Chii chinonzi multi-link kumiswa, mudziyo uye musimboti wekushanda
Zviri mukati
Kubata motokari mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma pakumhanya kwakanyanya kwakatanga kugadziriswa apo simba rejini rakarega kuva dambudziko. Zvakava pachena kuti kumiswa kwakaringana kubva pamaonero aya kwaizova maviri-lever parallelogram mhando. Yakanyatsosarudzwa geometry yemalevers yakaita kuti zvikwanise kunyatso chengetedza kusimba kweiyo yakanakisa kusangana kwevhiri nemugwagwa.
Asi hapana muganho mukukwana, uye kunyangwe chirongwa chitsva chakatanga kuve nehunhu hwekukanganisa, kunyanya, parasitic dhiraivha panguva yekurodha mavhiri mumakona. Ndaifanira kuenderera mberi.
Sei kumiswa kunonzi multi-link
Kuvandudzwa kwekumisikidzwa kwedouble wishbone kwaida kuwedzerwa mamwe masimba anoshanda pamavhiri hubs mumakona kune aripo.
Izvo zvinokwanisika kuzvigadzira nekuisa mitsva mitsva mukumiswa, neimwe shanduko mune kinematics yearipo. Huwandu hwemarevheti hwakakura, uye kumiswa kwakanzi multi-link (Multilink).
Mamiriro
Rudzi rutsva rwekumiswa rwakawana zvakakosha zvemhando yepamusoro:
- maoko ekumusoro uye ezasi akagamuchira dhizaini yakaparadzana, imwe neimwe yadzo inogona kukamurwa kuita matanda akaparadzana, uye mhedzisiro isingadiwe madhigirii erusununguko yakabhadharwa nekuwedzera tsvimbo uye pushers;
- kusununguka kwekusindimara kwakachengetedzwa, uyezve, zvakave zvichikwanisika kuparadzanisa kudzora makona emavhiri, zvichienderana nenzvimbo yavo yemazuva ano mumatanda;
- mabasa ekupa longitudinal uye transverse rigidity inogona kugoverwa pamusoro pezvitsiga zvakasiyana;
- nekungowedzera marevhisi akatariswa mundege yaidiwa, zvakave zvinogoneka kuronga chero nzira yevhiri.
Panguva imwecheteyo, hunhu hwose hwakanaka hwemaviri matatu matatu akachengetwa, hutsva hutsva hwakava kuwedzera kwakasununguka kune iripo.
Scheme uye mudziyo wekumisa kumashure
Zvese zvakatanga nekuchinja kwekumiswa kwevhiri rekumashure. Zvose zvakanga zvakanaka nevemberi, nokuti mutyairi pachake aigona kukurumidza kukanganisa makona avo.
Chinhu chekutanga chisingafadzi chemhando yakazvimiririra yakasimudzwa yaive shanduko yemakona ezvigunwe nekuda kwechisikigo kinematic kutevedza kwematriangular levers pamabhururu akanyarara.
Nomuzvarirwo, mumotokari dzemujaho wakasarudzika, majoini akaomarara akashandiswa, asi izvi zvakaderedza kunyaradza, uye hazvina kugadzirisa zvachose dambudziko. Zvakanga zvakafanira kuita akaomesesa subframes, miviri, izvo zvisingagamuchirwi mumotokari dzevanhu. Zvakazove nyore kuwedzera imwe lever iyo yakabhadhara kutenderera kwevhiri, ichigadzira yakatarisana torque.
Pfungwa yakashanda, mushure mezvo mhedzisiro yacho yakawedzera kukwidziridzwa nekushandura parasitic oversteer kuita kwayakarerekera, kana kusakwana. Izvi zvakabatsira kudzikamisa mota pakutendeuka, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kuipinza mujaho zvakachengeteka nekuda kwechidhiraivho.
Mhedzisiro imwechete yakanaka inopiwa nekushandura camber yevhiri panguva yekushanda sitiroko yekumisa munzira kwayo. Mainjiniya vakawana chishandiso chakanaka chavakagoneka nacho kugadzirisa kumiswa.
Parizvino, yakanakisa sarudzo ndeye kushandiswa kwemarevheti mashanu padivi peakisi ine komputa-yakaverengerwa trajectories yekufamba kwemavhiri pakati peakanyanya mapoinzi ekumberi uye kudzosera kumashure kumiswa kwekufamba. Kunyangwe kuitira kurerutsa uye kuderedza mutengo, huwandu hwemarevheti hunogona kudzikira.
Scheme uye mudziyo wekumisa kumberi
Iyo yekumberi yakawanda-link inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kushoma kazhinji. Izvi hazvisi kunyanya kudikanwa, asi vamwe vagadziri vari kushanda mune ino nzira.
Kunyanya kuvandudza kutsetseka kwekufamba, kuita kuti kuturika kuwedzere elastic, uku uchichengetedza controllability. Sezvo mutemo, zvose zvinosvika pakuoma kwekugadzirwa kwedunhu nemakumbo maviri ematatu.
Tichifunga, iyi inguva yakajairwa parallelograph, asi ingangoita hurongwa hwemarevheti anozvimiririra ane hinji dzayo uye chinangwa chekushanda. Hapana nzira imwe chete pano. Asi, isu tinogona kutaura nezve kudzikamisa kushandiswa kweakaomesesa ekutungamira vanes kumakina eprimiyamu.
Multilink inoshanda sei
Munguva yekushanda kwekumira, vhiri rinogona kukanganiswa kwete chete nemasimba ekurodha anomanikidza chitubu, kunze kune kutenderera kwevhiri, asiwo nemasimba enguva refu panguva yebhureki kana kukurumidza mukutendeuka.
Vhiri rinotanga kutsauka richienda mberi kana kumashure zvichienderana nechiratidzo chekumhanya. Chero zvazvingava, kona yezvigunwe zvemashure e-axle mavhiri inotanga kuchinja.
Imwezve Multilink lever, yakaiswa pane imwe kona, inokwanisa kushandura chigunwe. Gumbo rakaremerwa rinotenderera nenzira yekutsiva kubviswa kweparasitic kwendege yekutenderera. Muchina unodzorera maitiro ayo ekutanga ekubata.
Mamwe ese mamwe mabasa emayuniti ekumisikidzwa akafanana kune chero akazvimirira mhando dhizaini. An elastic element muchimiro chechitubu, telescopic hydraulic shock absorber uye anti-roll bar inoshanda nenzira imwecheteyo.
Pros uye Cons
Kufanana nechero nzira yakaoma, kumiswa kwe-multi-link kunoita mabasa ese ayo akasikirwa:
- motokari dzine Multilink dzine kubata kwakanakisisa, chigamba chekubatana nemugwagwa chinogara chakakura sezvinobvira, pesvedzero yeasingadiwi lateral masimba inoderedzwa, uye masimba akanaka anoonekwa munguva uye anodzorwa zvakanaka pakugadzirisa zvakanaka kumisa;
- iyo kumiswa kunopa nyaradzo yemukati mune chero yakazvimirira chirongwa, ichideredza kwete chete kusimuka kwemuviri, asiwo lateral kuvhunduka kana ichirova mabumps mumakona, akawanda elastic zvinhu anoshanda kunze kudiki diki zvakanaka;
- dhizaini ine kuchengetedza kwakanaka, ese marevheti uye hinges anozvimiririra uye anogona kuzvimiririra kubviswa kuti atsive;
- iyo kumiswa kunowanzo kusanganiswa ne subframe, iyo inobvumira kuti iwedzere kuparadzaniswa nemuviri;
- spacing munzvimbo yeese marevheti uye nekumisikidza kwadzo (chete nzvimbo yehukama yemahinji ekupedzisira yakakosha) ita kuti zvive nyore kuunganidza mavhiri ekumashure-mavhiri ekutyaira.
Izvo zvisingabatsiri, chaizvoizvo, imwe-yakanyanya kuoma, uye naizvozvo mutengo. Zvese mukugadzira uye mukugadzirisa, sezvo huwandu hukuru hwemahinji anopfeka ari pasi pekutsiviwa.
Hazvibatsiri kuisa mukati mavo kuwedzera kwekuchengetedzwa kwekuchengeteka, kuwedzera kwemasasi asina kusvibiswa kunowedzerwa nenhamba yemakumbo.
Izvo zviri nani, Torsion danda, MacPherson strut kana Multi-link
Iko hakuna chiyero chakakwana chehunhu hwemhando dzakasiyana dzekumiswa; imwe neimwe ine yayo ine mashoma application mune mamwe makirasi uye mapoka emota. Uye mafungiro evagadziri anowanzochinja nekufamba kwenguva.
Iyo kumiswa iri nyore, yakasimba, yakachipa uye yakanakira mota dzisingadhure zvakanyanya. Panguva imwecheteyo, haizopi kutonga kwakakwana, pamwe nekunyaradza kukuru.
Mukuwedzera, zvinonyanya kudiwa kushandisa subframe, iyo iyo torsion danda isingadi.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, kwave nekudzoka kune nyore kumiswa, kunyangwe mune iwo mamodheru umo yakamboshandiswa multi-link. Vagadziri vanozviona zvisingaite kuzadzisa zvishuwo zvevatapi venhau vemotokari vane ruzivo, izvo zvisingawanzo kujeka kune vanotenga mota.
Zvinogoneka malfunctions e-multi-link kumiswa
Pasinei nekuoma kunooneka, kushanda kwe-multi-link hakudi chero chinhu chakakosha kubva kumuridzi. Izvo zvese zvinouya kune yakajairwa kutsiva mahinji akasakara, chete nhamba huru yadzo inokonzera kusagadzikana.
Asi pane yakakosha, chete iyi kumiswa kwemukati dambudziko. Malevers akawanda nekuda kwechido chekudzikisa huwandu hwavo hwese haana kusimba zvakakwana. Kunyanya kana ivo vakagadzirwa nealuminium alloys kuti vafambise.
Mabumps kubva kumapundu mumugwagwa anogona kuwira netsaona munzira isiriyo, kana achinge aonekwa nechiedza chimwe chete uye chisina kusimba lever.
Simbi yakaremara, mota inotanga kushingaira kupfeka rabha uye inotadza kuzvidzora. Izvi zvinoda kunyatsotariswa. Masimbi akasimba uye maviri marevhera haanyanyi kuita izvi.
Imwe yakasara yekuchengetedzwa kwekumiswa kwakafanana nemamwe marudzi ose. Zvinodonhedza zvinonwisa mvura, zvitubu zvisina simba kana kuputsika, ma struts akasakara uye stabilizer bushings anoenderana nekutsiviwa.
Mushure mekupindira chero kupi zvako mukumiswa, zvakakosha kutarisa uye kudzorera mavhiri ekutanga ekugadzirisa mavhiri, ayo ekugadzirisa mabheji kana eccentric bolts anogadzirwa mumarevheti.
