Iyo general mudziyo weHydraactive hydropneumatic suspension, musimboti wekushanda uye mutengo wekugadzirisa.
Zviri mukati
Chero kumiswa kwemota kune elastic zvinhu, damping uye madhairekitori. Vagadziri vanoyedza kuunza zvivakwa zveimwe node padyo sezvinobvira kune iyo theoretical yakanaka. Apa ndipo panowanikwa organic kukanganisa kwezvinowanzo shandiswa mhinduro, senge zvitubu, zvitubu uye oiri hydraulic shock absorbers, inobuda. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mamwe mafemu anosarudza kutora danho rakakura, achishandisa hydropneumatics mukumisa.
Sei Hydraactive Suspension Yakaitika
Mushure mekuedza kwakawanda nekumiswa kwemidziyo inorema, kusanganisira matangi, mhando nyowani yehydromechanics yakaedzwa pamotokari dzevafambi dzeCitroen.
Kuwana mibairo yakanaka ine ruzivo rwekurembera kumashure pamichina yagara ichizivikanwa panguva iyoyo yekugadzirwa kwayo kwechimurenga ine monocoque body uye front-wheel drive. Front-vhiri Drive, sisitimu iyi nyowani yakaiswa serially pane inovimbisa Citroen DS19.
Kubudirira kwacho kwakanga kuri kupfuura zvose zvaitarisirwa. Iyo mota yave yakakurumbira zvakanyanya, kusanganisira nekuda kwekumisikidzwa kwakapfava nekuchinjika kwemuviri.
Elements, nodes uye michina
Iyo hydropneumatic suspension inosanganisira elastic zvinhu zvinoshanda pa nitrogen yakamanikidzwa kusvika kune yakanyanya kudzvanywa, uye inopombwa kwehupenyu hwese hwesevhisi yemhepo chitubu.
Nekudaro, iyi haisi nyore kutsiva simbi ine gasi rakadzvanywa; chechipiri chakakosha chinhu chakaparadzaniswa kubva kune nitrogen kuburikidza neinochinjika membrane - mvura inoshanda muchimiro cheiyo yakakosha hydraulic oiri.
Iko kuumbwa kweiyo suspension elements yakakamurwa kuita:
- hydropneumatic vhiri struts (kushanda spheres);
- a pressure accumulator inochengetedza simba rekugadzirisa kumiswa kwese (main sphere);
- dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuoma kwekugadzirisa kupa kumiswa kwemaitiro ekugadzirisa;
- pombi yekupomba mvura yekushanda, yekutanga inotyairwa neinjini, uyezve magetsi;
- hurongwa hwemavharuvhu uye zvigadziriso zvekudzora kureba kwemotokari, zvakasanganiswa mune izvo zvinonzi mapuratifomu, imwe kune imwe neimwe axle;
- high-pressure hydraulic lines inobatanidza node dzose uye zvinhu zvehurongwa;
- mavharuvhu uye zvigadziriso zvinobatanidza kuturika kune chidhiraivho nemabhureki zvakazodonhedzwa kubva pakubatanidza ikoko;
- yemagetsi control unit (ECU) nekugona kuita nemaoko uye otomatiki nhanho yenzvimbo yemuviri.
Pamusoro peiyo hydropneumatic zvinhu, iyo kumiswa yaisanganisira echinyakare zvikamu muchimiro chegwara vane, iyo inoumba chimiro chese chekumisikidzwa kwakazvimirira.
Nheyo yekushanda kweiyo hydropneumatic suspension
Kumiswa kwacho kwaive kwakavakirwa padenderedzwa rine nitrogen pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, nezve 50-100 atmospheres, yakaparadzaniswa neinochinjika uye yakasimba membrane kubva ku purely hydraulic system, iyo yakatanga kushandisa green mineral oil yerudzi rweLHM, uye kutanga kubva kuchizvarwa chechitatu ivo. akatanga kushandisa orenji LDS synthetics.
Mabhora aive emhando mbiri - kushanda nekuunganidza. Nzvimbo dzekushanda dzakaiswa pane imwe nguva pagumbo rimwe nerimwe, mitsetse yavo yakabatanidzwa kubva pasi kusvika kumatanda ekumiswa kwe hydraulic cylinders, asi kwete zvakananga, asi kuburikidza nekushanda kwemvura, kuwanda uye kudzvinyirira kunogona kuchinja.
Panguva yekushanda, simba racho raifambiswa kuburikidza nemvura uye membrane, gasi rakamanikidzwa, simba rayo rakawedzera, saka rakashanda sechinhu chinonzi elastic.
Mamiriro ekunyorovesa eanoshanda racks kubva muhumburumbira uye sphere akave akavimbiswa nekuvapo kwepetal mavharuvhu uye calibrated maburi pakati pawo, kudzivirira kubuda kwemahara kwemvura. Viscous friction yakashandura simba rakawandisa kuita kupisa, izvo zvakadzikisira maoscillations.
Iyo rack yakashanda se hydraulic shock absorber, uye inoshanda zvikuru, sezvo mvura yayo yakanga iri pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru, haina kuvira kana kupupa.
Zvinoenderana neiyo musimboti, ipapo vakatanga kugadzira inozivikanwa gasi kuvhunduka kunobata kune wese munhu, izvo zvinovatendera kuti vaone mitoro inorema kwenguva yakareba pasina kubika mafuta uye kurasikirwa nezvinhu zvavo.
Kuputika kwekuyerera kwaive kwakawanda-nhanho, zvichienderana nemhando yechipingamupinyi, mavharuvhu akasiyana akazarurwa, kuomarara kwakasimba kwekuvhunduka kwakachinja, izvo zvakaita kuti kumhanyisa kumhanyisa uye kushandiswa kwesimba mumamiriro ese ezvinhu.
Kuti ugadzirise zvinhu zvekurembera, kuoma kwayo kunogona kuchinjwa nekubatanidza mamwe mativi kumutsara wakafanana kuburikidza nemavharuvhu akasiyana. Asi chakanyanya kushamisa kwaive kutaridzika kweiyo yekutarisa sisitimu yechiyero chemuviri uye nemaoko kutonga kwehurefu hwayo.
Mota yaigona kuiswa mune imwe yenzvimbo ina dzehurefu, mbiri dzaive dzekushanda, dzakajairwa uye nekuwedzera kubvumidzwa kwevhu, uye mbiri chete kuitira nyore. Muchinzvimbo chepamusoro, zvaigoneka kutevedzera kusimudza mota nejeki kuti uchinje vhiri, uye munzvimbo yepasi, mota yakatsikitsira pasi kuti ifambise kurodha.
Zvese izvi zvaidzorwa nepombi ye hydraulic, pakuraira kweECU, kuwedzera kana kuderedza kudzvanywa muhurongwa nekupomba yakawedzera mvura. Kuvhara-kuvhara mavharuvhu kunogona kugadzirisa chigumisiro, mushure mokunge pombi yakadzimwa kusvikira ichidiwa chinotevera.
Sezvo kukurumidza kwakawedzera, kufamba nemuviri wakasimudzwa kwakava kusina kuchengetedzeka uye kusagadzikana, motokari yakangoerekana yadzikisa kucheneswa, ichipfuura chikamu chemvura kuburikidza nemitsara yekudzoka.
Iwo masisitimu mamwechete akatarisisa kusavapo kwema rolls mumakona, uye zvakare akadzikisa kuchovha kwemuviri panguva yebhureki uye kukurumidza. Zvakanga zvakakwana kungogovera zvakare mvura mumitsetse pakati pemavhiri ekesero imwe chete kana kuti pakati peesero.
Kubatsira uye kuipa
Kushandiswa kwegasi sechinhu chinosimudzira kumiswa kunofanirwa kutorwa seyakanakira sarudzo.
Iyo haina kupesana kwemukati, ine inertia shoma uye haina kuneta, kusiyana nesimbi yezvitubu uye zvitubu. Asi dzidziso haigoni kushandiswa nguva dzose nekubudirira kwakakwana. Nokudaro zvikanganiso zvaitarisirwa zvakamuka zvichifambirana nemabhenefiti ekumiswa kutsva.
Pros:
- kukwira kwakanaka kwazvo, mota dzeCitroen dzine hydropneumatic suspension dzagara dzichionekwa semiyero muchikamu ichi;
- mukana wekukurumidza bhunu uye otomatiki kugadzirisa kwehurefu hwekumiswa;
- inogadziriswa kuoma, kusanganisira ye otomatiki kugadzirisa;
- kuenderana kwakanaka nemhando dzakaratidzwa dzegidhi vane, MacPherson musimboti uye akawanda-manongedzo aiwanzo shandiswa.
Cons:
- matambudziko nekuita, zvinhu zvitsva uye matekinoroji zvaidiwa;
- mutengo wakakwirira nekuda kweseti yakakura yemidziyo;
- mukuita, kusimba kwakaderera, kunyange zvazvo kusina kuganhurirwa;
- mari yakakwirira yekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa;
- matambudziko ekuvimbika.
Mushure memakore mazhinji ekugadzirwa, iyo cons ichiri yakakura kupfuura. Takatarisana nekukwikwidza kwakaderera, Citroen yakamisa kushandiswa kwehydropneumatics pamotokari dzebhajeti.
Izvi hazvirevi kusiya zvachose kushandiswa kwayo, motokari dzinodhura kubva kune vamwe vanogadzira dzinoramba dzichipa rudzi urwu rwekugadzikana kunogadzirisa kumiswa semasarudzo emubhadharo.
Mutengo wekugadzirisa
Michina yakawanda ine hydropneumatic suspension inoramba ichishandiswa. Asi ivo vanotengwa pamusika wechipiri pane kusada. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekudhura kwekuchengetedza motokari dzakadai dziri mumamiriro akanaka.
Spheres, pombi, high pressure mitsara, mavharuvhu uye regulators anokundikana. Mutengo wepasiredhi kubva kumugadziri akanaka unotanga kubva ku8-10 zviuru zveRubles, yepakutanga inenge imwe nehafu yakapetwa. Kana iyo unit ichiri kushanda, asi yakatorasikirwa nekumanikidzwa, zvino inogona kuwedzerwa kune inenge 1,5-2 zviuru.
Zvizhinji zvezvikamu zviri pasi pemuviri wemotokari, saka vanotambura nekuora. Uye kana iri nyore kutsiva iyo yakafanana sphere, zvino kana kubatana kwayo kukava kuvava kwazvo, zvino zvinoshanduka kuita dambudziko rakakura nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwekushandisa kwakakosha kuedza. Nokudaro, mutengo webasa unogona kusvika pamutengo wechikamu chacho pachako.
Uyezve, matambudziko mazhinji anogona kumuka pakutsiva mapaipi ari kudonha nekuda kwekuora. Semuenzaniso, iyo chubhu kubva papombi inopinda nemuchina wese, tekinoroji kubviswa kwezvikamu zvakawanda kunozodiwa.
Mutengo wenyaya unogona kusvika kumakumi maviri ezviuru zveRubles, uye hazvitarisike nekuda kwekuora kwezvimwe zvisungo zvese.
Mvura yekushanda kune chero kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa inodiwa nguva dzose uye muhuwandu hwakakosha. Mutengo wacho unofananidzwa nemafuta ekutumira otomatiki, anenge 500 rubles parita yeLHM uye anenge 650 rubles eLDS synthetics.
Kutsiva zvikamu zvakawanda, semuenzaniso, izvo zvine chekuita nemapuratifomu, ndiko kuti, kugadzirisa kureba kwemuviri, nemitsva kazhinji hazvigoneke mune zvehupfumi. Naizvozvo, isu takaunganidza ruzivo rwakawanda mukudzoreredza uye kugadzirisa kwezvikamu.
Kunyangwe kunyaradzwa kwemotokari dzekare kwakakodzera kuchengetwa kwekugara kwekumiswa - munhu wese anozvisarudzira.
