Mota dzine injini inotenderera - ndezvipi zvakanakira?
Zviri mukati
Kazhinji "moyo" wemuchina i-cylinder-piston system, ndiko kuti, yakavakirwa pakudzoka kwekufamba, asi pane imwe sarudzo - rotary injini motokari.
Motokari dzine injini inotenderera - musiyano mukuru
Chinetso chikuru mukushanda kweinjini dzinopisa dzemukati nemasilinda echinyakare ndiko kushandurwa kwekudzokororwa kwekufamba kwepiston kuita torque, pasina izvo mavhiri haatenderere.. Ndokusaka, kubva panguva iyo yekutanga injini yekupisa mukati yakasikwa, masayendisiti uye akazvidzidzisa mechanics akanetsekana pamusoro pekugadzira injini ine zvinhu zvinotenderera chete. Iyo yeGerman nugget technician Wankel akabudirira mune izvi.
Mifananidzo yekutanga yakagadzirwa naye muna 1927, mushure mokunge apedza chikoro chesekondari. Mune ramangwana, makanika akatenga kashopu kadiki ndokusvika pakubata nepfungwa yake. Mugumisiro wemakore akawanda ekushanda waiva muenzaniso wekushanda wejini inotenderera mukati memoto, yakagadzirwa pamwe chete neinjiniya Walter Freude. Iyo michina yakave yakafanana nemota yemagetsi, ndiko kuti, yaive yakavakirwa pane shaft ine trihedral rotor, yakafanana chaizvo neReuleaux triangle, iyo yakavharirwa mukamuri yakaita oval. Makona anozorora pamadziro, achigadzira hermetic inofambiswa kusangana navo.
Iyo mhango ye stator (kesi) yakakamurwa nechepakati muhuwandu hwemakamuri anoenderana nenhamba yemativi ayo, uye matatu makuru kutenderera anoshandiswa kune imwe shanduko ye rotor: jekiseni remafuta, kupisa, kupera gasi kubuda. Muchokwadi, hongu, kune mashanu avo, asi maviri epakati, kudzvanywa kwemafuta uye kuwedzera gasi, anogona kuregererwa. Mukutenderera kumwe kwakazara, 5 marevolutions e shaft anoitika, uye zvichipihwa kuti maviri rotor anowanzo kuisirwa mu antiphase, mota dzine injini inotenderera dzine simba rakapetwa katatu pane yekare cylinder-piston masisitimu.
Injini yedhiziri yerotary yakakurumbira zvakadii?
Mota dzekutanga dzakaiswa Wankel ICE yaive NSU Spider mota dze1964, ine simba re54 hp, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kumhanyisa mota kusvika ku150 km / h. Kupfuurirazve, muna 1967, bhenji vhezheni yeNSU Ro-80 sedan yakagadzirwa, yakanaka uye inoyevedza, ine hood yakatetepa uye trunk yakakwira zvishoma. Hazvina kumbopinda mukugadzirwa kwehuwandu. Zvisinei, motokari iyi ndiyo yakaita kuti makambani akawanda atenge marezinesi einjini yedhiziri inotenderera. Izvi zvaisanganisira Toyota, Citroen, GM, Mazda. Hapana kwakambobata hutsva. Sei? Chikonzero cheizvi kwaiva kukanganisa kwayo kwakakomba.
Iyo kamuri yakaumbwa nemadziro e stator uye rotor zvakanyanya kudarika huwandu hweiyo silinda yekare, iyo mafuta-yemhepo musanganiswa haina kuenzana.. Nekuda kweizvi, kunyangwe nekushandiswa kwekuyerera kwemakenduru maviri, kupisa kwakakwana kwemafuta haavimbiswi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, injini yekupisa yemukati haina hupfumi uye isiri yezvakatipoteredza. Ndicho chikonzero, apo dambudziko remafuta rakatanga, NSU, iyo yakaita bheji painjini dzinotenderera, yakamanikidzwa kusanganiswa neVolkswagen, uko Wankels akasiiwa akasiiwa.
Mercedes-Benz yakabudisa motokari mbiri chete ine rotor - C111 yekutanga (280 hp, 257.5 km / h, 100 km / h mumasekonzi mashanu) uye yechipiri (5 hp, 350 km / h, 300 km / h ye100) sec) zvizvarwa. Chevrolet yakaburitsawo mota mbiri dzekuedza Corvette, ine maviri-chikamu 4.8 hp injini. uye nechina-chikamu che 266 hp, asi zvinhu zvose zvaive zvishoma pakuratidzwa kwavo. Kwemakore maviri, kutanga muna 390, Citroen yakabudisa 2 Citroen GS Birotor motokari dzine simba re 1974 hp kubva pamutsetse wegungano, dzakazodzoserwa kuvharwa, asi dzinenge mazana maviri dzakasara nevatyairi. Saka, kune mukana wekusangana navo nhasi mumigwagwa yeGermany, Denmark kana Switzerland, kunze kwekuti, zvechokwadi, vatenzi vavo vakapiwa kugadziriswa kukuru kwejini inotenderera.
Mazda yakakwanisa kumisikidza yakagadzikana kugadzirwa, kubva 1967 kusvika 1972 1519 Cosmo mota dzakagadzirwa, dzakabatanidzwa muzvikamu zviviri zve343 uye 1176 mota. Munguva imwecheteyo, iyo Luce R130 coupe yakagadzirwa-yakawanda. Wankels akatanga kuiswa pamhando dzose dzeMazda pasina kusarudzika kubva muna 1970, kusanganisira bhazi reParkway Rotary 26, iro rinokura kumhanya kweanosvika 120 km / h nehukuru hwe2835 kg. Panenge panguva imwecheteyo, kugadzirwa kweinjini dzinotenderera kwakatanga muUSSR, zvisinei, pasina rezinesi, uye, saka, ivo vakazosvika kune zvese nepfungwa yavo vachishandisa muenzaniso weWankel akaparadzaniswa neNSU Ro-80.
Budiriro iyi yakaitwa pabazi reVAZ. Muna 1976, injini yeVAZ-311 yakashandurwa zvakanaka, uye makore matanhatu gare gare brand VAZ-21018 ine 70 hp rotor yakatanga kugadzirwa. Ichokwadi, piston yemukati inopisa injini yakakurumidza kuiswa pane yose yakatevedzana, sezvo "wankels" yose yakaputsika panguva yekumhanya-mukati, uye imwe yeinjini inotenderera yaidiwa. Kubva muna 1983, VAZ-411 uye VAZ-413 modhi ye120 uye 140 hp yakatanga kubuda kubva pamutsetse wegungano. zvichiteerana. Vakanga vaine zvikwata zvemapurisa emumigwagwa, Ministry of Internal Affairs neKGB. Rotor ikozvino inongobatwa chete neMazda.
Zvinoita here kugadzirisa injini inotenderera nemaoko ako pachako?
Zvakaoma kuita chero chinhu neWankel ICE uri wega. Chiito chinonyanya kuwanikwa ndechekutsiviwa kwemakenduru. Pamhando dzekutanga, dzakaiswa zvakananga mugomba rakagadziriswa, rakapoteredza iro kwete chete rotor rakatenderera, asiwo muviri pachawo. Gare gare, pane zvinopesana, stator yakaitwa immobile nekuisa 2 makenduru mumadziro ayo akatarisana nejekiseni remafuta uye mavharuvhu ekupedza. Chero rimwe basa rekugadzirisa, kana iwe wakashandiswa kumhando yepiston yemukati injini dzinopisa, hazvigoneke.
Muinjini yeWankel, kune 40% zvishoma zvikamu pane muyero ICE, kushanda kwayo kunobva paCPG (cylinder-piston boka).
Iyo shaft inotakura mitsara inoshandurwa kana mhangura inotanga kuratidzira, nokuda kweizvi tinobvisa magiya, titsive uye tinya magiya zvakare. Zvadaro tinoongorora zvisimbiso uye, kana zvichidiwa, shandura zvakare. Paunenge uchigadzirisa injini inotenderera nemaoko ako pachako, chenjerera paunobvisa uye kuisa mafuta scraper mhete zvitubu, kumberi uye kumashure kwakasiyana muchimiro. Mahwendefa ekupedzisira anotsiviwa zvakare kana zvichidikanwa, uye anofanirwa kuiswa zvinoenderana netsamba yekumaka.
Zvisimbiso zvemakona zvinonyanya kusimudzwa kubva kumberi kwe rotor, zvinokurudzirwa kuti uzviise pagirini Castrol girisi kuti uzvigadzirise panguva yekusangana kwemashini. Mushure mekuisa shaft, zvisimbiso zvekona kumashure zvakaiswa. Paunenge uchiisa gaskets pane stator, zvizodze ne sealant. Apexes ane zvitubu anoiswa mumakona zvisimbiso mushure mekunge rotor yaiswa mu stator housing. Chekupedzisira, kumberi uye kumashure kwechikamu gaskets anozorwa ne sealant mavhavha asati asungwa.
