C1 Ariite yemazuva ano

Iyo Ariete ine yakakwira moto, inogona kuenzana neAbrams kana Leopard 2s ine 44-caliber cannon, zviri pachena kuti isingatarise maitiro ezvombo uye maparameter eiyo moto control system.

IC1 Ariete MBT yakapinda mubasa neEsercito Italiano (Italian Armed Forces) mu1995, chikamu chechina chezana remakore rapfuura. Masoja eItaly achavashandisa kwemamwe makore gumi, saka hazvishamisi kuti purogiramu yakazara yemazuva ano ichangotanga, iyo ichaitwa neCIO consortium (Consorzio FIAT-Iveco - Oto Melara), i.e. mugadziri wemotokari.

Hapana chikonzero chekuvanza kuti Ariite atokura. Yakagadzirwa mukupindura kudiwa kwemauto epasi eItaly emazuva ano, akazvimiririra akagadzirirwa uye akagadzirwa tangi huru yehondo yechizvarwa chechitatu, pasi pezvinodiwa izvo zvakasikwa pakati pemakore 3. Mumakore makumi manomwe, mauto eItaly. akatanga kufunga nezvekutenga matangi ekunze (akatengeswa kunze kwenyika M80 neM70, pamwe neakaunzwa kunze uye ane rezinesi Leopardy 47/A60/A1) aine kudiwa kwakanyanya uye panguva imwechete simba reiyo indasitiri yemotokari, chiitiko chacho hachibatsiri. Zvichienderana neruzivo rwakawanikwa panguva yekugadzira rezinesi reLeopard 1A2 muna 1, Oto Breda neFIAT vakatanga kushanda patangi yeOF-2 ("O" yeOto Breda, "F" ye "FIAT", "1977" yehuremu hunotarisirwa. , iyo yaifanirwa kuva matani makumi mana, kunyange zvazvo yakapfuudzwa). Iyo prototype, yakafuridzirwa zvakajeka neLeopard 40 (uye isina kusiyana mukuita), yakaedzwa muna 40 uye nekukurumidza yakatengwa neUnited Arab Emirates. Muna 40-1 vakagamuchira matangi gumi nemasere muMod base. 1980, zvakafanana kune mod. 1981 (inosanganisira mitsva yekutarisa uye yekuvavarira zvishandiso) uye matatu ehunyanzvi ekutsigira mota. Yakanga iri budiriro shoma, 1985-mm Palmaria self-propelled howwitzers, yakagadzirwa vachishandisa OF-18 chassis, yakatengeswa 1 zvidimbu kuLibya neNigeria (Argentina yakatenga mamwe shongwe makumi maviri, akaiswa paTAM tank chassis). Iyo OF-2 pachayo haina kuwana vamwe vatengi, uye kusimudzira kwedhizaini kwakazomiswa muna 40 ine yakadzika yemazuva ano Mod prototype. 155A. Zvakangodaro, kukudziridzwa kwemazuva ano zvachose - mune mamwe maitiro - tangi muItaly yaionekwa seyakabudirira, uye kare muna 235, kugadzirira kwezvinodiwa zvekuvimbisa Esercito Italiano tank kwakatanga.

Tangi yeItaly haisi iyo yakaipisisa maererano nekufamba. Injini, iyo isina simba pane mamwe magadzirirwo anokwikwidza, inogadziriswa nehuremu hwakareruka.

C1 Ariite - nhoroondo, kukura uye matambudziko

Pakutanga, mamwe mauto eItaly akanga asina chokwadi nezvepfungwa yekugadzira tangi yavo pachavo, vachisendamira zvakanyanya pakutenga Leopard 2 itsva muGermany. Zvisinei, "musasa wekuda nyika" wakakunda uye muna 1984 zvinodiwa zvakagadzirirwa motokari itsva, iyo yakawanda. zvakakosha izvo zvaive: chombo chikuru muchimiro che 120- mm smoothbore pfuti; yemazuva ano SKO; nhumbi dzokurwa dzakasimba dzinoshandisa nhumbi dzokurwa nadzo (panzvimbo pesimbi yakashandiswa kare); uremu huri pasi pematani makumi mashanu; maitiro akanaka ekudhonza; yakagadziridzwa ergonomics uye yakakosha nyore kushandisa. Kuvandudzwa kwemuchina, uyo wakagamuchira zita rekuti OF-50 panguva ino, wakaiswa kuna Oto Melara uye Iveco-FIAT, iyo yakanga yatoumba mubatanidzwa wekugadzira uye kuita mamwe mavhiri emazuva ano (gare gare Centauro) uye akateedzera mota dzehondo (Dardo. ) nokuda kwezvinangwa zvavo. hondo yake. Zvishanu kana matanhatu prototypes akavakwa pakati 45 uye 1986, akafanana chaizvo neramangwana kugadzirwa motokari. Motokari pakutanga yaitarisirwa kupinda mubasa muna 1988 kana 1990, asi kuedza kwakanonoka uye izvi zvakaputirwa nematambudziko emari eItaly Ministry of Defense mushure mekupera kweCold War. Ramangwana C1991 Ariete ("C" ye "Carro armato", zvichireva kuti "tangi", ariete zvinoreva "gondohwe negondohwe") yakatanga kurongwa kuti ibudiswe muhuwandu hwe1 - inokwana kutsiva anopfuura 700 M1700s uye M47s, uye, panguva. mamwe ematangi anopfuura 60 1300 Leopard 1. Kudzikira kubva pakupera kweHondo Yemashoko kwakanga kuri pachena. Chikamu chematangi chaifanira kutsiva B1 Centauro motokari dzemavhiri dzekutsigira, dzakagadzirwa zvakafanana neC1 Ariete uye Dardo yakateedzera varwi vehondo. Pakupedzisira, muna 1995 Esercito Italiano yakaisa odha yematangi mazana maviri ekugadzira chete. Deliveries dzakapedzwa muna 200. Motokari idzi dzaishandiswa neana armored regiments, 2002 kana 41 matangi imwe neimwe (zvichienderana nekwakabva). Aya aiva: 44° Reggimento carri muPersano, 4° Reggimento carri muLecce, 31° Reggimento carri muTauriano uye 32° Reggimento carri muCoredenone. Havasi vese parizvino vane midziyo yakajairwa, uye imwe yakarongwa kuti ibviswe. Pakati pemakore gumi aya, paifanira kunge pave nemotokari zana nemakumi matanhatu mumutsara. Nhamba iyi inogona kunge yaisanganisira maArietes, avo vakaramba vari mudunhu reScuola di Cavalleria muLecce, uye nzvimbo dzekudzidzira dzevashandi vehunyanzvi. Vamwe vose vakaponeswa.

Itari yeItaly 54-ton tank yakavakwa maererano neyakagadziridzwa dhizaini, ine yekumberi yekufambisa ine chigaro chemutyairi chakachinjirwa kurudyi, nzvimbo yepakati yekurwira, yakafukidzwa neturret (mukuru ari kurudyi kwepfuti, mupfuti anogara pamberi pake, uye mutakuri anogara kuruboshwe rwechinzvimbo chepfuti) uye kumashure kwenzvimbo yekudzora. Ariete ane kureba kwe 967 cm (hull kureba 759 cm), yakafara masendimita 361 uye kureba kusvika padenga reshongwe masendimita 250 (286 masendimita kusvika kumusoro kwemukuru wepanoramic chiridzwa), kubvumidzwa kwevhu kwe 44 cm. Mota iyi yakashongedzerwa nepfuti ye120 mm Oto Breda smoothbore ine dhiramu kureba kwe44 caliber ine 42 rounds dzepfuti (kusanganisira gumi nemashanu pasi peturret basket) uye maviri 15 mm Beretta MG 7,62/42 pfuti yemuchina (imwe yakabatanidzwa. kune cannon, imwe yacho inoiswa pabhenji pamusoro pe turret) ine stock ye59 rounds. Uwandu hwemakona ekumusoro echombo chikuru kubva -2500° kusvika 9°. A biaxial electro-hydraulic stabilization system uye turret drives zvakashandiswa. Iyo moto control system OG20L14 TURMS (Tank Universal Reconfigurable Modular System), yakagadziridzwa naGalileo Avionica (ikozvino chikamu chekunetsekana kwaLeonardo), inofanirwa kutariswa semazuva ano panguva yekutanga kugadzirwa, incl. nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwemukuru wepanoramic yekutarisa mudziyo ine biaxially yakagadzikana mutsara wekuona uye inongoita yekuona husiku chiteshi kana kuona kwemupfuti ane chiteshi chehusiku chinopisa.

Kukurukurirana kwekunze kunopihwa neredhiyo mbiri dzeSINCGARS (Single Channel Ground uye Airborne Radio System), inogadzirwa pasi perezinesi naSelex (zvino Leonardo).

Huma yehull uye turret (uye maererano nemamwe masosi, mativi, kunyangwe izvi zvisina chokwadi) anodzivirirwa neyakaiswa nhumbi dzokurwa, imwe ndege yemotokari inodzivirirwa neyunifomu yesimbi.

Iko kutapurirana kunosanganisira Iveco MTCA 12V injini ine 937 kW / 1274 hp. uye otomatiki kutapurirana ZF LSG 3000, iyo inosanganiswa kuita simba remagetsi. Iyo undercarriage ine mavhiri ekumashure ekutyaira, mavhiri manomwe emugwagwa akamiswa pamatanda ekurovera, uye mavhiri mana emavhiri anotsigira bazi repamusoro regonye (Diehl / DST 840). Iyo undercarriage yakavharwa zvishoma nelightweight composite siketi.

Tangi inokura kumhanya kusvika 65 km/h mumugwagwa wakavezwa, inokunda zvipingamupinyi zvemvura kusvika 1,25 m yakadzika (kusvika 3 m mushure mekugadzirira) uye ine rwendo rwekufamba runosvika 550 km.

Munguva yebasa, "Ariete" yakashandiswa, kusanganisira mumamiriro ekurwa. panguva yekudzikamisa mishoni muIraq muna 2003-2006 (Operation Antica Babylonia). Mamwe matangi, angangoita makumi matatu, akagamuchira PSO (Peace Support Operation) pasuru panguva iyoyo, iyo yaisanganisira yekuwedzera nhumbi dzokurwa, mativi ehull (pamwe akaiswa aive NERA mapaneru) uye nechemberi chikamu che turret (zvichida mashizha esimbi ane kuoma kwakanyanya) uye mapuranga ayo (modules akafanana neaya akaiswa pahull). Mukuwedzera, matangi aya akagamuchira pfuti yemuchina yechipiri iri padenga reshongwe, uye nzvimbo mbiri dzekupfura dzakange dzakashongedzerwa (zvine mwero - ed.) nemavhavha. Huremu hwemotokari yakadaro yezvombo hwaifanira kuwedzera kusvika pamatani 30. Mapasuru eVAR neMPK (anodzivirira zvimbambaira) akagadzirwawo. Kunze kweIraq, Esercito Italiano haina kushandisa Ariete muhondo.

Tangi ine zvikanganiso zvakawanda. Chekutanga, ichi nhumbi dzokurwa dzakaipa - mativi eshongwe angangodaro akadzivirirwa nesimbi yunifomu sheet ine ukobvu hwe80-100 mm, uye nhumbi dzakakosha, maererano nedata repamutemo, zvinonyatsoenderana nemhinduro dzayo (uye kushanda kwayo) matangi ane makore gumi, akadai seLeopard 2A4 kana M1A1. Naizvozvo, kupinda kwezvombo zvakadaro nhasi harisi dambudziko kunyange kune kinetic anti-tank zvombo zvemakumi maviri emakore apfuura, uye mhedzisiro yekurova inogona kusiririsa - zvombo hazvina kuparadzaniswa nevashandi, kunyanya kuwanikwa kuri nyore. Kubudirira kwezvombo zvako kunogumira nekusagona kukwana kweiyo inodzikamisa system dhiraivha, izvo zvinokonzeresa kudonha kukuru mukurongeka kana uchipfura nekumhanya kweanopfuura 20 km / h paunenge uchityaira kunze kwemugwagwa. Izvi zvinokanganisa zvinofanira kunge zvakagadziriswa muC90 Ariete Mod. 2 (kusanganisira injini ine simba, hydropneumatic kuturika, yakasimbiswa nhumbi dzokurwa, SKO itsva, cannon itsva ine otomatiki loader), asi motokari haina kumbovakwa. Mota yekuratidzira yakavakwa zvakare, ichibatanidza chassis yetangi reAriete neturret yeCentauro II (HITFACT-II) ine mavhiri ehondo yemotokari. Ichi chirevo chakapokana, sezviri pachena, hachina kusangana nechero kufarira, saka, mukutarisira chizvarwa chinotevera MBT, maItalian akasara aine chete yemazuva ano yemotokari mumutsara.

Modernization

Kubva kanenge 2016, ruzivo rwave kutenderera kuti Ministry of Defense yeItaly inogona kusarudza kusimudzira iyo MLU (Mid-Life Upgrade, chaiyo yepakati-hupenyu kusimudzira) yeC1 Ariete matangi. Basa rekufungidzira uye nhaurirano neCIO consortium dzakazopedzwa muna Nyamavhuvhu gore rapfuura, apo chibvumirano chakasainwa neBazi reDziviriro yeItaly Republic yekuvakwa kweatatu prototypes yetangi yakakwidziridzwa. Vanofanirwa kuendeswa ne2021, uye mushure mekupera kwekuyedzwa kwavo, serial yemazuva ano ye125 michina ichatanga (maererano nemimwe mishumo, "anenge zana nemakumi mashanu"). Delivery inotarisirwa kupera muna 150. Huwandu hwechibvumirano hahuna kuziviswa pachena, asi vezvenhau vekuItaly vakafungidzira mutengo webasa muna 2027 pamamiriyoni makumi maviri emaeuro kune matatu prototypes uye anenge 2018 miriyoni euros kune yega "serial" tank. , iyo yaizopa mutengo wakakwana wepasi pe20 miriyoni euros. Zvisineyi, tichitarisa nechikamu chakarongwa chebasa (ona pazasi), fungidziro idzi dzakati kushomeka.