Romanian uto muhondo Odessa muna 1941.

Panyaya yekudzikira kwenzvimbo yeSouthern Front, veSoviet Supreme High Command vakasarudza kubvisa Odessa kuitira kushandisa mauto akamira ipapo kusimbisa kudzivirira kweCrimea neSevastopol. Mumufananidzo: mauto eRomania anopinda muguta.

Pakatanga kurwiswa neGermany kweSoviet Union musi waChikumi 22, 1941 (Operation Barbarossa), rimwe remauto ekutanga akabatana ayo, pamwe chete neWehrmacht, akapinda mukati meUSSR, raive mauto eRomania.

Muna September 1939, Romania yakaramba isina kwayakarerekera payakatarisana nokukunda kweGermany neSoviet kwePoland. Nekudaro, Germany yakadzora nyika ino zvishoma nezvishoma mune zvehupfumi uye nezvematongerwo enyika, ichishandisa Romanian fascist Iron Guard movement inotungamirwa naHoria Sim, yakatarisana nehupofu hweTatu Reich nemutungamiri wayo Adolf Hitler. Zviito zveGermany zvakawana ivhu rakaorera sezvo Romania yainzwa kuwedzera kutyisidzirwa neSoviet Union. IU.SR, ichishandisa zviga zveRibbentrop-Molotov Pact yaAugust 1939, yakamanikidza Romania kutamisa Bessarabia neNorthern Bukovina muna June 1940. Muna July, Romania yakabuda muLeague of Nations. Kumwe kurwadza kwakaitika munyika yacho kwakaitika neaizobatsirana naye munguva yemberi apo Germany neItaly dzakawedzera kutsigira mutemo weHungary, dzichimanikidza hurumende yeRomania kupa chimwe chikamu chenharaunda yeRomania kuHungary. Sechikamu cheVienna Arbitration yaNyamavhuvhu 30, 1940, Maramures, Krishna uye kuchamhembe kweTransylvania (43 km²) yakaendeswa kuHungary. MunaGunyana, Romania yakasiya Southern Dobruja kuBulgaria. Mambo Charles II haana kuponesa hurumende yeMutungamiriri wehurumende J. Gigurt uye pana September 500, 4, General Ion Antonescu akava mutungamiriri wehurumende, uye Horia Sima akava mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wehurumende. Achidzvinyirirwa nehurumende itsva uye mafungiro evanhu vose, mambo akarega achitsigira mwanakomana wake Michael I. Musi waNovember 1940, Romania yakagamuchira chibvumirano cheAnti-Comintern Pact uye yakaramba vimbiso dzeBritain, uhwo hwaiva hunyengeri. The Iron Guard yakanga ichigadzirira kupandukira kutora masimba ose. Rangano racho rakafumurwa, varangana vakasungwa kana kuti, saHoria Sima, vakatizira kuGermany. Hondo dzenguva dzose dzakaitika pakati pemauto eRomania nemauto emauto; Vanhu zviuru zviviri nemazana mashanu vakafa, kusanganisira varwi mazana mana nemakumi mapfumbamwe. Iron Guard yakabviswa pachigaro muna Ndira 23, asi vatsigiri vayo nenhengo havana kunyangarika uye vachiri kunakidzwa nerutsigiro rwakakosha, kunyanya muuto. Pakave nekugadziriswa kwehurumende, inotungamirwa naGeneral Antonescu, uyo akatora zita rekuti "Conducator" - mukuru-mukuru werudzi rweRomania.

Pana September 17, 1940, Antonescu akakumbira betsero mukurongazve nokurovedza uto reGermany. Basa remauto eGermany rakasvika zviri pamutemo musi wa12 Gumiguru; yaiumbwa navanhu 22 430, kubatanidza varume vehondo 17 561. Pakati pazvo paiva nezvikwata zvehondo zvekurwisa ndege, izvo zvakatumirwa kunyanya kuminda yemafuta muPloiesti nebasa rekuvadzivirira kubva pakurwiswa kwemhepo kweBritish. Iwo ekutanga mayuniti eWehrmacht akasvika pakarepo mushure mekudzidziswa zvikamu uye nyanzvi dzemauto emishini. Chikamu chechi13 chePanzer chaifanirawo kuchengetedza minda yemafuta. 6th Panzer Division yakasvika pakati paDecember 1940, uye muchirimo cha1941, kuendeswa kwezvikamu zve11th Army kunharaunda yeRomania kwakapedzwa. Zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zveGerman 11th Army, yakaumbwa muRomania, yaive nemapoka evacheche uye vatasvi vemabhiza veRomania. Nokudaro, mauto eAllied akaumba rutivi runokosha zvikuru rweBoka reMaodzanyemba reHondo, pasinei zvapo nemirangariro yakaipa yakataurwa naHitler pana March 30, 1941 pamusangano navakuru vakuru vehondo: vaRomania vane usimbe, vane uori; uku kuora kwetsika. …

Muhafu yekutanga yaMay 1941, Hitler naAntonescu vakasangana kechitatu pamberi paJoachim von Ribbentrop, Gurukota rezvekune dzimwe nyika reGermany. Zvinoenderana nenyaya yemutungamiri weRomania muna 1946, pamusangano uyu ndipo patakasarudza pamwe chete kurwisa Soviet Union. Hitler akazivisa kuti pashure pokunge gadziriro dzacho dzapera, kuvhiya kwacho kwaizotanga kamwe kamwe kumuganhu wose kubva kuGungwa Dzvuku kusvika kuGungwa reBaltic. Romania yaifanira kudzorera nzvimbo dzakarasika kuUSSR uye kuwana kodzero yekutonga nharaunda kusvika kuDnieper.

Mauto echiRomania manheru ehondo

Panguva iyoyo, gadziriro dzeuto reRomania nokuda kwechisimba dzakanga dzatofambira mberi. Pasi peutungamiri hwevaGermany, mapoka matatu evacheche akadzidziswa, ayo aifanira kuva muenzaniso kune vamwe vose, uye boka retangi rakatanga kuumbwa. Romania yakatangawo kushongedza mauto nezvombo zvechizvino-zvino, kunyanya zvekuFrance zvakatorwa. Zvisinei, kubva pakuona kwekukosha kwekugadzirira kwemauto, chinonyanya kukosha kwaiva kurongeka kwekuwedzera mauto kubva ku26 kusvika ku40 mapoka. Pesvedzero yeGermany inokura yakaratidzirwawo mugadziriro yesangano rehondo; izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka muchikamu. Vaisanganisira mauto matatu evacheche, maviri artillery regiments (52 75-mm pfuti uye 100-mm howitzers), boka rekuongorora (rakagadzirwa zvishoma), battalion revasappers uye kutaurirana. Boka racho raisanganisira varwi nevakuru 17 500. Chiuto chevacheche chinogona kubudirira kuita mabasa ekudzivirira nemauto matatu (makambani matatu evacheche, kambani yepfuti yemuchina, chikwata chevatasvi vemabhiza, nekambani yekutsigira ine pfuti nhanhatu dze37-mm). Kambani yeAnti-tank yaive nepfuti gumi nemaviri 12-mm. Mabhomba mana emakomo (akazoshandurwa kuva mapoka) akaumbwawo kuti aite mutumbi wegomo wakagadzirirwa kurwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma echando mumakomo. Iwo 47st kusvika 1th battalions akadzidzira akazvimirira, ukuwo 24th kusvika 25th battalions vakadzidziswa mukuyambuka-nyika skiing. Hondo yemakomo (26 maofficial nevarume) yaisanganisira maviri matatu-battalion gomo pfuti regiments uye reconnaissance battalion, yakasimbiswa kwenguva pfupi neuto rehondo (12 pfuti dzemakomo 24 mm uye 75 mm howitzers uye 100 anti-tank pfuti 12 mm) , kushandisa pack traction .

Vatasvi vemabhiza vakaumba uto guru, vachiumba boka revatasvi vamabhiza matanhatu. Chikamu chemauto makumi maviri neshanu evatasvi vemabhiza chakabatanidzwa kumapoka ekuziva emapoka evacheche. Mapoka matanhatu emauto emabhiza akarongwa: 25st, 1th, 5th, 6th, 7th uye 8th vatasvi vemabhiza, vaisanganisira varidzi venyika vakapfuma vaisungirwa kuteerera chikwata ne ... bhiza ravo pachavo. Muna 9, mauto evatasvi vemabhiza (1941 vakuru nevarume) aisanganisira mauto maviri evatasvi vemabhiza, mauto emotokari, boka rekucherechedza, mauto ehondo, anti-tank kambani ine pfuti 6500 mm, uye sapper kambani.