British Cold War frigates Type 81 Tribal
British Cold War frigates Type 81 Tribal. Iyo frigate HMS Tartar muna 1983, mushure mekupedzwa kwekugadziriswa kwakabatana neFakland/Malvinas War. Kwapera gore, akasiya mureza weRoyal Navy uye akasimudza weIndonesia. The Westland Wasp HAS.1 helikopta inotarisirwa kune zvikepe zvekirasi iyi panzvimbo yekumhara. Pamberi pebhiriji rekufambisa "mapurisa" 20-mm "Oerlicons". Mufananidzo Kuunganidzwa kwaLeo van Ginderen
Pashure pokunge Hondo Yenyika II yapera, Britain yakatanga chirongwa chikuru chokugadzira ngarava chainyanya kufunga nezvezvikepe. Imwe yesarudzo yebudiriro yakaitwa mukati meiyi basa kwaive kugadzirwa kwemapurojekiti ezvikepe zvezvinangwa zvakasiyana zvichibva pane yakajairika hull uye injini kamuri. Izvi zvanga zvakanangana nekuita kuti kuvaka kwavo kukurumidze uye kuderedza mari yeyuniti.
Zvinosuruvarisa, sezvazvakazoitika, iyi pfungwa yekuchinja haina kushanda, uye pfungwa iyi yakasiyiwa panguva yekuvakwa kweSalisbury neLeopard ngarava. Imwe pfungwa yeAdmiralty, iyo, kunyangwe yaive yakashinga uye ine njodzi, yaive nhanho munzira kwayo, i.e. kugadzira ngarava ine zvinangwa zvakawanda inokwanisa kuita mabasa akambopihwa mayuniti akasiyana. Panguva iyoyo, kukosha kwakapihwa kurwisa ngarava dzepasi pemvura (SDO), kurwisa zvinangwa zvemhepo (APL) uye kuitwa kweradar surveillance tasks (DRL). Nechifungidziro, mafrigates akavakwa maererano nepfungwa iyi yaizova nzira yakanaka yekuita mabasa epatrol munguva yeCold War yaiitika panguva iyoyo.
Nezita revakatangira vane mukurumbira
Chikamu chekutanga chechirongwa chekuvaka frigate, chakatanga muna 1951, chakakonzera kutorwa kwezvikamu zvitatu zvakakosha: anti-submarine warfare (Type 12 Whitby), air target fight (Type 41 Leopard) uye radar surveillance (Type 61 Salisbury). . Angopfuura makore matatu gare gare, izvo zvinodikanwa zvezvichangobva kuvakwa Royal Navy zvikamu zvakaedzwa. Panguva ino yaifanira kuwana nhamba yakakura yefrigates yakawanda.
Zvikepe zvitsva, zvakazozivikanwa seType 81, zvakagadzirirwa kubva pakutanga kuti zvive zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinokwanisa kuita ese matatu ataurwa akakosha mamishini munzvimbo dzese dzepasi, achinyanya kukoshesa kuMiddle and Far East. (kusanganisira Persian Gulf, East uye West Indies). Vaizotsiva Loch-class frigates yeHondo Yenyika II. Pakutanga, nhevedzano yezvikepe zvakadaro zve23 zvakarongwa, asi nekuda kwekuwedzera kukuru kwemutengo wekuvaka kwavo, chirongwa chose chakapedzwa nemanomwe chete ...
Pfungwa yezvikepe zvitsva yaisanganisira, kunyanya, kushandiswa kwehombe hombe kupfuura pane yakapfuura frigates, kutora mukana wekubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvemhepo uye gasi turbines, pamwe nekuiswa kweazvino artillery uye SDO zvombo. Yakazobvumidzwa neShip Design Policy Committee (SDPC) musi wa28 Gumiguru 1954. Magadzirirwo akadzama emayuniti matsva akatumidzwa zviri pamutemo kuti general chinangwa frigate (CPF) kana iyo yakajairika sloop (general purpose escort). Kurongeka kwengarava seSloopy kwakagamuchirwa zviri pamutemo neRoyal Navy pakati paZvita 1954. Izvi zvaifanira kunge zvine hukama zvakananga nezvikamu zvakashandiswa zvakanyanya muhafu yekutanga yezana ramakore re60 uye munguva yeHondo Yenyika II yekutarisa, kuratidza mureza uye kurwisa kwepasi pemvura (iyo yakashanduka kuita mabasa aya munguva yeHondo Yenyika II). Pakati pema70 chete kupatsanurwa kwavo kwakashandurwa kune chinangwa, i.e. pamafrigates akawanda-chinangwa GPF kirasi II (General Purpose Frigate). Chikonzero cheshanduko iyi chaive cheprosaic uye chine chekuita nedziviriro yakaisirwa neNATO kuUK kuve neiyo yakazara 1954 frigates mubasa rinoshanda. Muna 81, chirongwa ichi chakagamuchirawo zita renhamba - rudzi XNUMX uye zita rayo reTribal, iro raireva vaparadzi veHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, uye mazita ezvikepe zvega ega akasimudzira vanhu vanoda hondo kana madzinza aigara mumaBritish makoroni.
Chirongwa chekutanga cheTribali, chakaunzwa muna Gumiguru 1954, chaive chikepe chine zviyero zve 100,6 x 13,0 x 8,5 m uye zvombo, zvinosanganisira. 2 mapatya 102 mm pfuti dzakavakirwa paMk XIX, 40-varume Bofors 70 mm L/10, jug (dhaka) PDO Mk 20 Limbo (ine zvombo zvemavolley makumi maviri), 8 single 533,4 mm torpedo machubhu uye 2 quadruple 51 mm rocketdo machubhu. launchers. Kuti tikwanise kuzadzisa zvinodiwa pakuongorora radar, zvakasarudzwa kuisa American SPS-6C refu-range radar. Iyo sonar midziyo yaifanira kuumbwa nemhando dze sonar 162, 170 (kuburitsa data reongororo yeLimbo system), 176 uye 177. Matransducer avo akarongwa kuti aiswe mumakomba makuru maviri pasi pefuselage.
