Chii chinonzi torque uye nei torque ichikosha kupfuura simba rebhiza?

Pakati pevatyairi, zvinogara zvichienzaniswa zvinoitwa, zvine injini inotonhorera. Uye chinhu chekutanga chinokwezva kutarisisa isimba rebhiza. Maverengero avanoitwa ndiwo akaparadzanisa ongororo.

Iyo inotevera paramende inoitwa nekuenzanisa i "husimbe" hwemota, kukurumidza kwainoita, uye kumhanya kupi. Asi vashoma vanhu vanoteerera kune torque. Uye pasina. Sei? Ngatizvionei.

Chii chinonzi torque?

Torque inoreva kuteedzera kwemotokari. Iyi paramende inogona kutaurira zvinopfuura simba rebhiza. Pane maviri ma torque parameter:

• Pamavhiri emota - simba rinoisa mota kufamba;
• Muinjini, simba rinoiswa kubva pamoto unopisa-mafuta musanganiswa kuenda pisitoni, uye kubva pairi kuburikidza netsvimbo yekubatanidza kune crankshaft crank. Iyi paramende inoratidza izvo zvinogona kuve nesimba remagetsi.

Iyo torque inotyaira mavhiri haina kuenzana neiyo torque inogadzirwa muinjini. Saka, iyi paramende inokurudzirwa kwete nekumanikidza kwepistoni muiri humbwa, asi zvakare nekumhanya kwekutenderera kweye crankshaft, chiyero chegiya mukutapurirana, saizi yegiya huru, saizi yemavhiri, nezvimwe.

Injini yemagetsi, iyo inoratidzwa mune yehunyanzvi mabhuku eiyo yega modhi, ndiyo kukosha yenguva inopihwa kumavhiri. Ipo torque iko kuedza kunoiswa kune lever (crankshaft crank).

Injini torque inoyerwa muNewton metres uye inoratidza simba rekutenderera kweye crankshaft. Chidimbu ichi chinoratidza kushomeka kwakadii kuchinjika kwe crankshaft iyo unit ichakwanisa kukunda.

Semuenzaniso, mota inogona kuva ine simba (simba rekutenderera vhiri), asi chiyero ichi chinowanikwa chete pane yakakwira rpm, nekuti simba rinoshanda pamakwenzi idiki. Kuti mota iine injini yakadai ikwanise kutakura zvinhu kana kudhonza karavhani inorema, mutyairi anofanira kuunza injini kunzvimbo yepamusoro rev. Asi kana uchimhanyisa mota yakakurumidza kumhanya.

Nekudaro, kune mota, chiyero chekutapurirana icho chisingavabvumidze kuti vafambe nekumhanya kwakanyanya, asi kukanda mavari kune chakanyanya chiratidzo chinenge chiri pazasi rpm. Motokari yakadaro ichaiswa mumarori uye maSUV akazara.

Pakumhanya kwakaderera, taura uri-munzira, mutyairi haafanire kunetsekana kuti mota yake ichamira kana akasatenderedza injini kusvika pazere rpm mugear yekutanga. Injini yekumhanyisa haigone kukanganisa torque. Ngatitarisei pamuenzaniso mudiki. Ngatifananisei mashandiro einjini mbiri nekumisidzana kumwe chete.

Injini yekugadzira -	Bmw 535i	Bmw 530d
Vhoriyamu:	3,0 l.	3,0 l.
Simba rakakura pa crankshaft rpm:	306 hp inowanikwa muhuwandu kubva pa5,8-6,0 zviuru rpm.	258 h.p. yatovepo pa4 zviuru
Torque muganho	400Nm. iri pakati pakati pe1200-5000 rpm.	560Nm. Pakati pe1500 ne3000 rpm.

Saka, kuyera izvi zvinongedzo kunobatsira mutyairi kusarudza kuti ndeipi magetsi inofanirwa kuiswa mumotokari yake, zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekushanda. Iyo 535i ichave ichikurumidza, saka panzira, mota ine iyi powertrain inosvika kumhanya kwakakwirira kupfuura iyo 530d. Hazvina mhosva kuti mutyairi akaruka sei yechipiri mota, kumhanya kwayo hakuzove kwakakwirira kupfuura kwekutanga analogue.

Zvisinei, kure-mugwagwa, kana kutyaira kukwira, kutakura mitoro, mutoro kubva pakuwedzera huremu kana kuramba crankshaft kutenderera kunomanikidza muridzi weICE yekutanga kuwedzera crankshaft chimurenga. Kana iyo unit ikashanda mune ino modhi kwenguva yakareba, inozopisa nekukurumidza.

Imwe paramende inoenderana nehuwandu hwe torque ndeye kusimba kwemota. Iyo yakakwira iyi kukosha, iyo inotonhorera iyo unit inoshanda, uye panguva yekumhanyisa haizove nejerks, sezvo torque shefu iri yakadzika kwazvo. Kana, mune analogue ine injini diki, mutyairi achiruka crankshaft, anofanirwa kuchengetedza imwe nhamba yekumhanyisa kuitira kutsetseka. Iyo yekuratidzira inofanirwa kuve padhuze sezvinobvira kune yepamusoro torque kana rinotevera giya richiita. Zvikasadaro, pachave nekurasikirwa nekukurumidza.

Nei mota ichida torque

Nekudaro, isu takaona terminology uye kuenzanisa. Yepamusorosoro torque yakakosha pamotokari dzekutengesa nekuti dzinowanzo fanirwa kutakura zvinorema, izvo zvinogadzira kumwe kuramba kurwisa kwe crankshaft kutenderera.

Nekudaro, yekutakura magetsi, ichi chiratidzo hachina kukosha zvakanyanya. Heino mumwe muenzaniso. Mota yakapakwa parobhoti. Injini yayo haina kusimba - avhareji torque yemukati injini yekumisikidza inowanikwa chete pamakumi matatu ezviuru ekuchinja. Mota inomira yakadzika pahandbrake. Kuti mota isamiswe, mutyairi anofanira kumonyorodza injini zvishoma pane kuita kunge ari mumugwagwa wakapfava. Ipapo anoburitsa zvinyoronyoro batira uye panguva imwechete bhureki remaoko.

Mota yakamira nekuti mutyairi anga asati ajaira hunhu hwemota yake. Asi muzviitiko zvakawanda, vatyairi vanosangana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya - ivo vanongotenderera injini yemoto yemukati zvakanyanya. Uye chii chichaitika kumota kana paine akawanda emasiraidhi akadaro nemarobhoti muguta? Ipapo kupisa kunovimbiswa.

Summing up:

• Maximum torque paashoma rpm - kugona kwemuchina kutanga zviri nyore kwazvo, kutakura mitoro, asi iyo yekumhanyisa kumhanyisa inotambura. Izvo zvataurwa, simba kumavhiri rinogona kunge risingakoshe. Tora, semuenzaniso, iyo VAZ 2108 ine yayo 54 simba rebhiza uye T25 tarakita (yemabhiza makumi maviri neshanu). Kunyangwe iyo mhando yechipiri yekutakura ine simba shoma, haugone kudhonza gejo paLada;
• Torque shefu pane yepakati uye yakakwira rpm - kugona kwemota kuti ikurumidze kukurumidza uye kuve neakakwira yepamusoro kumhanya.

Basa remasimba mune torque

Usafunge kuti torque ikozvino ndiyo inonyanya kukosha paramende. Izvo zvese zvinoenderana nezvinotarisirwa nemutyairi kubva kubhiza rake resimbi. Zviratidzo izvi zvinobatsira muridzi wemotokari mune ramangwana kuona kuti mota ichazvibata sei munzira dzakasiyana dzemugwagwa.

Muchidimbu, simba rinoratidza kuti mota inoshanda sei, uye torque ichave mhedzisiro yebasa iri mukuita.

Ngatienzanisei mota yekumhanyisa nekombi yekutora. Kune mota yemitambo, chiratidzo chemasimba chakakosha - maitirwo anoita torque negearbox. Nekuda kwesimba rakakwira (kuitisa pamavhiri), mota ino ichakwanisa kumhanyisa nekukurumidza uye kusvika kumhanya kwakakwirira pakakwirira. Muchiitiko ichi, mota dzinokwanisa kutenderera zvine simba - kusvika zviuru zvisere kana kupfuura.

Rori, asi, haidi kumhanya, saka giya rakagadzirirwa kuitira kuti torque kubva kuinjini igovaniswe kuwedzera hunhu hwekudhirowa.

Nzira yekuwedzera sei torque?

Iri basa harigone kuitwa pasina kupindira mukugadzirwa kwesimba remagetsi. Nekudaro, kune dzimwe nzira dzinodhura uye dzemabhajeti. Muchiitiko chekutanga, kuwedzera kwechiratidzo kunozoonekwa. Nekudaro, chinobvisa chekugadzirisa uku ndechekuti hupenyu hwekushanda kweinjini hwakadzikira zvakanyanya. Kugadziriswa kwechikwata chakamanikidzwa kuchadhurawo zvakanyanya, "makaro" ayo achawedzerawo.

Heano sarudzo dzinodhura dzekuvandudza dzinowanikwa kune yakajairwa mota.

• Kuisirwa kwekumanikidza kweinjini yakasarudzika. Inogona kuve turbine kana compressor. Nekusimudzira uku, ese simba uye torque kukosha zvinowedzera. Iri basa rinoda mari yakanaka yekutenga mimwe michina, kubhadhara basa revanyanzvi (kana muridzi wemota iri rima maererano nehurongwa hweanogadzira uye basa ravo, saka zviri nani kuisa maitiro kune nyanzvi);
• Kuisa imwe injini yemhando. Usati wafunga nezve kumhanyisa mota yemota yakadai, unofanirwa kuita akawanda masvomhu pane kusarudzwa kweyuniti inokodzera imwe mota. Kazhinji, pamusoro pekuisa mota nyowani, zvichave zvakakodzera kuti uchinje nzvimbo yemimwe michina. Kana iyo yemagetsi system ichidzorwa neyuniti unit, saka zvinozodawo kuchinjirwa nekugadziriswa kune mashandiro emidziyo iriko. Uye ichi chingori chidimbu cheaizi yechando;
• Kumanikidza mota. Iyo yekudzokorora inokutendera iwe kuti uchinje dhizaini uye chimiro chechikamu chemagetsi. Semuenzaniso, unogona kuwedzera vhoriyamu yayo, kuisa camshaft yakasiyana uye crankshaft, akasiyana mapistoni uye matanda ekubatanidza. Izvo zvese zvinoenderana nekuti muridzi wemota anoda kubhadhara marii pabasa remhizha. Sezvakaitika mune yapfuura nyaya, usati wavandudza, iwe uchafanirwa kushandisa mari pakuverenga zvinotarisirwa parameter uye kana kumisikidzwa kwezvinhu zvakasarudzika kunogona kugadzirisa mamiriro acho.

Kana zvisingaite kugovera mari hombe yekugadzirira maitiro uye kugadzirisa, asi pane chakakura kukosha kwekuwedzera torque, saka pane nzira dzakachipa.

Semuenzaniso, muridzi wemota anogona kuita zvinotevera shanduko:

• Chip tuning. Nezve izvo zvazviri uye nezvazvino zvemazuva ano zvine zvazvakanakira nekuipira, kutaurwa zvakasiyana... Muchidimbu, nyanzvi dzinopindira mune yekudzora yuniti software, chinja marongero ayo, kusanganisira peturu yekushandisa uye crankshaft kumhanya;
• Kudya kwakawanda kwazvino. Mune ino kesi, iyo system inogona kutsiviwa neimwe, inoshanda zvakanyanya, kana firita ine zero kuramba inoiswa. Iyo yekutanga nzira inowedzera iyo inopinda yekuyerera kwemhepo kuyerera, uye yechipiri inoderedza kuramba kwechikamu chinotevera kugovera. Zvakakosha kufunga kuti kunatsurudzwa kwakadai kunoda zivo chaiyo uye kuverenga. Zvikasadaro, iwe unogona kukuvadza iyo yemukati kupisa injini zvachose;
• Yemazuva ano yeiyo chiutsi system. Sezvazviri munzira yapfuura, ruzivo rwakanaka rwekushanda kweiyo system yekudzimisa inodiwa. Mumotokari yakajairwa, zvakaiswa zvinhu zvinodzivirira iyo yemahara kupera. Izvi zvinoitirwa nekuda kwezvakatipoteredza zviyero, pamwe nekuderedza ruzha panguva yekushanda kwechikwata, asi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma ku "exhale" mota. Vamwe vatyairi, pachinzvimbo cheyakajairwa system, vanokwidza analogue yemitambo.

Kuti injini yemoto yemukati ishandise kugona kwayo nenzira yaigadzirwa nemugadziri, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro. Semuenzaniso, panzvimbo yemakenduru akajairwa, iwe unogona kushandisa anoshanda zvakanyanya maanalogs. Mamwe mashoko nezvezvakasiyana uye zvaari zvinotsanangurwa pano... Nekudaro, kushandiswa kwezvakanaka zvemhando yepamusoro zvinongopa kugona kweinjini zvinoenderana nekusimudzira kwemugadziri.

Uye pakupedzisira, vhidhiyo nezve iro simba uye torque iri:

Simba kana torque - ndechipi chakanyanya kukosha?

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Chii chinonzi torque mumashoko akareruka? Iri ndiro simba rinoshanda parevheti riri chikamu chekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa kana chikwata. Simba pacharo rinoyerwa neNewtons, uye saizi iri mumamita. Iyo torque chiratidzo inoyerwa muNewton metres.

Chii chinopa torque? Mumotokari, ichi chiratidzo chakakosha cheinjini, iyo inobvumira motokari kuti ikurumidze uye inofamba ichimhanya nguva dzose. Iyo torque inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nekumhanya kweinjini.

Torque uye simba zvakabatana sei? Simba (Power) zvinoreva simba iro mota inokwanisa kuburitsa. Torque inoratidza kuti injini inokwanisa sei kushandisa simba iri.

Chii chinonzi shaft torque? Shaft torque (shaft torque) inoreva kumhanya kweakonara kwekutenderera kweshaft, kureva simba rinobata shaft pamusoro pefudzi kana ruoko, iyo yakareba mita imwe.