Mabhatiri eMota - A Nyore Gaidhi

Unoda bhatiri idzva asi usingazive yekusarudza? Iwe haufanire kuwana PhD mune ino chinyorwa, heino tsananguro yemhando huru dzemabhatiri emotokari uye mimwe mitemo yakapusa yekuasarudza.

Mabhatiri mumotokari akaonekwa zvakanyanya mu20s, apo mainjiniya akafunga kuti mutangi wemagetsi angave wakanakira kutanga injini yekupisa yemukati. Nenzira, simba remagetsi rakaonekwa rinobvumira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kupa magetsi emagetsi kunyange kana injini isiri kushanda. Nekudaro, basa rayo rekutanga richiri kutanga injini, saka mabhatiri emota anonzi madhizaini ekutanga anobvumira kupfuura kwemhepo yakakwira.

Kwemakore akawanda, kusarudzwa kwebhatiri rakakodzera kwakaderedzwa kusvika pakusarudzwa kwemaitiro akakodzera anotsanangurwa nemuiti. Nhasi, kana kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emabhatiri ane zviratidzo zvisinganzwisisike pamasherufu, nyaya yacho hairatidzike nyore. Asi pachitarisiko chete.

Lead acid mabhatiri

Iyi ndiyo mhando yekare yebhatiri, yakagadzirwa muna 1859. Kubva ipapo, nheyo yekuvakwa kwayo haina kuchinja. Iine lead anode, lead oxide cathode uye liquid electrolyte, inova 37% aqueous solution ye sulfuric acid. Kana tichitaura nezvemutobvu, tinoreva chisanganiswa chawo chine antimoni, chine calcium neantimony, chine calcium, kana kuti necalcium nesirivha. Iwo maviri ekupedzisira alloys anotungamira mumabhatiri emazuva ano.

ropafadzo: Zvakanakira zve "standard" mabhatiri zvinosanganisira mutengo wakaderera, kusimba kwepamusoro uye kushorwa kwepamusoro pakubuda kwakadzika. Kuchaja bhatiri "isina" kudzoreredza zvachose ma paramita ekutanga. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti kuchengetedza mamiriro ekubuda akazara kana chidimbu kwenguva yakareba kunotungamirira kuacidification, iyo isingachinjiki inoderedza ma parameter uye inoderedza zvakanyanya kusimba.

urema: Zvakajairwa zvinokanganisa mabhatiri e-lead-acid zvinosanganisira njodzi yeoxidation uye kudiwa kwekugara uchitarisa chiyero che electrolyte. Kushandiswa kwenguva refu pakushomeka kunotungamira mukuderedzwa kwehupenyu hwebhatiri.

kunyoresaA: Lead-asidhi mabhatiri ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa mhando yemabhatiri ekutanga. Muindasitiri yemotokari, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya munenge marudzi ese emota, kusanganisira. mumotokari, marori, midhudhudhu nematarakita.

Gel mabhatiri

Mumabhatiri emhando iyi, iyo electrolyte yemvura inotsiviwa neiyo chaiyo gel inowanikwa nekusanganisa sulfuric acid nesilica. Vatyairi vazhinji vanofunga kuishandisa mumotokari yavo, asi kunyangwe paine mabhenefiti mazhinji, haisi mhinduro inokurudzirwa.

ropafadzoA: Gel mabhatiri ane akawanda mabhenefiti pane wet lead acid mabhatiri. Chekutanga, anogona kuisirwa chero chinzvimbo, anopokana nekudzika kwakadzika uye kunyangwe kwenguva pfupi kushanda munzvimbo yakadzora, Chechipiri, iyo electrolyte muchimiro chegel haiputsi, haidi kukwidziridzwa uye, zvakakosha, njodzi yekudonha yakadzikira zvakanyanya kunyangwe paine kukuvara kwemichina. Chechitatu, mabhatiri egel anopokana nekudedera uye kuvhunduka. Cyclic kupfeka kuramba inosvika 25% yakakwirira kupfuura lead-asidhi mabhatiri.

urema: Kusakosha kukuru kwemabhatiri egel isimba ravo rakaderera pavanenge vachipa mafungu akakwirira, kunyanya pakupisa kwakadzika. Nekuda kweizvozvo, haashandiswe mumotokari semabhatiri ekutanga.

kunyoresa: Gel mabhatiri semayuniti ekutanga anoshandiswa muindasitiri yemotokari, asi chete mumotokari dzine mavhiri maviri, uko kutanga kwemhepo kwakadzikira zvakanyanya, kushanda kunoitika muzhizha, uye nzvimbo yekushanda inogona kutsauka zvakanyanya kubva kune yakatwasuka. Iwo akanakirawo semidziyo yakamira, semuenzaniso mumakaravhani, makambi kana semabhatiri ebetsero mumotokari dziri kunze kwemugwagwa.

Mabhatiri EFB/AFB/ECM

Madimikira anoti EFB (Battery Rakakwenenzverwa), AFB (Advanced Flooded Battery) uye ECM (Enhanced Cycling Mat) anomiririra mabhatiri ehupenyu hurefu. Nezve magadzirirwo, vanoshandisa hombe electrolyte reservoir, lead-calcium-tin alloy plates, uye kaviri-sided polyethylene uye polyester microfiber separators.

ropafadzo: Kuenzaniswa neyakajairwa mabhatiri easidhi, ivo vane kaviri hupenyu hwe cyclic, i.e. yakagadzirirwa kaviri injini yakawanda inotanga semabhatiri akajairwa. Vanonzwa zvakanaka mumotokari dzine nhamba huru yepantographs.

urema: Hupenyu hurefu mabhatiri haapikisane nekubuda kwakadzika, izvo zvinoderedza kugona kwavo. Mutengo wakakwirira zvakare unokanganisa.

kunyoresa: Hupenyu hurefu mabhatiri akagadzirirwa mota dzakashongedzerwa nekutanga-kumisa system uye mota dzine yakakura midziyo yemagetsi. Anogona kushandiswa sechinotsiva mabhatiri ekutungamirira-asidhi.

AGM mabhatiri

Chidimburidzo chekuti AGM (Absorbent Glass Mat) zvinoreva bhatiri rine zvinoparadzanisa zvakagadzirwa negirazi microfiber kana polymer fiber inobata electrolyte zvachose.

ropafadzo: AGM chigadzirwa chinoshanda zvakapetwa katatu, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekutanga, pane bhatiri rakajairwa. Zvimwe zvakanakira zvinosanganisira kuvhunduka kukuru, kuzunguzika kana kuvuza kuramba, kupera simba kwesimba uye kushomeka kwemukati kuramba.

uremaA: Iyo yakakura drawback ndeyechokwadi mitengo yepamusoro yekutenga. Zvimwe zvinosanganisira sensitivity kune overcharging uye tembiricha yakakwirira. Nechikonzero chekupedzisira, ivo vanoiswa mukamuri kana trunk, uye kwete mukamuri yeinjini.

kunyoresa: AGM mabhatiri akanyatsogadzirirwa mota dzakashongedzerwa nekutanga-kumira uye simba rekudzoreredza masisitimu. Nekuda kwekunzwa kwavo kune yakanyanya tembiricha yekushanda, ivo havana kukodzera sekutsiva mabhatiri akajairwa akaiswa mukamuri yeinjini.

Batiri rakanaka kana risina kugadzirisa?

Bhatiri rechinyakare rinoda kugadziriswa nguva nenguva. Nekuda kwekubuda, zvinodikanwa kuzadza chiyero che electrolyte nekuwedzera mvura yakasvibiswa kumasero. Chiyero chakakodzera chakanyorwa pane iyo kesi. Zvakanakira zvemhando iyi yekugadzira zvinosanganisira hupenyu hurefu hwebasa, asi chete pasi pemamiriro ekugara achitarisisa chiyero che electrolyte.

Kuwedzera, isu tiri kubata nekuchengetedza-yemahara mabhatiri, uko iwe haufanirwe kunetseka nezveyero ye electrolyte. Kudonha kwemvura kwakaderera kwakavepo nekuda kwemahwendefa akagadzirwa nealloy yemutobvu ane calcium kana lead ine calcium nesirivha. Muviri wakagadzirwa nenzira yekuti mvura zhinji inodzokera kumvura. Kudzivirira njodzi yekuputika nekuda kwekuwedzeredza, vagadziri vanoshandisa nzira imwe chete yekuyamura valve inonzi VLRA (Valve Regulated Lead Acid).

Bhatiri remangwana

Nhasi, inopfuura 70% yemotokari itsva pamusika dzakashongedzerwa nekutanga-kumisa system. Mugove wavo ucharamba uchiwedzera, saka ramangwana riri pedyo nderemabhatiri ane hupenyu hurefu hwebasa. Kuwedzera, mainjiniya ari kushandisa masisitimu akareruka ekudzoreredza simba, izvo zvinozotungamira mukuwedzera kwechikamu chemusika wemabhatiri eAGM. Asi nguva yemotokari dzakasanganiswa kana dzemagetsi isati yasvika, tinogona kutarisana neimwe diki "revolution" nekuda kwekambani yekuPoland.

Mugadziri webhatiri ZAP Sznajder kubva kuPiastow ane patent yebhatiri kabhoni. Mahwendefa acho akagadzirwa nespongy girazi kabhoni uye akaputirwa nekatetepa kerodhi alloy. Zvakanakira mhinduro iyi zvinosanganisira kureruka kwebhatiri huremu uye kuderera kunofungidzirwa mutengo wekugadzira. Zvakadaro, dambudziko nderekuziva tekinoroji yekugadzira inobvumira mabhatiri akadai kuti agadzirwe zvakanyanya.

Nzira yekusarudza bhatiri rakakodzera?

Chekutanga huwandu hwenzvimbo yatinayo. Bhatiri rinofanira kunge rakakura zvakakwana kuti rikwane pahwaro hwaro. Chechipiri, iyo polarity, kazhinji kurongeka kwacho ndekwekuti kana tichitenga, isu tinofanirwa kuziva kuti nderipi divi rinofanira kuve rakanaka uye iro rinofanira kunge risina kunaka. Kana zvisina kudaro, hatizokwanisi kusvika kune tambo uye hatizokwanisi kubatanidza bhatiri kune chikwata.

Kune yega yega modhi yemotokari, mugadziri akatara yakakodzera mhando yebhatiri. Maparamita ayo - kugona muapere-maawa [Ah] uye kutanga ikozvino muamperes [A] - inotsanangurwa nenzira yekuti inokwana kutanga injini kunyangwe muchando chakanyanya. Kana injini nemagetsi emagetsi ari kushanda zvakanaka uye achitanga zvakanaka, hapana chikonzero chekufunga nezvekushandisa bhatiri hombe kana yakakwirira kutanga ikozvino.

Huru inogona zvimwe?

Kushandisa bhatiri rine yakakwirira parameters kunoita kuti zvive nyore kutanga injini, asi inewo zvakaipira. Yepamusoro yekutanga ikozvino ichabatsira mutangidzi kutanga injini nekukurumidza, asi kazhinji zvinoreva hupenyu hupfupi hwebhatiri. Kuwedzera kutamiswa kunoreva kutanga kwakawanda, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha munguva yechando kune injini dzedhiziri. Patinenge tichishandisa hukuru hukuru, tinofunga nezvechiitiko chekuzvibudisa (inoratidzwa se% maererano nekukwanisa), saka kana tisingawanzoshandisa motokari uye kwenguva pfupi, jenareta inogona kunge isina nguva yekuchaja bhatiri zvizere. , kunyanya kana simba rakawandisa riri duku. Saka kana isu tine bhatiri rine ma parameter akakwirira kupfuura anokurudzirwa, zvine musoro kugara uchitarisa mamiriro ekuchaja kwayo. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti bhatiri rine simba rine simba risingapfuuri 10-15% rinokurudzirwa nemugadziri. Rangarira, zvisinei, kuti bhatiri rakayerwa zvirinani richarema uye rinodhura kutenga, uye rinogonawo kuva nehupenyu hupfupi (high currents, undercharging).