Hondo yeEast Prussia muna 1945, chikamu chechipiri

Vacheche veSoviet, vachitsigirwa nepfuti-yega SU-76, vakarwisa nzvimbo dzeGermany munzvimbo yeKoenigsberg.

The command of the Army Group "North" akaita nhamburiko dzekusunungura kuvharika kweKoenigsberg uye kudzoreredza kutaurirana kwenyika nemapoka ese emauto. Maodzanyemba-kumadokero kweguta, mudunhu reBrandenburg (Russian Ushakovo), iyo 548th People's Grenadier Division uye Great Germany Panzergrenadier Division yakaiswa,

iyo yakashandiswa muna Ndira 30 kurova kuchamhembe pamwe neVistula Lagoon. IGermany 5th Panzer Division uye 56th Infantry Division yakarwisa kubva kune imwe nzira. Vakakwanisa kumanikidza chikamu che11th Guards Army kuti ibude uye iparadze mukoridho wakafara kiromita imwe nehafu kuenda kuKoenigsberg, iyo yaipiswa neSoviet artillery.

Musi waNdira 31, General Ivan D. Chernyakhovsky akasvika pamhedziso yokuti zvakanga zvisingabviri kutora Koenigsberg kubva mukufora: Zvakava pachena kuti kurwiswa kusina kurongeka uye kusina kunyatsogadzirirwa paKoenigsberg (kunyanya maererano nekuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu) kwaisazotungamirira kubudirira, asi. , pane kudaro, zvaizopa nguva maGermany kuvandudza dziviriro yavo. Chokutanga pane zvose, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuputsa masvingo enhare (nhare, mauto ehondo, nzvimbo dzakasimbiswa) uye kudzima moto wavo. Uye nokuda kweizvi, chiyero chakanaka chezvombo chaidiwa - simba rinorema, guru uye rakakwirira, matangi uye pfuti dzinozvifambisa, uye, zvechokwadi, zvombo zvakawanda. Kunyatsogadzirira kwemauto kurova hazvibviri pasina zororo rekushanda.

Vhiki rakatevera, mapoka e11th Guards Army, "achidzivisa kurwiswa kwehasha kwevaNazi," akasimbisa nzvimbo dzavo uye akachinja kurwisa kwavo kwezuva nezuva, vachiedza kusvika kumhenderekedzo yeVistula Lagoon. Musi waFebruary 6, vakayambuka zvakare mugwagwa mukuru, vachivhara Krulevets kubva kumaodzanyemba - zvisinei, mushure meizvozvo, mauto makumi maviri nemakumi matatu akasara mumakambani evacheche. Mauto emauto echi20 ne30 muhondo dzinotyisa akasunda mapoka evavengi mukati meSambia Peninsula, achigadzira kunze kwakakomberedzwa kumberi.

Musi waKukadzi 9, mukuru we3rd Belorussian Front akaraira mauto kuti aende kunodzivirira kwakasimba uye kugadzirira kurwisa kwemaitiro.

Pakati, mauto e5 ne28 akaenderera mberi muKreuzburg (Russian: Slavskoe) - Preussish Eylau (Ilava Pruska, Russian: Bagrationovsk) bhandi; kuruboshwe rweruboshwe, 2nd Guards uye 31st Mauto, vakamanikidza Lyna, akatamira mberi uye akatora nodes kuramba Legden (Russian Good), Bandel uye hombe mugwagwa panosangana Landsberg (Gurovo Ilavetske). Kubva kumaodzanyemba uye kumadokero, mauto eMarshal K.K. Rokossovsky akamanikidza maGermany. Yakagurwa kubva kumahombekombe, boka revavengi reLidzbar-Warmian raigona kutaurirana nemaGerman chete paaizi yedhamu uye nekuenderera mberi neVistula Spit kuenda kuGdansk. Chifukidziro chemapuranga che "hupenyu hwezuva nezuva" chakabvumira kufamba kwemotokari. Mhomho yevapoteri yakakweverwa kumafashamo muchikamu chisingaperi.

Zvikepe zveGerman zvakaita basa rekununura risati ramboitika, vachishandisa zvese zvaigona kuramba zvakanyura. Pakasvika pakati paFebruary, miriyoni 1,3 kubva muvagari vane mamirioni 2,5 vakanga vabviswa muEast Prussia. Panguva imwecheteyo, Kriegsmarine yakapa tsigiro yezvombo kune mauto epasi mugwara remahombekombe uye aibatikana zvakanyanya mukuendesa mauto. Iyo Baltic Fleet yakatadza kutyora kana kupindira zvakanyanya nekutaurirana kwevavengi.

Mumavhiki mana, chikamu chikuru chenharaunda yeEast Prussia uye kuchamhembe kwePoland chakabviswa mauto eGermany. Munguva yekurwa, vanenge 52 4,3 chete vanhu vakatorwa musungwa. machinda navarwi. Mauto eSoviet akatora pfuti nepfuti zviuru mazana mashanu nemakumi matanhatu nenomwe, matangi makumi mashanu nepfuti.

Mauto eGermany muEast Prussia akagurwa kubva kune yakasara yeWehrmacht uye akakamurwa kuva mapoka matatu akaparadzana kubva kune mumwe. Yokutanga, ine mativi mana, yakasvinwa muGungwa reBaltic paSambia Peninsula; yechipiri, ine zvikamu zvinopfuura zvishanu, pamwe chete nezvikamu kubva kunhare uye zvikwata zvakawanda zvakaparadzana, zvakanga zvakakombwa muKönigsberg; yechitatu, inoumbwa nezvikamu makumi maviri zveHondo yechina uye 4rd Panzer Army, yakanga iri munzvimbo yakakomberedzwa yeLidzbarsko-Warminsky, iri kumaodzanyemba nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweKrulevets, inogara nzvimbo inenge 3 km yakafara pamwe chete nechemberi uye 180 km yakadzika. .

Kubviswa kwemauto aya pasi pechifukidziro cheBerlin kwakanga kusingabvumirwi naHitler, uyo akapikisa kuti chete pamusana penzvimbo dzakasimbiswa dzakapiwa kubva kugungwa uye nekudzivirira nechisimba uye mapoka akapararira emauto eGermany zvingaita here kugadzira mauto makuru eGermany. mauto. Red Army kwenguva yakareba, izvo zvaizodzivirira kutumirwa kwavo kuBerlin kutungamira. ISoviet Supreme High Command, zvakare, yaitarisira kuti kusunungurwa kwemauto ekutanga eBaltic uye 1rd Belorussian fronts kune mamwe mabasa zvaigoneka chete nekuda kwekukurumidza uye kwakasimba kubviswa kwemapoka aya.

Vazhinji vevakuru vemauto eGerman vaisagona kunzwisisa iyi pfungwa yeHitler. Pane rumwe rutivi, Marshal K.K. Rokossovsky haana kuona pfundo mune zvaidiwa naStalin: “Mukuona kwangu, apo East Prussia pakupedzisira yakaparadzaniswa neMadokero, kwakanga kuchibvira kumirira kubviswa kweboka rehondo reGermany rakanga rakapoteredzwa ikoko, uye nemhaka yokudaro. pakusimbaradzwa kweiyo 2nd Belorussian kumberi, mhanyisa sarudzo panzira yeBerlin. Berlin ingadai yawa nekukurumidza. Zvakaitika kuti panguva yechisarudzo, mauto gumi akatorwa neEast Prussian boka (...) Kushandiswa kwemauto akawanda kudaro kurwisa muvengi (...), kure nenzvimbo yakaitika zviitiko zvakakosha. , mumamiriro ezvinhu akamuka munzira yeBerlin, yakanga isina maturo.

Pakupedzisira, Hitler akanga akarurama: pamauto gumi nemasere eSoviet akabatanidzwa mukubviswa kwemabhiriji emahombekombe eGermany, vatatu chete vakakwanisa kutora chikamu mu "hondo huru" dzechirimo cha1945.

Nechisarudzo cheMusoro weSupreme High Command waFebruary 6, mauto e1st uye 2nd Baltic Fronts, achivhara Kurland Army Group, akaiswa pasi pe2nd Baltic Front pasi pemurairo waMarshal L. A. Govorov. Basa rekutora Koenigsberg uye kubvisa zvachose Sambian Peninsula yemuvengi yakaronzeswa kudzimbahwe rekutanga reBaltic Front, rakarairwa neArmy General Ivan Ch. Bagramyan, uyo akatamiswa kubva ku1rd Belorussian Front kuenda kumauto matatu: 3th Guards, 11th uye 39th uye 43st tank zvitunha. Zvakare, Marshal Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky musi wa1 Kukadzi akagamuchira murairo pamusoro pekuendeswa kwemauto mana kune General of the Army Ivan Dmitrievich Chernyakhovsky: 9th, 50rd, 3th uye 48th Guards Tank. Pazuva rimwe chetero, General Chernyakhovsky akarairwa, pasina kupa maGerman kana mauto ake zororo, kuti apedze kukundwa kwe5th Army yeGeneral Wilhelm Muller nevechiuto pasina kupera kwaFebruary 20-25.

Somugumisiro wehondo dzine ropa, dzisingatauriki uye dzisina kukanganisa, - anoyeuka Lieutenant Leonid Nikolayevich Rabichev, - mauto edu neGermany akarasikirwa nehafu yevashandi vavo uye akatanga kurasikirwa nekubudirira kwekurwa nekuda kwekuneta kwakanyanya. Chernihovsky akarayira kuti afambire mberi, vakuru vemauto - vatungamiri vemauto, zvitunha uye mapoka - vakarayirawo, Headquarters yakapenga, uye mauto ose, brigades akasiyana, mauto uye makambani akafamba-famba pakarepo. Uye zvino, kuitira kuti vamanikidze mauto akaneta nehondo kuti afambire mberi, muzinda wemauto akaswedera pedyo nemutsetse wekuonana pedyo nepaaigona napo, muzinda wemauto wakakura pamwe chete nedzimbahwe rezvitunha, uye muzinda wemauto. mapoka akaswedera kune regiments. Vakuru vemauto vakaedza kusimudza mauto nemakambani kuti varwe, asi hapana chakabuda, kutozosvikira nguva yasvika apo varwi vedu neveGermany vakabatwa nekusakendenga kusingadzoreki. VaGermany vakadzokera shure kweanenge makiromita matatu, uye isu takamira.