, danho rinotevera pakusikwa kwezvikwata zvitsva zvezvombo zvakatanga. Chinonyanya kukosha kwaive kuumbwa kwe10th Division kuWürzburg musi wa4 Mbudzi, iyo yaisanganisira 5th Division ye35th Panzer Battalion kuBamberg uye 36th Panzer Battalion kuSchweinfurt, yakagadzirwawo musi wa10 Mbudzi 1938. 23rd Panzer muSchwetzingen. Iwo 1st, 2nd uye 3rd light brigades akagadzirwawo, ayo aisanganisira iripo 65th brigade uye ichangobva kuumbwa 66th uye 67th brigades - muEisenach uye Gross-Glinik, zvichiteerana. Zvakakodzera kuwedzera pano kuti mushure mekutorwa kweAustria muna Kurume 1938, iyo Austrian mobile division yakaverengerwa muWehrmacht, iyo yakarongedzerwa zvishoma uye yakashongedzerwa nemidziyo yeGerman (asi nevakasara kunyanya vashandi veAustria), ichiva 4th Light Division, ne 33rd tank battalion. Zvinenge panguva imwe chete, pakupera kwegore, mabrigedhi emwenje akanga akakwana kuti apiwe zita rokuti mapoka; kwavanowanikwa: 1. DLek - Wuppertal, 2. DLek - Gera, 3. DLek - Cottbus uye 4. DLek - Vienna.

Panguva imwecheteyo, munaNovember 1938, kuumbwa kwemamwe mauto maviri akazvimiririra ezvombo akatanga - 6th uye 8th BP. Iyo 6th BNF, yakamira muWürzburg, yaive ne11th uye 25th matangi (akatoumbwa), 8th BNR kubva kuZhagan yaive ne15th uye 31st matangi. Armored General Lutz akaronga nemaune kuti mabrigades aya ashandise matangi mukutsigira kwepedyo kwevacheche, kusiyana nezvikamu zve panzer zvakagadzirirwa kuzvimiririra. Zvisinei, kubvira muna 1936, General Lutz akanga asisipo. Kubva muna Chivabvu 1936 kusvika Gumiguru 1937, Colonel Werner Kempf akashanda semukuru weHigh-Speed ​​​​Forces, uyezve, kusvika Mbudzi 1938, Lieutenant General Heinrich von Vietinghoff, General Scheel. MunaNovember 1938, Lieutenant General Heinz Guderian akava mutungamiriri weFast Troops, uye shanduko dzakatanga. Kuumbwa kwe5th Light Division kwakangomiswa uye kwakatsiviwa ne5th Infantry Division (ine dzimbahwe muOpole), iyo yaisanganisira yaimbozvimiririra ye8th Infantry Division kubva kuŽagan.

Pakangotanga muna Kukadzi 1939, General Guderian akafungidzira shanduko yezvikamu zvechiedza kuita zvikamu zvematangi uye kubviswa kwemauto erutsigiro evacheche. Imwe yeaya mabrigade "yakatorwa" ne5th Dpanc; Kwasara vamwe vaviri kuti vape. Naizvozvo hachisi chokwadi kuti kupatsanurwa kwechiedza kwakabviswa nekuda kwechiitiko chemushandirapamwe wePolish wa1939. Zvinoenderana nehurongwa hwaGuderian, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th uye 5th mapoka ezvombo aifanira kuramba asina kuchinjika, 1st uye 2nd. DLek yaifanira kushandurwa kuita (zvichienderana): 3rd, 4th, 6th uye 7th Dancers. Zvikamu zvitsva, zvinodikanwa, zvaive nemauto ehondo sechikamu chehondo uye yakaparadzana tangi battalion: 8th Infantry Division - ye9th Polish Armored Division uye I. / 6. bpants (yaimbova 11th bpants), 12th manor house - 65th manor house uye I./7. bpants (yaimbova 35th bpants), 34th manor house - 66th manor house uye I./8. bpank (yaimbova 15th bpank) uye 16th division - 67th bpank uye I./9. bpanc (munyaya iyi zvaive zvakafanira kuumba mauto maviri matsva ematangi), asi izvi zvakafambiswa nekutorwa kwematangi eCzech, anozivikanwa muGermany sePzKpfw 33 (t) uye mutsara wakagadzirirwa wekugadzira tangi prototype inonzi PzKpfw 32 (t. ) Nekudaro, hurongwa hwekushandura kupatsanurwa kwemwenje kuita zvikamu zvematangi hazvina kuitwa kusvika Gumiguru-Mbudzi 35.

Nechekare muna February 1936, murairo we XVI Army Corps (Armored General Oswald Lutz) yakaumbwa muBerlin, iyo yaisanganisira 1st, 2nd uye 3rd Dancers. Yaifanirwa kuve iyo huru inorova simba reWehrmacht. Muna 1938, mukuru wechitunha ichi aiva Lieutenant General Erich Hoepner. Zvisinei, zvitunha zviri muchimiro ichi hazvaigona kutsungirira kurwa.

Mauto ane zvombo mukurwisa Poland muna 1939

Munguva yaChikunguru-Nyamavhuvhu 1939, mauto eGerman akatamisirwa kunzvimbo dzawo dzekutanga kurwisa Poland. Panguva imwecheteyo, muna Chikunguru, kuraira kwechitunha chitsva, XNUMXth Army Corps, yakaumbwa, naGeneral Heinz Guderian semukuru wavo. Dzimbahwe rechitunha rakaumbwa muVienna, asi nokukurumidza rakaguma muWestern Pomerania.

Panguva imwecheteyo, 10th Panzer Division yakaumbwa muPrague ne "kukandwa patepi", iyo, zvakafanira, yakanga ine chimiro chisina kukwana uye yaiva chikamu chechikwata muPolish campaign ya1939. 8th PPank, 86. PPZmot, II./29. Artillery reconnaissance battalion. Paive zvakare nechikamu chakagadziridzwa chezvombo DPanc "Kempf" (mukuru mukuru Major General Werner Kempf) zvichibva pamuzinda we4th BPanc, kubva kwakabva 8th Polish chikamu chezvombo chakaendeswa muchikamu chegumi chevacheche. Nokudaro, 10th Polish Armored Division yakaramba iri muboka iri, iyo yaisanganisira SS Rejiment "Germany" uye SS artillery regiment. Kutaura zvazviri, chikamu ichi chaivawo nehukuru hwebrigade.

Pamberi pekurwisana kwePoland muna 1939, mapoka ematangi eGermany akakamurwa kuva mauto akasiyana; Paimba imwe chete pakanga pasina kana maviri.

Mauto Boka Kuchamhembe (Colonel-General Fedor von Bock) aive nemauto maviri - 3rd Mauto muEast Prussia (Artillery General Georg von Küchler) uye 4th Mauto muWestern Pomerania (Artillery General Günther von Kluge). Sechikamu che3rd Army, kwaingova neDPants yakagadziridzwa "Kempf" ye11th KA, pamwe chete nemapoka maviri e "nguva dzose" evacheche (61st uye 4th). Hondo yechitatu yaisanganisira yechipiri SA yeGeneral Guderian, kusanganisira yechi3 Panzer Division, yechigumi uye yechisere Panzer Divisheni (yemotokari), uye gare gare iyo yakagadziridzwa 2th Panzer Division yakaiswa mairi. Mauto Boka Maodzanyemba (Colonel General Gerd von Rundstedt) vaive nemauto matatu. Hondo yechigumi nenomwe (General Johannes Blaskowitz), ichienda kuruboshwe rworuboshwe rwekurwiswa kukuru, yakanga ine mu20 SA chete motokari yeSS rejint "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler" pamwe chete "nenguva dzose" DPs (10 uye 8st) . Hondo yechina (Artillery General Walther von Reichenau), ichisimuka kubva kuLower Silesia yakanangana nekurova kweGerman, yaive nemukurumbira XVI SA (Lieutenant General Erich Hoepner) nemapoka maviri "ane ropa rakazara" matangi (ndiyo chete zvitunha zvakadaro mu. danidziro yePoland ye10 AD) - 17st uye 10nd Panzer Divisions, asi yakanyungudutswa nezvikamu zviviri "zvagara" zvevacheche (1939rd uye 1th). Iyo 4th SA (General of Armored Forces Hermann Goth) yaive neyechigumi neyekutanga DLek, iyo 14th SA (Infantry General Gustav von Wietersheim) uye maviri emota DPs - yechigumi neimwe uye yechigumi nemana. 31nd Dlek, iyo yakasimbiswa nekutsiviwa kwebhangi rayo rechina ne2rd Panzer Regiment. Muuto rechishanu (Colonel-General Wilhelm List), pamwe chete nemauto maviri evacheche, yaive yechisere SA (Infantry General Eugen Beyer) ine 3th Panzer Division, iyo 13th Dleck uye 29th Mountain Infantry Division. Pamusoro pezvo, 10th SA yaisanganisira 1th Infantry Division uye SS Motorized Regiment "Germania", pamwe nemapoka matatu "akajairwa" evacheche: 65th, 11th uye 14th Infantry Division. Nenzira, iyo yekupedzisira yakaumbwa mazuva mana hondo isati yasvika muOpole, sechikamu chechitatu chekuunganidza.

Mumakore mashanu maGermany akanga atumira zvikamu zvinomwe zvakadzidziswa uye zvakanyatsoshonga panzer uye zvikamu zvina zvechiedza.

Mufananidzo uri pamusoro unoratidza kuti hondo huru yairova yakanga iri Hondo yechigumi, ichibva kuLower Silesia ichipfuura nePiotrkow Trybunalski ichienda kuWarsaw, iyo yakanga ine chitunha chimwe chete chine mapoka maviri akazara ezvombo munhimbe yePoland ya10; vamwe vose vakapararira pakati pemapoka akasiyana-siyana emauto ega ega. Nekurwisa Poland, maGerman akashandisa matangi avo ese panguva iyoyo, uye vakazviita zvirinani kupfuura panguva yeAnschluss yeAustria.

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