Lvov-Sandomierz inogumbura oparesheni.

Matangi eGermany PzKpfw VI Tygrys nePzKpfw V Pantera, akapfurwa pedyo neDrokhobych; Western Ukraine, Nyamavhuvhu 1944

Zviito zvakabudirira zvemauto eSoviet muBelarus zvakagadzira mamiriro akanaka ekugumburisa kwe1944 Ukrainian Front (1st UV) munzira yeLviv-Sandomierz pakati paChikunguru 1. Musi waMay 25, kufora kwakatora murairo we1st FI kubva kuna Marshal Georgy Zhukov. Ivan Konev.

Pakutendeuka kwemakiromita 440, kuenda kumadokero kweKovel, Tarnopol neKolomyia, boka remauto "Northern Ukraine" richitungamirirwa neField Marshal Walter Model rakatora chikamu chikuru chemauto aro. Yaisanganisira mauto echiGerman ekutanga uye echina, pamwe neuto rekutanga reHungary, mumapoka makumi matatu nemana evacheche, mapoka mashanu ematangi, 1 mota uye maviri evacheche brigades. Pamwe chete zvaipfuura 4 1 masoja nevakuru, 34 pfuti nedhaka, 5 matangi uye pfuti. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvikamu zvebapiro reruboshwe re1 Panzer Army rakanga riri mberi kwemauto e2th Belorussian Front. 600 ndege dzakaiswa kuti dzitsigire mashandiro ekudzivirira e6300th Air Fleet. Murairo weGermany waitarisira kuti nemauto aya aizobata chikamu cheUkraine mumaoko ake, uye zvakare kuvhara nzira dzinoenda kumaodzanyemba kwePoland neCzechoslovakia, iyo yaiva yakakosha zvikuru mune zvehupfumi uye zvehurongwa.

Sezvo vakatambura kukundwa mubhengi rekurudyi kuUkraine uye vachitarisira kutsva "Stalinist kurova", maGermany akasimbisa zvechokwadi uye akavandudza nzvimbo dzavo dzekudzivirira, kunyanya munzira yeLvov. Mitsetse mitatu yezvidziviriro yakasikwa pairi, asi kusati kwatanga kurwisa kwemauto eSoviet, maviri chete akagadzirirwa, achigadzira tactical line yekudzivirira. Zvikamu zvishanu zvematangi, imwe motokari uye mapoka matatu evacheche akashanda munzvimbo yakachengetwa nevakuru vemauto uye GA "Northern Ukraine".

Lvov operation

Yekutanga Ukrainian Front yaisanganisira: 1st, 1rd uye 3th Guards, 5th, 13th, 18th uye 38th mauto, 60st uye 1rd Guards uye wechina I tank mauto, 3nd mauto emhepo, 4th Varindi, 2th uye 4st matangi mauto, 25st varindi vatasvi vemabhiza. mutumbi. zvitunha, pamwe neCzechoslovak 31st Army Corps. Pakazara, kumberi kwaive nemapoka makumi manomwe nemana evacheche, 1 evatasvi vemabhiza, 6 mauto ehondo, 1 Sentinel dhaka division (artillery rocket launchers), 74 mechanized corps, 6 tank corps, 4 akaparadzana brigades, 1 akaparadzana matangi regiments uye anozvifambisa. pfuti. - vanenge mamiriyoni 3 masoja nevakuru, 7 pfuti uye dhaka, 4 artillery rocket launchers, 17 matangi uye 1,2 self-propelled pfuti, 15 kurwisa ndege. Iri ndiro raive boka guru repamberi rakaumbwa kusvika zvino.

Mutsara wemasoja euto reHungary anopfuura nemota yemukuru weGA "Northern Ukraine" Field Marshal Walter Model.

Nezvekuvhiya kunotarisirwa, Mutungamiriri Mukuru-Mukuru akaita musangano unokosha muKremlin musi waChikumi 23, apo Konev akashuma nezvechisarudzo chake chekutanga kurohwa kuviri: paLvov uye Ravsko-Rusyn mirayiridzo. Izvi zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuparadzanisa boka rehondo reGA "Northern Ukraine", kukomberedza uye kuparadza muvengi munharaunda yeBrody. Urongwa uhwu hwakakonzera kusachengetedzwa kubva kuna Stalin, uyo akafunga kuti hazvina maturo kuparadzira mauto munzvimbo huru. "Mukuru" akarayira kurova kamwe - paLvov, achiisa simba rake rose uye nzira mairi.

Bhiza rakasimudzwa, richikakavara kuti kurova kwaizobvumira muvengi kuti afambise zvine hungwaru uye mota dzehungwaru dzakachengetwa uye dzinonangisa ndege dzese munzvimbo imwechete. Pamusoro pezvo, kurwiswa nerimwe remapoka ezviratidziro muchikamu chakanyanya kusimbaradzwa hakuzotungamira mukubuda kwedziviriro, asi kune kusindimara kwekubudirira kwemitsara inoteedzana yekudzivirira uye haizogadziri hukuru hwekushanda. Pakupedzisira, mutungamiriri wepamberi akadzivirira maonero ake. Musi waChikumi 24, Stalin akabvumidza chirongwa chekushanda chakarongwa nevemberi, asi mukuparadzana akati: Ramba uchifunga, Konev, kuti kuvhiyiwa kunofanira kufamba zvakanaka uye kuunza mhedzisiro inotarisirwa.

Basa repamberi raive: kupaza neGA "Northern Ukraine", kupedza kusunungurwa kweUkraine uye kuendesa hutsinye kunharaunda yePoland. Oparesheni iyi yakaitwa mukubatana nemauto ekutanga eBelorussian Front achienderera mberi paLublin. Yaifanirwa kurova zvibhakera zviviri zvine simba kubapiro rekurudyi uye nepakati uye kutyora kumberi kuita zvikamu zviviri, 1-60 km kubva kune mumwe. Yokutanga yaifanirwa kuitwa kubva kunharaunda kumadokero kweLutsk munzira yeSokal neRava Russkaya, yechipiri - kubva munharaunda yeTarnopol kuenda kuLvov, nebasa rekukunda boka reLvov reGermany, kutora Lvov nenhare yePrzemysl.

Mauto ekurova munzira yeLutsk aisanganisira: 3rd Guards Mauto aGordov Vasily Grigorievich, Hondo yechigumi nenhatu yaLieutenant General Nikolai Pavlovich Pukhov, 13st Guards Tank Army yeColonel General Katukov M.E., Cavalry Mechanized Group (inosanganisira 1th Tank Corps). uye 25st Guards Cavalry Corps) vachitungamirirwa naLieutenant General Viktor Baranov. Kurwiswa uku kwakatsigirwa nemauto mana endege e1nd Air Army.

"Chibhakera" chaifanira kurova munzira yeLvov chaisanganisira: Hondo yechimakumi matanhatu yeColonel General Pavel A. Kurochkin, Hondo yechimakumi matatu nesere yeColonel General Kirill Sergeevich Moskalenok, 60rd Guards Tank Army yeColonel General Pavel Rybalka, 38th Army: Tank Army of Lieutenant General Dmitry Lkhatenko, Cavalry Mechanized Boka raLieutenant General Sergei Sokolov rinosanganisira: 3st Tank Corps uye 4th Guards Cavalry Corps. Tsigiro yemhepo yakapihwa nemauto mashanu emhepo.

Muchikwata chekurova chaifambira mberi paLutsk, yaifanirwa kutarisisa zvikamu gumi nemana zvepfuti, zvitunha zviviri zvematangi, imwe yakashongedzwa nevatasvi vemabhiza, mapoka maviri ezvombo zvebudiriro - pfuti 12 nedhaka, matangi 14 uye pfuti dzinozvifambisa. pfuti dzinozvifambisa, 3250 ndege. Pachikamu chemakiromita gumi nemana cheLvov, zvikamu gumi neshanu zvevacheche, tangi ina, maviri akashongedzerwa uye rimwe mauto evatasvi vemabhiza, pamwe nemapoka maviri ekuputika kwepfuti - 717 pfuti nedhaka, matangi 1300 uye pfuti dzinozvifambisa, ndege dze14 dzaifanira kurova. .

Pazuva rechishanu rekuvhiyiwa, 3rd Guards uye 4th Tank mauto, mukurwiswa kwakadzika kumaodzanyemba nekuchamhembe kweLvov, vakasvika kumutsara weNemirov-Yavorov, kure kure kumadokero kweguta.

Kuruboshwe rworuboshwe rwemberi, mujinga meCarpathians, mauto e1 Guards Army, Colonel General Andrei Grechka uye 18th Army, Lieutenant General Evgeny Petrovich Zhuravlev vakamira. Vachitora mukana wekubudirira kwevavakidzani vayo, mauto eGreek, agadzira boka rekurova kwemapoka mashanu evacheche uye 4th Guards Tank Corps, aifanirwa kuenda kunogumbura, kutora bhiriji mudunhu reGalich, nekudaro achivhara zviito zve. mauto akananga kuLvov. Mauto eZhuravlev, aishanda kumaodzanyemba kweDniester, aive nebasa rekubata miganhu yakagarwa uye kugadzirira kurwisa munzira yeStanislavov.

Munzvimbo yekuchengetedza yekumberi kwaive ne5th Guards Army (mapoka mapfumbamwe) eColonel-General Alexei Sergeevich Zhadov, akatamiswa kubva ku2 Ukrainian Front, pamwe ne47th Rifle Corps nekuraira kweHofisi yeSupreme High Command.

Sezvo vatanga kurwisa, mapoka ekuramwa aifanira kukunda mauto makuru evavengi, uye chikamu chemauto avo aifanira kuita nzira yekutenderera uye kuparadza maumbirwo eGerman munzvimbo yeBrody. Ipapo vaifanira kutora guta, vachigadzira kurwisa uye kunzvenga Lvov kubva kuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero. Pazuva rechishanu rekushanda, zvakarongwa kusvika kumuganhu: Hrubieszow - Tomaszow - Nemirov - Yavoruw - Radlów. Pachikamu chechipiri chekushanda, kuramwa kwakaendeswa kune nzira yeSandomierz kuitira kumanikidza Vistula uye kugadzira bhiriji rekushanda hombe pedyo neSandomierz. Mukuita, kurongeka kwekupoteredzwa kwakabatanidzwa nematambudziko makuru, sezvo mberi pamutsara wekutumirwa kwemapoka ekuvhundutsa akatambanudzwa mumutsara wakarurama, pasina mabhendi.

Musi waChikunguru 10, Dzimbahwe rakazobvumira chirongwa chokushanda. Murayiro wakapiwawo kushandisa mauto ane zvombo uye boka revatasvi vemabhiza kuti vaparadze kudzivirira, uye kusava nechokwadi kwakaratidzwa pamusoro pekukwanisa kuyambuka nzvimbo netsoka nekumhanya kwe35 km pazuva, sezvakarongwa naKonev. Mutungamiriri wepamberi akamanikidzwa kubvumirana uye kuita shanduko kuchirongwa chekushandiswa kwemauto ane zvombo: zvino vaifanira kuunzwa muhondo pazuva rechipiri rekuvhiya mushure mekunge mauto akabatana aputsa nzvimbo yekudzivirira yemuvengi.

Kuvhara kugadzirira kwekuvhiyiwa, dzimbahwe repamberi rakagadzira chirongwa chekushanda checamouflage, icho chakapa kuenzanisa kwekusangana kwemauto maviri uye matangi echitunha kuruboshwe rwekumberi, mumapoka e1 Guards Army uye mauto. 18th Army. Nokudaro, kutevedzera hukuru hwekutakura matangi uye pfuti dzinozvifambisa dzakatanga, nzvimbo dzekuburutsa mapoka ezvombo dzakafananidzwa, nzira dzekufamba kwavo kunzvimbo dzevasungwa dzakarondedzerwa, uye tsamba dzakasimba dzakaitwa mumhepo. Huwandu hukuru hwemhando dzematangi, mota, artillery uye zvimwe zvishandiso zvakaratidzwa panzvimbo dzenhema. Nhandare dzendege dzemanyepo nendege dzakafukidzwa nemakiyi ebasa revarwi kusimbisa huchokwadi hwavo. Mapoka ekucherekedza akamira munzvimbo dzakawanda dzekugara, achisarudza nzvimbo dzekugara "mahofisi makuru nemauto anosvika."

Hungarian neGerman matangi ane PzKpfw VI Ausf. E Tiger; Western Ukraine, Chikunguru 1944

Pasinei nekushandiswa kwenzira dzakanyanyisa dzekuvanza, zvakanga zvisingabviri kunyengera zvachose muvengi. MaGerman aitarisira kufambira mberi kwemauto e1st Ukrainian Front, kunyanya akananga kuLviv, uko kwakaiswa nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza - 1st Panzer Corps (8th uye 20th Panzer Divisions uye 1st Motorized Division) yeGeneral Herman Breit. Vakaziva maitiro uye kuumbwa kwemauto akasanganiswa ehondo, vakaronga mafambiro ekurova kuri kuuya, uye akaronga matanho ekupikisa, kunyanya kubviswa kumutsara wechipiri wekudzivirira pamwe nechikamu chikuru chekumberi. Mukuru we160 Panzer Army, General Erhard Raus, akayeuka kuti aiziva nekururama kwakakwana nzira yekurwisa kukuru kweRusyn, iyo sappers yake yakaisa vanhu 200 XNUMX. anti-personnel migodhi uye zviuru makumi mashanu zvemigodhi yeanti-tangi. Kubvisa kwakavanda, kusindimara kuramba mukudzika, kurwisa pasina kunonoka uchishandisa maumbirwo ekumhanya-akadaro aive maitiro ekudzivirira kweGerman. Nguva chete ndiyo yaisazivikanwa, mukuru wemauto akabvisa mauto ake kubva kumutsara wekutanga wedziviriro kwehusiku hutatu hwakatevedzana, ndokuzongovaudza kuti vadzokere kumutsara waimbogara. Chokwadi, vakatadza kuona kutumirwazve kweuto reTangi reKatukov kumaodzanyemba kweLutsk.