Kurwisa kushandiswa kweNakajima Ki-44 Shōki, chikamu 2

Ki-44-II hei (2068) yakabatwa nevaAmerica muPhilippines uye yakaedzwa neTAIU-SWPA seS11. MuAllied Codex, Ki-44 yainzi Tojo naJohn; iyo yekupedzisira yakazosiiwa.

Varwi veKi-44 Shoki vakaonekwa kumberi kutanga kwaDecember 1941, asi vakatanga kushongedza mauto evarwi munhamba huru chete muna 1943. Pakutanga, China neManchuria ndidzo dzaiva nzvimbo dzavo huru dzehondo. Pakupera kwa1944, Ki-44 yakatora chikamu mukudzivirira kwePhilippines, uye pakutanga kwa1945, mukudzivirira zvivako zveoiri muSumatra. Mumwedzi yekupedzisira yehondo, basa rekutanga rezvikamu zveKi-44 raive rekuchengetedza zvitsuwa zveJapan kubva pakurohwa nemhepo nemabhomba eAmerican B-29.

Southeast Asia

Yekutanga mauto ehondo yeImperial Army kugamuchira Ki-44 yaive 47th Dokuritsu Chutai (yakaparadzana squadron), yakaumbwa muTachikawa munaNovember 1941 pasi pekuraira kwaShosa (Major) Toshio Sakagawa (gare gare ace akakunda kukunda gumi nemashanu) . kuaccount yake). Inozivikanwa zvisina kufanira seShinsengumi (zita reEdo-nguva samurai unit yakagadzirwa kudzivirira Kyoto) kana Kawasemi-tai (Kingfisher Group), chinangwa chikuru chechikwata chaive chekuyedza murwi mutsva mumamiriro ekurwa uye kuwana ruzivo nekushandiswa kwayo. . Chikwata ichi chakagamuchira zvipfumbamwe zveKi-15 prototypes, uye vashandi vayo vaive nevatyairi vendege vane ruzivo vakatumwa kubva kuHiko Jikkenbu nemauto ehondo. Yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu (hentai), ndege nhatu imwe neimwe.

Imwe yekuwedzera Ki-44 (4408) prototypes ye 47th Dokuritsu Chūtai paSaigon Airport muIndochina, December 1941. Ndege yakafambiswa naTaii (Captain) Yasuhiko Kuroe, mukuru we3 Hentai.

Musi waZvita 9, 1941, zuva rakatevera mushure mekunge Japan yatanga kurwisana kuFar East (kudivi rekumadokero kweInternational Date Line, hondo yakatanga neMuvhuro, Zvita 8), mauto akasvika muSaigon, kwayaive pasi pemauto. murairo we3rd Hikoshidan (Aviation division). Mundege kubva kuTachikawa kuenda kuSaigon, kumhara kuGuangzhou, varwi veKi-44 vakaperekedzwa nemabhomba maviri uye ndege yekutakura yakatakura kuchengetedza uye zvakakosha zvepasi.

Kweakawanda aDecember, vatyairi ve47th Chutai Regiment vakatenderera nzvimbo yakatenderedza Saigon. Yakanga isiri kusvika 24 Zvita iyo squadron yakarairwa kuti iendeswe kuDon Muang Airport pedyo neBangkok, Thailand, kuti itore chikamu mukurwisa kukuru muguta guru reBurmese Yangon zuva raitevera. Munguva yekubhururuka, nekuda kwematambudziko ehunyanzvi, matatu Ki-44s (kusanganisira Major Sakagawa) akaita emergency kumhara. Nekuda kweizvozvo, musi waDecember 25, Ki-44s haina kutora chikamu mukupamba, yakasara munzvimbo yeDon Muang kuitira kuti nhandare yendege yakarwiswa nendege yevavengi. Pakarepo mushure mekuita uku kusina kubudirira, 47 Chutai akadzokera kuSaigon.

Kusangana kwekutanga kweKi-44 nemuvengi kwakaitika muna Ndira 15, 1942 panguva yekutanga kubhururuka kwe47th Chutai Regiment pamusoro peSingapore. Panguva ino, chikwata chakaendeswa kuKuantan muMalaya, pedyo nenzvimbo yehondo. Musi wa15 Ndira, maKi-44 maviri akadhumhana neBuffalo imwe chete ye488. No. 47 Squadron, Royal New Zealand Air Force. Mushure mekubhomba kwenguva pfupi, murwi weAllied akawira pasi. Uku kwaive kuhwina kwekutanga kwemuchadenga kunonzi kuChutai yechishanu.

MaKi-44s akagara muKuantan kusvika Kukadzi, achitora chikamu mune akati wandei mamwe maitiro, ese ari emahara fighter uye bomber escort patrols uye sevhavha yemauto convoys. Musi waNdira 18, tichiperekedza Ki-21 mabhomba kubva ku12th Sentai (Air Group) ichirwisa Singapore, vatyairi ve47th Chutai Regiment vakashuma imwe nyati yakapfura. Zvakare, musi wa26 Ndira, pamusoro peEndau, vachidzosa kurwiswa nevabhomba veBritish Vickers Vildebeest naFairey Albacore, vatyairi vezvikwata zviviri vakashuma imwe ndege yakadonha. Mutyairi wechi47 weChutai ainyanya kushanda aive Tayi (Kaputeni) Yasuhiko Kuroe uyo akataura kuti akapfura ndege nhatu dzevavengi pakupera kwekurwa muMalaya.

Muna Ndira/Kukadzi 1942, simba remauto rakaderedzwa kusvika matatu chete maKi-44 anoshanda, saka mauniti akagovera kwekanguva maKi-27 matatu echikuru, uye chikamu chevashandi chakatumirwa kuJapan kunotumirwa nekukurumidza kweanoverengeka Ki-44-I. ndege. Pakati paFebruary, yakasimbiswa nemidziyo mitsva, 47th Chuthai Regiment yakaendeswa kuMoulmein muBurma ndokuiswa pasi pemurairo we5th Hikosidan Regiment. Vatyairi veKi-44 vakatora chikamu mune zvakati wandei, kusanganisira kupambwa kwendege yeMingaladon musi wa25 Kukadzi, vachizivisa kupfurwa kwendege mbiri dzevavengi muhondo iyi. Aka kaive kekutanga kusangana pakati pemhepo pakati peKi-44 neCurtiss P-40 kubva kuAmerican Volunteer Group (AVG). Muhondo iyi, mumwe wevatyairi veKi-44 akakuvadzwa. Zuva rakatevera, kuvhozhokera kweMingaladon kwakadzokororwa.

Musi wa 4 Kurume vatyairi vendege yechi47 Chutai vakapfura nhamba 45 pamusoro peSittang Blenheim 21 Squadron RAF. Mazuva mashomanana gare gare, chikamu chakaendeswa kuKhleg (Pegu). Musi wa47 Kurume, mauto akatambura kurasikirwa kwayo kwekutanga uye kwega panguva ino yehondo apo Chui (q.v.) Sunji Sugiyama akatadza kudzoka kubva kundege yekucherechedza masikati pamusoro peTaungoo. Kuparara kwendege yake, nemutyairi wendege akanga afa munzvimbo inochengeterwa ndege, kwakazowanikwa pedyo neBasin. Mukutanga kwaKubvumbi, 25 Chutai akaendeswa kwenguva pfupi kuTaungoo. Musi waApril 1942, vhiki imwe pashure pokunge Doolittle yarwisa Japan, mauto acho akadzoserwa kuJapan nokukurumidza. Chikamu chakatumirwa kuChofu pedyo neTokyo, kwayakagara kusvika Gunyana XNUMX.

Ki-44s yakaonekwa zvakare pamusoro peBurma mukupera kwa1943. Musi waOctober 10, motokari ina dzerudzi urwu dzakaenda ku64th Sentai Regiment yakamira muMingaladon, yakashongedzerwa neKi-43s. Kusvika kwavo muBurma zvimwe kwakakonzerwa nekuwedzera kwendege dzeAllied paRangoon nendege dzayo. Varwi veKi-43 vaishandiswa neSentai base muBurma havana kukwanisa kurwisa mabhomba anorema.

27 Mbudzi American B-24 Liberator mabhomba kubva ku7th uye 308th Bombardment Groups uye B-25 Mitchells kubva ku490th Bomber Squadron kubva ku341st BG, inoperekedzwa neP-38 Mheni kubva ku459th Fighter Squadron uye P-51 Mustangth kubva kuA530As Squadron kubva ku311th Fighter Group yakabhururuka kuenda kuRangoon nebasa rekurwisa njanji yemunharaunda uye zvitoro zvekugadzirisa. Kubatwa kweAmerican expedition kwakabhururuka kunze, kusanganisira vasere veKi-43 varwi uye imwe Ki-44 kubva ku3 Chuchai ye64th Sentai, pamwe nemapatya-injini Ki-45 kai kubva ku21st Sentai. Mushure mehondo inotyisa, vatyairi vendege vekuJapan vakashuma kudonhedza matatu B-24s, maviri P-38s, uye mana P-51s. Kurasikirwa kwavo kwakaganhurirwa kune imwe Ki-43 (imwe yakakuvadzwa zvakaipisisa), imwe Ki-44 (mutyairi wayo akaurayiwa) uye kanenge imwe Ki-45 kai.

Pane mufananidzo wekuparara kweKi-44-II yakapfurwa pamusoro peBurma ine chidimbu chechiratidzo chinoonekwa pamutumbi unoratidza kuti mota yaive ye50th Sentai. Zvinongozivikanwa kuti chikwata ichi - chakabva chamira muBurma uye chakashonga nevarwi veKi-43 - chakagamuchira maKi-10 muna Gumiguru 1943, 44. Nekudaro, hapasisina ruzivo rwakadzama nezvekushandisa kwavo. Zvingangodaro, Ki-44s yakaramba iine 50th Sentai chete kusvika muchirimo cha1944 (yakafanana ne64th Sentai), ichitora chikamu muhondo dzehondo nendege yeUS inobhururuka pamusoro peHimalayas. Pane chimwe chezviito izvi muna Ndira 18, 1944, Curtiss P-40N vatyairi kubva ku89th Squadron / 80th FG vakashuma, kunyanya, kukanganisa kune imwe Ki-44.