Battleship Dwienadcat 'Apostołow
Mufananidzo wakasarudzika wekutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX rechikepe chehondo "Dvenadkat Apostolov" munzira kubva kuSevastopol.
Sechikamu chechirongwa che1881, zvakarongwa kuvaka zvikepe zvehondo zvisere zvezvinodiwa zveRussia Black Sea Fleet. Takatanga nekugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvakakura zverudzi rweCatherine II, asi padanho rekugadzira zvakasarudzwa kuti zvakanyanyisa uye zvingava kuchenjera kuodha zviduku zvishoma, zvakachipa, asi zvemazuva ano - izvi chete zvingava. zvehunyanzvi zvinoenderana nemagadzirirwo ekunze.
Makwikwi akazaruka epurojekiti yakanakisa akaziviswa. Nehurombo, pakutanga pakanga pasina tarisiro yakadzama yakaiswa pasi pechikepe chitsva chehondo, saka mapurojekiti akaunzwa aive kunze kwetarisiro yeNaval Ministry. Pashure pezvose, muparadzi. I. A. Shestakov akatsanangura maitiro akazara echikepe chitsva. Yaifanirwa kunge yakashongedzerwa pfuti 4-6 229 mm mu turrets (kana 1 305 mm uye 4 229 mm pfuti) ine zvinowanzoitika zvematani 7000-8000. Zvombo zvekuwedzera zvaive ne4 152 mm pfuti. Kumhanya kwakanyanya kwakaiswa pa15-16 knots.Zvakaratidzwa zvakare kuti ngarava itsva yaifanira kushandisa michina yakabviswa kubva muOpyt steamer. Mapurojekiti einjiniya N. A. Subbotin uye E. Ya. Gulaev akauya pedyo nekutarisira, dhizaini yekupedzisira yakasarudzwa kuti iwedzere kugadziriswa. Yaifanira kuvaka chikepe chehondo chakafanana nekugadzirwa kweBaltic Fleet yaMambo Alexander II, asi dhizaini yakashandurwa kuti igadzirise kuwandisa kwechikepe.
Pakutanga, chirongwa cheGulaev chakapa kutakura chikepe ne8 229-mm pfuti, 4 dzayo dzaifanira kuiswa muhuta uye kumashure ezvombo zvehondo uye 4 dzemhando imwechete mune imwe armored casemate amidships. Kudzivirirwa kwaifanirwa kuenzanisirwa mushure meBritish Admiral-class yehondo, i.e. sezvakanga zvaitwa, uta neshure zvaifanira kusiyiwa zvisina nhumbi dzokurwa nadzo.
Chibvumirano chekuvaka chakasainwa muna Gumiguru 31, 1887 neAdmiralty shipyards muNikolaev. Mumwe wevane tarenda reRussia mainjiniya engarava panguva iyoyo, Xavier Konstantinovich Ratnik (1852-1924), ndiye aitarisira kuvakwa kwechikepe chitsva chehondo. Apo mifananidzo yekutanga yeMarine Technical Committee yakasvika panzvimbo yezvikepe, Ratnik akakurudzira kuita shanduko kuvandudza dhizaini. Akataura kuti ngarava yaigona kugadzirwa nekuremerwa kukuru. Akaronga kusimudza bhandi rezvombo, shandisa boilers imwe chete uye kudzikisira kureba kwekamuri yekubikira kuderedza huremu hwayo. Akakurudzirawo kuti chimney mbiri dzisiiwe imwe yosara. Mugadziri pachake uye kuparadza hazvina kubvumirana nekuchinja. Shestakov. Nenzira, basa pachikepe chehondo chakatanga musi waFebruary 24, 1888. Zvisinei, havana kukurumidza kufamba. Nzira yekuvaka yakanonoka neMarine Technical Committee uye Shipbuilding Council. Madhirowa ehunyanzvi haana kubvumidzwa nenguva, saka Ratnik aisakwanisa kuraira simbi kubva kuBryansk Metallurgical Plant, asi zvimiro zvemichero kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Mamiriro acho akaita zvinhu zvokuti basa rakazomira zvachose. Muna Gumiguru 1888, Shestakov akakwevera ngwariro kumabhuku shongwe artillery uye zvombo. Pasina ruzivo rweGulaev, zvakasarudzwa kuitazve basa racho. Pfuti 229 mm dzakasiiwa zvachose. Pane kudaro, vakasarudza 4 inorema 305 mm uye 6 152 mm L / 35 pfuti. Zvisinei, Marine Technical Committee yakacherechedza kuti buoyancy margin yakanga isina kukwana uye kuti pfungwa dzeShestakov dzinofanira kuderedzwa. Chekutanga, mabhatiri makuru turrets akasiiwa achifarira mabarbette akavhurika (ivo vakaswededzwa padyo nepakati kusimudzira kugadzikana kwelongitudinal). Chechipiri, zvaive zvakafanira kusiya 6 152-mm pfuti uchifarira 4 pfuti dzakareruka dzemhando imwe chete, asi neL / 30 mbiya. Chechitatu, maererano nezvikumbiro zveMurwi, saizi yekamuri yekubikira yakaderedzwa, chimneys dzakashongedzwa dzakasiiwa uye nhamba yavo yakaderedzwa kubva pamatatu kusvika maviri.
Ipapo chete ndipo paizogona kutangazve basa. Zvichakadaro, adm. Shestakov (November 21, 1888), mureururi wepurojekiti uye ane mhosva yekunonoka. Gulaev akamisawo basa purojekiti, uye kugadzirisa kwekupedzisira kwakaitwa naEng. K. J. Averin. Akanga anewo mutoro wekupedzisa basa rakaitwa muSevastopol.
Kuiswa kwepamutemo kwekeel uye kutumidzwa kwe "Dvenadkat" "Vaapostora" kwakaitika muNikolaev panzvimbo yeAdmiralty Shipyard yemunharaunda musi waNyamavhuvhu 9, 1889. Ngarava yakagoverwa zviri pamutemo kune wekutanga, uyezve makumi matatu nemana vashandi vengarava (zviwanikwa zvenguva dzose zveboka rezvikepe zvakawanda). . Panguva yekuvakwa kwechikepe chehondo, hull zvinhu zvakatengeswa kubva kuUK zvakashandiswa. Sezvineiwo, ivo vakachipa zvakanyanya kupfuura vagadziri veRussia (kunyangwe nemari yekufambisa). Mumiririri wengarava, mukuru. Zielona Musi waKubvumbi 1, 34, kondirakiti yakasainwa neWilliam Jessop & Sons steel works iri muSheffield. Kukandwa kwehunde, sternframe, chidzoreso chekugara, zvisimbiso zveoiri uye mabhuraketi epropeller shaft zvakarairwa. Mari yekondirakiti yaive 21 rubles (£1889). Kurongeka kwaifanira kupedzwa pakupera kwaAugust 26. Hunhu hwekondirakiti shaft inotakura castings yaive yakashata. Iwo akange asina kugadzirwa kubva kumapurani uye mhando dzemapuranga dzakatumirwa kuSheffield. Vakavakwa patsva nenzvimbo yezvikepe muNikolaev, iyo Jessop & Sons steelworks vaifanira kubhadhara £755 faindi.
Makambani echiRungu akarairawo kukandwa kwezvinhu zvidiki zvemidziyo yekuisa. Munhu ane mutoro wekuvakwa kwechikepe chehondo cheRatnik panzvimbo iyo muEngland akaongorora zvinhu zvakarayirwa, uye pakudzoka akakwanisa kuziva teknolojia yekuzadza matangi ne cellulose pazvikepe zveFrance. Nekudaro, mune yehondo Dwienadcat 'Apostołow, hutsva hwehunyanzvi hwakadaro hwaisatarisirwa.
