British Strategic Aviation kusvika 1945 chikamu 1
Wellington yekutanga vhezheni yekugadzira - Mk IA. Aya mabhomba akanyimwa nzvimbo dzekupfura nendege, iyo yakashandiswa zvisina tsitsi nevatyairi vemauto eGerman panguva yehondo yembwa mukupera kwa1939.
Kusikwa kweBritish Strategic Aviation kwaitungamirwa nepfungwa dzechimbichimbi dzekugadzirisa gakava uye kuputsa kugadzikana kwehondo. Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga haina kubvumira pfungwa idzi dzakashinga kuti dziedzwe, saka mumakore ehondo uye kurwisana kwenyika kunotevera, vaoni uye "varons" vezvekubhururuka kwendege vakaramba vakaedza kuratidza kuti ndivo vaitungamirira chombo chine simba rekuchinja. Chinyorwa chinopa nhoroondo yezvishuvo zveshungu izvi.
Mukati meHondo yeNyika I, kushanda kwemhepo kwakava rudzi rutsva rwehondo. Makore anopfuura gumi apfuura kubva pakubudirira kwekutanga kubhururuka kwehama dzeWright kusvika pakutanga kwehondo, uye makore matatu kubva panguva yekutanga kubhomba neAir Force yeItaly panguva yehondo yeItalo-Turkish muna 1911. Zvakanga zviri pachena kuti kubhururuka kwendege, nekusiyana-siyana kukuru uye kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana, kwaifanira kunge kwave kuchifadza kune vanoongorora uye vaoni, avo vanenge kubva pakutanga vakaita zvirongwa zvakashinga - uye mauto pachawo, ayo aitarisira zvishoma kubva kundege uye mapiyona emuchadenga. Asi ngatitangei kubva pakutanga.
Hondo Yenyika I: manyuko uye mavambo edzidziso
Bomba rekutanga reRAF, iro Royal Naval Air Service, rakaitika muna Gumiguru 8, 1914, apo mota dzaisimuka kubva kuAntwerp dzakabudirira kubhomba maGerman airship hangars muDüsseldorf nemabhomba eHales '20-pound. Zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti iyi ndiyo yekutanga hurongwa hwekushanda kwemhepo, sezvo yakanga yakananga kwete kumauto panhandare yehondo, asi nenzira yekuendesa hondo kumwoyo wenharaunda yemuvengi. Pakanga pasina mabhomba akasimba panguva iyoyo - chimiro chendege chakatemwa nenzira yekushandisa, uye kwete nemidziyo; mabhomba akadonhedzwa nemaoko uye "neziso", sezvo pakanga pasina mabhomba. Zvakangodaro, padanho rekutanga mukuvandudzwa kwendege yemauto, vagari vemo vakanzwa kuravira kwekurova kwemhepo, uye kunyangwe ndege dzeGerman nendege, izvo zvakaonekwa zvishoma nezvishoma pamusoro peEngland kubva muna Ndira 1915, hazvina kukonzera kukanganisa kukuru kwezvinhu, mhedzisiro yetsika. yakanga yakakura uye isingaenzaniswi nekukuvara kwakakonzerwa. Zvisinei, kuita kwakadaro hakumboshamisi. Kudonha kubva mumhepo, kunokwanisa kushamisa munhu kunyange ari pamubhedha wake waiita sewakachengeteka, chaive chiitiko chitsva chose munzanga yakasimudzwa mumweya wehondo yevarume; Mhedzisiro yacho yakawedzera nekusarongeka kwakazara kwezviitiko zvakadaro - chero munhu, kunyangwe mambo, anogona kuve akabatwa nechisimba, pamwe nekusashanda kwekutanga kwemaitiro ekudzivirira. Pakupera kwechirimo cha1917, mauto eGerman mabhomba akatanga kuoneka masikati kunyange pamusoro peLondon pachayo, uye kuedza kwevadziviriri pakutanga kwakanga kusina maturo - semuenzaniso, musi waJune 13, 1917, kupikisa kurwiswa kwemhepo kwe21 Gotha. vanobhomba, 14 vavo vakananga kuguta guru, vakabvisa ndege 92 dzisina kubudirira 1. Voruzhinji vainetseka zvikuru, uye zviremera zveBritain zvaifanira kuita chimwe chinhu. Mauto edziviriro akarongwa zvakare uye akasimbiswa, achimanikidza maGerman kuenda kunorwisa ndege dzehusiku, uye yaive nebasa rekugadzira mauto avo emhepo emhando yakafanana kuti arove panhandare yeindasitiri yeGerman; Chido chekutsiva chakaitawo basa rinokosha pano.
Zvose izvi zvinofanira kunge zvakatora fungidziro; VaBritish vakazviona vega kuti iyi nzira itsva yehondo yaive nehunyanzvi hukuru - kunyangwe nzendo diki dzemabhomba kana ndege dzega dzendege dzakatungamira kuziviswa kwekurwiswa kwemhepo, kumisa basa mumafekitori, kushushikana kwakanyanya kwevanhu, uye dzimwe nguva zvinhu. kurasikirwa. Kuwedzera kune izvi kwaiva chido chokuputsa mhirizhonga muHondo yeTrench, iyo yakanga iri itsva uye inotyisa; vakasimbiswa nekushaya simba kwevakuru vemauto epasi, avo kwemakore anoda kusvika matatu vaisagona kushandura chimiro chehondo iyi. Mauto eMhepo, sokunge zvakadaro, akapa imwe shanduko mumamiriro ezvinhu aya - kukunda muvengi kwete nekubvisa "manpower" ake, asi nekushandisa indasitiri yemaindasitiri inomugadzira uye inomupa nzira dzehondo. Ongororo yeiyi pfungwa yakaratidza chimwe chinhu chisingadzivisiki chine chekuita nehurongwa hwekufambisa kwemhepo - nyaya yekutyisa kwemhepo nemhedzisiro yaro pahunhu hwevagari vemo, avo vakashanda nekuzvipira kuzere uye nekuwedzera kwevashandi munyika yavo kubvumira masoja kuti arambe achirwa mukati. mitsara yekumberi. Kunyange zvazvo zviri pamutemo mativi ose emakakatanwa aigara achitaura kuti zvinangwa zvekushanda kwavo kwemhepo pamusoro penyika yemuvengi zvaingove zvinonangwa nemauto, mukuita munhu wese aiziva nezvekukanganisa kwebhomba pahunhu hweveruzhinji.
