Chii chinonzi mota aerodynamics?

Tichitarisa pamifananidzo yezvakaitika zvemhando dzemotokari, chero munhu anobva angoona kuti patinoswedera kumazuva edu, muviri wemotokari uri kudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma.

Izvi zvinokonzerwa neaerodynamics. Ngatitarisei kuti chii chinoshamisa chiitiko ichi, nei zvichikosha kufunga nezvemitemo ine simba, uyezve ndeapi mota ane coefficient yakaipa, uye ndeapi akanaka.

Chii chinonzi mota aerodynamics

Sezvo zvisinganzwisisike sezvazvinogona kurira, iyo inokurumidza mota kufamba munzira, iyo inowanzoita seinoda kusimuka pasi. Chikonzero ndechekuti kuyerera kwemhepo uko mota inosangana nayo kunotemwa kuita zvikamu zviviri nemutumbi wemota. Imwe inoenda pakati pezasi nemugwagwa wepasi, uye imwe inopfuura pamusoro pemba, uye inotenderera contour yemuchina.

Kana iwe ukatarisa pamutumbi wemotokari kubva padivi, saka nemaziso unozoita semapapiro ndege. Iko kusarudzika kwechinhu ichi chendiza ndechekuti mweya unoyerera pamusoro pekupinda unopfuura nzira kupfuura pasi pechikamu chakatwasuka chechikamu. Nekuda kweizvi, chinhu chinosimudza, kana chivharo, chinogadzirwa pamusoro pepapiro. Nekuwedzera kumhanya, iri simba rinosimudza muviri zvakanyanya.

Iyo yakafanana yekusimudza mhedzisiro yakagadzirirwa mota. Iyo yekumusoro inoyerera yakatenderedza bhoneti, denga uye trunk, nepo yakadzika ichiyerera ichitenderera kuzasi. Chimwe chinhu chinogadzira kumwe kuramba kuramba inhengo dzemuviri padyo nerekutwasuka (radiator grille kana girazi remhepo).

Yekumhanyisa yekumhanyisa inokanganisa chaiko kusimudza mhedzisiro. Zvakare, chimiro chemuviri nemapaneru akatwasuka anogadzira imwe mhirizhonga, iyo inoderedza traction yemotokari. Nechikonzero ichi, varidzi vemota zhinji dzekare vane angular maumbirwo, pavanogadzirisa, vanofanirwa kubatanidza chipambi uye zvimwe zvinhu kumuviri zvinobvumidza kuwedzera kuderera kwemota.

Nei uchiida

Kufefetera kunotendera mhepo kufamba nekukurumidza pamwe nemuviri pasina madhiri asina kufanira. Kana mota ikadzvanywa neyakawedzera mweya kuramba, injini ichadya mafuta akawanda, sekunge mota iri kutakura imwe mutoro. Izvi zvinokanganisa kwete chete hupfumi hwemotokari, asi zvakare zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokuvadza zvichaburitswa kuburikidza neyekuyerera pombi munzvimbo.

Kugadzira mota dzine aerodynamics yakavandudzwa, mainjiniya kubva kune vanogadzira mota vagadziri vanoverenga zvinotevera zviratidzo:

• Yakawanda sei mweya inofanirwa kupinda muchinjini cheinjini kuti injini igamuchire kwakakodzera kutonhorera kwechisikigo;
• Mune mativi emuviri mweya mutsva uchaendeswa mukati memotokari, pamwe nekwaunoburitswa;
• Chii chingaitwe kuti mhepo iite shoma ruzha mumota;
• Simba rekusimudza rinofanira kugoverwa kune imwe neimwe axle zvinoenderana nehunhu hwechimiro chemotokari.

Zvese izvi zvinhu zvinoverengerwa pakuvandudza nyowani michina mhando. Uye kana zvisati zvaitika zvinhu zvemuviri zvaigona kuchinja zvakanyanya, nhasi masayendisiti akatogadzira mafomu akanakisa ayo anopa mwero wakadzikira wekusimudza kwekumberi. Nechikonzero ichi, mazhinji mamodheru echizvarwa chazvino anogona kungosiyana nekunze chete neshanduko diki muchimiro chemadisipiresi kana bapiro zvichienzaniswa nechizvarwa chakapfuura.

Pamusoro pekugadzikana kwemugwagwa, maaerodynamics anogona kubatsira mukusvibisa kushoma kwezvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri. Nekudaro, mukurovera nemhepo yekumberi yemhepo, mwenje yakatwasuka yakatenderedzwa, bhamba uye girazi remhepo zvichave zvakasviba nekukurumidza kubva kupwanya tupukanana tudiki.

Kuti kuderedze yakaipa mhedzisiro yekusimudza, vagadziri vemotokari vanovavarira kudzikisa clearance kusvika padanho rinobvumidzwa kukosha. Nekudaro, iyo yekumberi mhedzisiro haisi iyo yega yakashata simba iyo inokanganisa kugadzikana kwemuchina. Mainjiniya anogara ari "kuenzanisa" pakati pekumberi uye kwekujekesa kwekupedzisira. Izvo hazvigoneke kuzadzikisa akakodzera paramende munzvimbo yega yega, saka, kana uchigadzira mhando nyowani yemuviri, nyanzvi dzinogara dzichigadzirisa.

Basic aerodynamic chokwadi

Kuramba uku kunobva kupi? Zvese zviri nyore kwazvo. Pasi penyika yedu pane mhepo inosanganisira magasious compounds. Paavhareji, kuwanda kwenzvimbo dzakasimba dzemuchadenga (nzvimbo kubva pasi kusvika kushiri-yeziso kuona) inenge 1,2 kg / mita mita. Kana chinhu chiri kufamba, chinobonderana nemamorekuru egasi ayo anoita mhepo. Iyo yakakwira iyo kumhanya, iyo inowedzera simba izvi zvinhu zvinorova chinhu. Neichi chikonzero, kana uchipinda mumhepo yepasi, chitundumuseremusere chinotanga kupisa zvakanyanya kubva pasimba rekupokana.

Basa rekutanga chairo iro vagadziri veiyo nyowani modhi dhizaini vari kuyedza kurarama nayo nzira yekudzora kudhonza. Iyi paramende inowedzera ne kana kana mota ichimhanyisa mukati mehurefu kubva pa4 km / h kusvika 60 km / h. Kuti unzwisise kuti izvi zvakakosha sei, funga muenzaniso mudiki.

Kurema kwekutakura kuri zviuru zviviri kg. Kutakura kunowedzera kusvika ku2 km / h. Mune ino kesi, chete ma36 watts emagetsi anoshandiswa kukunda iri simba. Zvese zvimwe zvinoshandiswa pakuwedzeredza. Asi yatove pakumhanya kwe600 km / h. 108 kW yemagetsi yatove kushandiswa kukurira kumberi kuramba. Paunenge uchityaira kumhanya kwe16 km / h. mota yatoshandisa anosvika zana nemakumi masere emabhiza pasimba rekuzvuva. Kana mutyairi achida kumhanyisa mota zvakanyanya, anosvika mazana mazana matatu / awa, pamusoro pesimba rekuwedzera kumhanyisa, mota ichada kudya mabhiza mazana matatu nemakumi matatu kuti akunde kutenderera kwemhepo yekumberi. Ndosaka mota yemitambo inoda simba rakadai powertrain.

Kugadzira yakanyanya kurongeka, asi panguva imwecheteyo kutakura kwakasununguka, mainjiniya vanoverenga coefficient Cx. Iyi paramende murondedzero yemuenzaniso ndiyo yakanyanya kukoshesa zvine chekuita neyakafanira muviri chimiro. Donhwe remvura rine saizi yakanaka munzvimbo ino. Ane coefficient iyi ye0,04. Hapana automaker angabvume kune yakadai yekutanga dhizaini yayo nyowani mota modhi, kunyangwe paine paine sarudzo mune ino dhizaini zvisati zvaitika

Pane nzira mbiri dzekudzora kusagadzikana nemhepo:

1. Chinja chimiro chemuviri kuitira kuti kuyerera kwemhepo kutenderedze mota zvakanyanya sezvinobvira;
2. Ita kuti mota iite shoma.

Kana muchina wacho uchifamba, simba rakamira rinoita paari. Iyo inogona kuve neinodzika-kumanikidza mhedzisiro, iyo ine maitiro akanaka pane traction. Kana kumanikidza pamotokari kusingawedzerwe, iyo vortex inoguma ichaona kupatsanurwa kwemotokari kubva pasi (mugadziri wega anoedza kubvisa izvi zvakanyanya sezvinobvira).

Kune rimwe divi, mota ichifamba, yechitatu inoshanda pairi - iyo yekupedzisira simba. Iyi nharaunda haina kana kudzora zvakanyanya sezvo ichikanganiswa neakawanda akasiyana, senge muchinjiko kana uchityaira wakananga kumberi kana kukona. Simba rechinhu ichi harigone kufungidzirwa, saka mainjiniya haatore njodzi uye kugadzira makesi nehupamhi hunobvumira kumwe kukanganisa muchiyero cheCx kuitwa.

Kuti uone kusvika pamwero wakadii iwo ma parameter eakaenzana, epamberi uye ekumashure masimba anogona kutorwa mukufungwa, vanotungamira vagadziri vemotokari vari kumisikidza marabhoritari akakosha anoita bvunzo dzemuchadenga. Zvichienderana nemikana yezvinhu, murabhoritari iyi inogona kusanganisira mugero wemhepo, umo kugona kwekufambisa kwekutarisa kunoongororwa pasi pekuyerera kukuru kwemhepo.

Sezvineiwo, vagadziri vemamodheru emota nyowani vanoedza kana kuunza zvigadzirwa zvavo ku coefficient ye 0,18 (nhasi ndiyo yakanaka), kana kuipfuura. Asi hapana munhu akabudirira mune yechipiri, nekuti hazvigone kubvisa mamwe mauto anoshanda pamushini.

Clamping nekusimudza simba

Hechino chimwe chinhu chinokanganisa kubata kwekufambisa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kudhonza hakugone kuderedzwa. Muenzaniso weiyi mota dzeF1. Kunyangwe muviri wavo wakanyatsogadziriswa, mavhiri akavhurika. Iyi nzvimbo inounza matambudziko mazhinji kune vagadziri. Zvekufambisa kwakadai, Cx iri mukati kubva 1,0 kusvika 0,75.

Kana iyo vortex yekumashure isingakwanise kubviswa mune ino kesi, ipapo kuyerera kunogona kushandiswa kuwedzera traction netraki. Kune izvi, zvimwe zvikamu zvakaiswa pamuviri izvo zvinogadzira pasiforce. Semuenzaniso, kumberi bhamba rakagadzirirwa chipambi chinoritadzisa kusimudza pasi, izvo zvakakosha kwazvo kumitambo yemotokari. Bapiro rakafanana rakanamirwa kumashure kwemotokari.

Iyo yekumberi bapiro inonongedza kuyerera kwete pasi pemotokari, asi pachikamu chepamusoro chemuviri. Nekuda kweizvi, mhino dzemotokari dzinogara dzakanangiswa munzira. Vacuum mafomu kubva pazasi, uye mota inoita kunge inonamira panjanji. Anoparadza kumashure anodzivirira kuumbwa kwevortex kuseri kwemota - chikamu chinotyora kuyerera chisati chatanga kuyamwa munzvimbo yekuzorora iri kumashure kwemotokari.

Zvidiki zvidiki zvakare zvinokanganisa kudzikiswa kwekukweva. Semuenzaniso, kumucheto kwehodhi dzinenge dzese mota dzemazuva ano dzinofukidza iwo ekudzima mashizha. Sezvo kumberi kwemotokari kusangana kwese kunouya traffic, kutarisisa kunobhadharwa kunyangwe kuzvinhu zvidiki senge mweya unotora zvinodzora.

Paunenge uchiisa mitambo yemitambo yemitambo, unofanirwa kufunga kuti iyo yekuwedzera pasi inoita kuti mota iwedzere kuvimba mumugwagwa, asi panguva imwecheteyo kuyerera kwekufamba kunowedzera kudhonza. Nekuda kweizvi, kumhanya kwepamusoro kwekutakura kwakadai kunenge kwakaderera pane pasina zvinhu zvemuchadenga. Imwe yakaipa mhedzisiro ndeyekuti mota inowedzera kuwedzera. Ichokwadi, mhedzisiro yechitambo chemuviri wemitambo ichanzwika nekumhanya kwemakiromita zana nemakumi maviri paawa, saka muzviitiko zvakawanda mumigwagwa yeruzhinji ruzivo rwakadai.

Mhando dzakashata dzekudhonza:

Sh 0,7 - Caterham 7

Cx 0,6 - UAZ (469, Hunter)

Cx 0,58 - Jeep Wrangler (TJ)

Cx 0,57 - Hummer (H2)

Cx 0,56 - VAZ "classic" (01, 03, 05, 06, 07)

Kurema 0,54 - Mercedes-Benz (G -kirasi)

Cx 0,53 - VAZ 2121

Models ine yakanaka aerodynamic yekudhonza:

Sh 0,18 - VW XL1

Cx 0,19 - GM EV1

Cx 0,21 - Tesla (Model3)

Cx 0,23 - Audi A4

Cx 0,23 - Mercedes-Benz CLA

Cx 0,23 - Mercedes-Benz (S 300h)

Cx 0,24 - Tesla Muenzaniso S

Cx 0,24 - Tesla (Muenzaniso X)

Cx 0,24 - Hyundai Sonata

Cx 0,24 - Toyota Prius

Cx 0,24 - kirasi yeMercedes-Benz C

Cx 0,25 - Audi A2

Cx 0,25 - Alfa Romeo (Giulia)

Cx 0,25 - Peugeot 508

Cx 0,25 - Honda Insight

Cx 0,26 - BMW (3-dzakateerana kumashure kweE90)

Cx 0,26 - BMW i8

Cx 0,26 - Mercedes-Benz (B)

Cx 0,26 - Mercedes-Benz (E -kirasi)

Cx 0,26 - Jaguar XE

Cx 0,26 - Nissan GT-R

Cx 0,26 - Infiniti Q50

Pamusoro pezvo, tarisa vhidhiyo ipfupi nezve maaerodynamics emota:

Car aerodynamics, chii icho? Ungavandudza sei aerodynamics? UNOGONA sei kugadzira ndege kubva mumota?