Junkers Ju 87 D i G cz.4
Junkers Ju 87 G-1 anorwisa tank murwi ari kugadzirira kusimuka.
Chiitiko chakawanikwa nevashandi vevanobhomba mabhomba panguva yekurwa muSpain uye mumushandirapamwe wePolish we1939 wakasimbisa kudiwa kwekugadzirisa ndege yeJu 87. Zvombo zviduku. Mamiriro ezvinhu akanyanya kukosha ekuvandudza mashandiro aive injini nyowani yesimba rakakura uye shanduko yeaerodynamics yeairframe.
Kushanda pashanduro itsva ye "Stukka" yakatanga muchirimo cha1940, uye kare muna May chigadziro chakagamuchira zita repamutemo Junkers Ju 87 D. Kutsiva chikwata chemagetsi. Iyo Jumo 211 J-12 211-cylinder liquid-yakatonhorera in-line injini ine simba guru re1 hp yakaratidza kuva imwe nzira yakanaka. Injini itsva yakanga yakareba kudarika iyo yakashandiswa muJu 1420 B version neanopfuura 87 cm, saka casing yayo yaifanira kurebeswa uye kuumbwa patsva. Panguva imwecheteyo, hurongwa hutsva hwekutonhora hwakagadzirwa. Iyo inotonhorera yemafuta yakafambiswa pasi pechikamu chepasi cheinjini casing, uye pasi pemapapiro, pamucheto wekutevera wepakati chikamu, maviri emvura radiator akaiswa. Imwe shanduko yaive chivharo chitsva checockpit chakamboedzwa paJu 40 B, W.Nr. 87.
Iyo itsva Jumo 211 J-1 injini yakatanga kuiswa muJu 87 B-1, W.Nr. 0321, D-IGDK muna Gumiguru 1940. Miedzo yakatora mavhiki akati wandei yakavhiringwa nekutadza kuenderera kweiyo isina kupera simba unit.
Yekutanga yepamutemo prototype yeJu 87 D yaive Ju 87 V21, W.Nr. 0536, D-INRF, yakapera Kurume 1941. Jumo 211 J-1 ndege ine simba yakaedzwa kubva munaKurume kusvika Nyamavhuvhu 1941 pafekitari yeDessau. MunaAugust 1941, injini yeJumo 211 J-1 yakatsiviwa neJumo 211 F. Pakarepo pakutanga kwekuedzwa nemagetsi matsva, propeller yakabuda ichishanda pa1420 rpm. Musi waSeptember 30, 1939, kugadziriswa kwendege kwakapedzwa uye yakaendeswa kuErprobungsstelle Rechlin. Mushure mekutevedzana kwekuedzwa kwendege, muna Gumiguru 16 1941 ndege yakapihwa zviri pamutemo kuLuftwaffe. Motokari iyi yakazoshandiswa kuyedza injini uye kutonhora. Muna February 1942, ndege yakadzokera kuDessau, apo mavhavha matsva eradiator akaiswa pairi, uye musi waSeptember 14, 1943, mufananidzo wacho wakaiswa mberi.
Yechipiri prototype, Ju 87 V22, W.Nr. 0540, SF + TY, yaifanira kupedzwa panguva yakatarwa mukupera kwa1940, zvisinei matambudziko einjini akanonoka kupera uye hazvina kusvika muna May 1941 kuti kuedza kwendege kwakatanga. November 10, 1941 ndege yakaendeswa kuLuftwaffe. Mhedzisiro yemiedzo yakaitwa yakagutsa vese chirimwa cheJunkers nevamiriri veRekhlin Experimental Center. Kutonhora kwekutanga kwaNovember 1941 kwakaitawo kuti zvikwanise kuita bvunzo dzekutanga kutonhora, zvakazoitika kuti kutanga injini kunyangwe kutonhora kwakanyanya hakudi basa rakakosha uye hakukonzeri kutadza kwesimba remagetsi.
Junkers Ju 87 D-1, W.Nr. 2302 yakaedzwa neimwe nhumbi dzokurwa.
Mukutanga kwa1942, prototype yakadzokera kuDessau, uko kwakaitika miedzo yekugadzikana uye kuchinja kuduku kune injini yeJumo 211 J-1, mushure mokunge ndege yacho yakadzorerwa kuRechlin. Pana August 20, 1942, mukati meimwe yenhambo dzokuedza nendege, ndege yacho yakadonhera muLake Müritzsee. Vashandi vake, mutyairi wendege: Fw. Herman Ruthard, mushandi wepanzvimbo yekuedza, afa. Honzeri yetsaona iyi ingangove kurasika njere nemutyairi wendege nekuda kwechepfu yecarbon dioxide.
Yechitatu prototype Ju 87 V23, W.Nr. 0542, PB+UB, yakapera muna Kubvumbi 1941, yakachinjirwa kuErprobungsstelle Rechlin kwapera mwedzi. Yaive sampuli yeJu 87 D-1 vhezheni. Matambudziko nekuendeswa kwejini yeJumo 211 J-1 yakamisa imwe Ju 87 V24 prototype, W.Nr. 0544, BK + EE, iyo isina kupera kusvika Nyamavhuvhu 1941. Ndege yakaendeswa kuRechlin, uko yakakurumidza kuputsika ndokudzokera kuDessau ine fuselage yakakuvadzwa. Pashure pokugadzirisa muna November 1941, yakatakurwazve kuRechlin. Mushure mekupera kwemiedzo, motokari yakaiswa pamberi.
Yechishanu prototype, Ju 87 V25, W.Nr. 0530, BK+EF, yaive yakajairwa kune inopisa vhezheni yeJu 87 D-1/trop. Iyo airframe yakapedzwa kutanga kwaKurume 1941, asi muna Chikunguru 1941 chete injini yeJumo 211 J-1 yakaiswa. Muzhizha, motokari yakaedzwa uye musi waSeptember 12, 1941 yakaendeswa kuRechlin, uko yakaedzwa neDelbag guruva sefa.
Sarudzo yekugadzira-yakawanda Ju 87 D-1 yakaitwa muna 1940, pakaiswa chirevo chekugadzirwa kwemakopi mazana mana nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu endege iyi. Vaifanira kuendeswa pakati paMay 495 naMarch 1941. Mukutanga February 1942, Technical Department of the Imperial Air Ministry yakawedzera odha kusvika 1942 Ju 832 D-87s. Michina yese yaizogadzirwa paWeser plant. Matambudziko nemajini eJumo 1 J akatungamira kunonoka mukurongeka. Ndege mbiri dzekutanga dzakatevedzana dzaifanira kupedzwa muna Chikumi 211, asi Karman haana kukwanisa kugadzirira zvikamu zvepamusoro zvefuselage nenguva. Ndege yekutanga yekugadzira yakaunganidzwa chete musi waJune 1941, 30. Kunyangwe kunonoka, iyo Reich Air Ministry yakatenda kuti 1941 Ju 1941 D-48s yaizosimuka kubva pamitsetse yegungano reWeser muna Chikunguru 87. Munguvayi, muna July 1, kopi yokutanga bedzi yakavakwa; yakaparadzwa mufekitari. Vamiriri veRLM uye manejimendi eJunkers chirimwa, iyo yakapa rezinesi yekuvakwa kweJu 1941 D-87 kune Weser chirimwa, vaitarisira kuti pakupera kwaGunyana 1 kunonoka kwekugadzirwa kwakawanda kwaizobhadharwa. Zvisinei, mamwe matambudziko akaparadza tariro idzi. Zvakare muna Nyamavhuvhu 1941, hapana kana Ju 1941 D-87 akasiya chitoro chegungano cheBremen chirimwa. MunaGunyana chete, mafekitori eWeser akapa kuLuftwaffe ndege mbiri dzekutanga dzekugadzira dzakapinda munzvimbo dzekuyedza.
Muna Gumiguru-November 1941, hwerengedzo ye61 Ju 87 D-1s yakaunganidzwa, iyo, nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze akashata panguva iyoyo muLemwerder, haina kubhururuka kusvika Zvita, ndokuzoendeswa kune zvikamu zvemberi.
Tsanangudzo yehunyanzvi Ju 87 D-1
Iyo Junkers Ju 87 D-1 yaive ine zvigaro zviviri, imwe-injini, yese-simbi yakaderera-mapapiro ndege ine classic fixed kumhara giya. Iyo fuselage yendege yaive neoval chikamu chine semi-sheathed chimiro chakagadzirwa nesimbi. Muviri wakakamurwa kuita hafu, yakabatana zvachose ne rivets. Chivharo chekushanda chakagadzirwa neyakatsetseka duralumin chakasungirirwa nemaconvex rivets ane denderedzwa misoro munzvimbo dzekuwedzera mitoro uye yakatsetseka rivets munzvimbo dzemitoro midiki.
Dhizaini yehull yaisanganisira 16 mafuremu akabatana neperpendicular tambo, uye mana akachinjika ari muchikamu chayo chemberi, anosvika ku7 akabatanidzwa. Iyo #1 yakazara-yakareba furemu yaivewo injini firewall. Pamberi pefuselage, mamwe mafuremu ebetsero akavakwa kuti asimbise hull, akashandawo sezvitsigiro zvebhomba.
Iyo cockpit, iri pakati pechikamu chefuselage pakati pe2nd uye 6th mafuremu, yakange yakafukidzwa neyakajeka glazed mana-chikamu chivharo chakagadzirwa nelaminated kana organic girazi, zvichipa kuoneka kwakanaka kubva kumativi ese. Zvinhu zvinotsvedza zvecab lining zvine makiyi ekuvhura kwavo kwechimbichimbi. Pakati pekabhini, anti-tilting overpass yakaiswa, yakabatana nechikamu chezvombo. Windshield yaive negirazi risingapindi bara 25 mm gobvu. Kuwedzera pekugara kumutyairi wendege yaive chigaro chesimbi chine ukobvu hwe4 kusvika 8 mm, pamwe nendiro yezvombo yakakora 10 mm kuseri kwemusoro wake uye mahwendefa ezvombo akakora 5 mm akaiswa mukamuri remukati.
Mushandi weredhiyo akachengetedzwa nemahwendefa maviri ezvombo, yekutanga iyo, 5 mm mukobvu, yakavakwa pasi, yechipiri, yakanyorwa muchimiro chechimiro, yakaiswa pakati pemapuranga 5 ne6. GSL-K 81 yakashongedzerwa. ine pfuti yemuchina yeMG 81 Z yakashanda sechivharo chekuwedzera.Paive nekafafitera kadiki muuriri hwemutyairi wendege neketeni resimbi raiita kuti zvive nyore kutarisa pasi usati wanyura mundege. Kuseri kwefuremu nhamba 8 kwaive nekamudziyo kesimbi, kaingosvikwa nekunze chete, maive nekiti yerubatsiro rwekutanga.
Iyo yese-metal three-sided double-spar airfoil yairatidza yakasarudzika yakatsetseka W-shape iyo yakagadzirwa nekubatanidza positive-lift out part parts kune negative-lift center chikamu. Mapendero emablades ari trapezoid ane magumo akatenderedzwa. Chikamu chepakati chakabatanidzwa chakabatana kune fuselage. Mapiritsi maviri emvura anotonhorera akavakwa pasi pechikamu chepakati. Zvikamu zvekunze zvemhepo zvakasungirirwa kune chikamu chepakati nemakumbo mana ebhora akagadzirwa neJunkers. Chivharo chekushanda chakagadzirwa nekatsetseka duralumin sheet. Pasi pemupendero wekutevera, kunze kweiyo huru yemapapiro profile, kune maviri-section flaps, akaparadzana nepakati chikamu uye kuguma. Flaps uye imwe-chidimbu ailerons akashongedzerwa trimmers akaiswa pamatanda anokosha patented neJunkers.
Maailerons aive nechaicho chinodhiraivha, uye maflaps aive nehydraulic drive. Zvose zvinofambiswa zvemapapiro zvakafukidzwa nepepa rakatsetseka reduralumin. Iyo flap uye aileron system zvinoenderana neJunkers patent yainzi Doppellflügel, kana maviri bapiro. Iwo mapeji pakati peprofile uye zvikamu zvaro zvinofamba zvakasimbisa kushanda zvakanaka, uye iyo yese system yaive nyore tekinoroji. Pasi pemapapiro, pane yekutanga spar, pakanga paine otomatiki yakadzorwa mabhureki emhepo, ayo akabatsira kuburitsa mota kubva mukubhururuka.
Chikamu chemuswe, chine chimiro chesimbi-yese, chakashongedzwa nepepa rakatsetseka reduralumin. The vertical stabilizer yakanga ine trapezoidal shape, rudder yaityairwa netambo dzesimbi. Iyo inogadziriswa yakatsetseka stabilizer, isina kusimudza, ine rectangular contour, yakatsigirwa neforogo-yakaita mbiru dzakagadzirwa nemapaipi esimbi ane profil neduralumin sheet. Zvigadziriso zvehurefu zvaifambiswa nemapusher. Ese ari maviri erifiti nechidzoreso aive akakura uye aerodynamic akadzikama, aine trim tabu uye mirwi yakasimudzwa.
The classic free-standing fixed landing gear ine vhiri remuswe yakapa kunaka kwepasi kugadzikana. Imwe giya guru rekumhara rakaiswa mumapfundo pane spars Nha. KPZ struts inogadzirwa neKronprinz, inopera muforogo yakatenderedza vhiri, yaive nekunyorova kwechitubu nekunyorova kwemafuta. Iyo hombe yekumhara giya yakarongedzwa nemafaro akagadzirwa akatsetseka duralumin echimiro chechimiro, chinova chimwe chezvinhu zvinosiyanisa ndege yeStuka. Mavhiri aive akashongedzerwa nematayi epakati nepakati anoyera 1 x 840 mm. Iyo yakakurudzirwa tire yekumanikidza yaive 300 MPa. Iyo braking system yaisanganisira hydraulic drum mabhureki. Mvura yacho yaishandiswa kugadzira mabhureki.
brake fl-Drukel. Iyo yakagadzika muswe vhiri, akaiswa pamusoro Kronprinz shin forogo, aiva chitubu damping uye yakabatanidzwa horizontal furemu iri pakati vertical mbabvu No. Tai rine zviyero zve 15 x 16 mm rakaiswa parimu rine simba rinokurudzirwa re360 kusvika 380 atm. Panguva yekusimuka, kubhururuka uye kumhara, vhiri remuswe raigona kukiyiwa mune imwe nzvimbo uchishandisa tambo inodzorwa kubva kujongwe. Mushure mekufamba nendege mazana mashanu, kuongororwa kwehunyanzvi kwegiya rekumhara kwakakurudzirwa. Yakavakirwa-mukati skid yekukurumidzira kuchengetedza kumashure kwefuselage muchiitiko chekumanikidzirwa kumhara.
