Manual transmission - robhoti giya

Chero chero mota yemazuva ano haizokwanisa kutanga nekufamba mushe kana pasina hutapuro mumudziyo wayo. Nhasi kune akasiyana marudzi ese emabhokisi emagetsi, ayo asingangobvumidze mutyairi kusarudza sarudzo inokodzera kugona kwake, asiwo zvinoita kuti uwane kunyaradzwa kwakanyanya kubva pakutyaira mota.

Muchidimbu nezvemhando huru dzekufambisa dzinotsanangurwa mu akaparadzanisa ongororo... Iye zvino ngatitaurei zvakadzama nezve chii chinonzi robotic giya bhokisi, ayo makuru misiyano kubva kubhuku regearbox, uyezve funga musimboti wekushanda kwechikwata ichi.

Chii chinonzi robotic gearbox

Iko kushanda kwegearbox kwakada kufanana neanogadzira analogue kunze kwezvimwe zvinhu. Chishandiso cherobhoti chinosanganisira zvikamu zvakawanda zvinoumba mechiniki vhezheni yebhokisi yatove inozivikanwa kune wese munhu. Musiyano mukuru pakati peiyo robhoti ndeyekuti kutonga kwayo ndekwe microprocessor mhando. Mumabhokisi emagetsi akadaro, kuchinja kwesimbi kunoitwa nemagetsi zvichibva pane data kubva kuma sensors einjini, gasi rinokanganisa nemavhiri.

Bhokisi re robhoti rinogona zvakare kunzi otomatiki muchina, asi iri izita risiri iro. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti otomatiki kutapurirana kunowanzo shandiswa seyakajairika pfungwa. Nekudaro, iyo yakafanana variator ine otomatiki modhi yekuchinja magiya ratios, saka kune vamwe zvakare iri otomatiki. Muchokwadi, maererano nehurongwa uye musimboti wekushanda, robhoti iri padyo nebhokisi rechimakanika.

Nekunze, hazvigoneke kusiyanisa pakati pe otomatiki kutapurirana uye manyore kutapurirana, nekuti vanogona kunge vakafanana sarudza uye nemuviri. Unogona kutarisa kuendesa chete mota ichityaira. Mhando yega yega yeyuniti ine yayo hunhu hwebasa.

Chinangwa chikuru chekutakurisa robhoti ndechekuita kuti kutyaira kuve nyore sezvinobvira. Mutyairi haadi kuchinja magiya ari ega - basa iri rinoitwa nechikwata chekutonga. Pamusoro pekunyaradza, vagadziri vekufambisa vega varikuedza kuita kuti zvigadzirwa zvavo zvidhure. Nhasi, iro robhoti ndiyo yakanyanya bhajeti mhando yegearbox mushure meamakanika, asi haina kupa kwakadaro kutyaira kwekutyaira senge variator kana otomatiki.

Nheyo ye robotic gearbox

Iyo robhoti yekufambisa inogona kuchinjira kune inotevera kumhanya kungaita otomatiki kana semi-otomatiki. Muchiitiko chekutanga, iyo microprocessor unit inogamuchira masaini kubva kuma sensors, pahwaro iyo iyo algorithm yakarongedzwa nemugadziri inokonzereswa.

Mazhinji mabhokisi emagetsi akagadzirwa nesarudzo yekushandisa. Mune ino kesi, kumhanya kucharamba kuchingotendeuka otomatiki. Chinhu chega ndechekuti mutyairi anokwanisa kuzvimiririra nguva yekuchinja kumusoro kana pasi giya. Dzimwe otomatiki dzinofambisa dzerudzi rweTiptronic dzine maitiro akafanana.

Kuti uwedzere kana kudzikisa kumhanya, mutyairi anofambisa iyo inosarudza lever yakananga + kana yakanangana -. Nekuda kwesarudzo iyi, vamwe vanhu vanosheedza izvi kutapurirana zvichiteerana kana kuteedzana.

Irobhoti bhokisi rinoshanda maererano nechirongwa chinotevera:

1. Mutyairi anoshandisa mabhureki, anotanga injini uye anofambisa lever mode Selector lever kuisa D;
2. Iyo chiratidzo kubva kuchikamu ichienda kubhokisi rekutonga unit;
3. Zvichienderana nemaitiro akasarudzwa, iyo yuniti inodzora inoita algorithm yakakodzera zvinoenderana neicho chinoshanda.
4. Mukufamba, ma sensors anotumira masaini ku "brain robhoti" nezve kumhanya kwemotokari, nezve mutoro weiyo simba unit, pamwe nezve iyo yazvino gearbox modhi;
5. Angx zviratidzo zvikangomira kuenderana nechirongwa chakaiswa kubva kufekitori, chinodzora unit chinopa rairo yekuchinjira kune rimwe giya. Izvi zvinogona kuve kuwedzera kana kuderera kwekumhanya.

Kana mutyairi achityaira mota nemakanika, anofanirwa kunzwa mota yake kuti azive nguva yekuchinjira kune imwe kumhanya. Mune robhoti analogue, maitiro akafanana anoitika, chete mutyairi haafanire kufunga nezve nguva yekufambisa lever yekuchinja kuenda kunzvimbo yaunoda. Pane kudaro, iyo microprocessor inozviita.

Iyo system inoongorora ruzivo rwese kubva kuma sensors ese uye inosarudza rakanakira giya kune rakatarwa mutoro. Zvekuti zvemagetsi zvigone kuchinja magiya, iko kufambisa kune hydromechanical actuator. Mune imwe vhezheni yakajairika, panzvimbo ye hydromechanics, yemagetsi dhiraivha kana servo drive yakaiswa, iyo inobatanidza / inodonhedza batira mubhokisi (nenzira, izvi zvine zvimwe zvakafanana neiyo otomatiki gearbox - batira iri kwete iko iko iko kwekutapurirana kwemanyorero, iri padyo neiyo flywheel, asi mudzimba payo kufambisa).

Kana iyo unit control ichipa chiratidzo chekuti inguva yekuchinjira kune imwe kumhanya, yekutanga magetsi (kana hydromechanical) servo drive inotangwa. Iyo inobvisa iyo clutch yekukweshera huso. Servo yechipiri inozofambisa magiya muchimisikidzo kuenda kunzvimbo yaunoda. Ipapo yekutanga inoburitsa zvishoma nezvishoma batira. Dhizaini iyi inobvumira mashandiro ekushanda pasina mutyairi kutora chikamu, saka, muchina une robotic hutachiwana hauna chekubata.

Mazhinji mabhokisi emagetsi pane akasarudza akamanikidza giya nzvimbo. Izvi zvinonzi tiptronic zvinobvumira mutyairi kuti azvimiririre panguva yekuchinjira kune yakakwira kana yekudzika kumhanya.

Robotic gearbox chishandiso

Nhasi, kune akati wandei marudzi erobhoti anotapira evanofamba nemota. Dzinogona kusiyana kubva kune imwe kune mamwe maactuator, asi izvo zvikamu zvikuru zvinoramba zvakafanana.

Heano maodhi akabatanidzwa mubhokisi regear:

1. Batira. Zvichienderana nemugadziri uye nekushandurwa kwechikwata, ichi chinogona kuve chikamu chimwe nechokukwesana pamusoro kana madhisiki akati wandei akafanana. Kazhinji kazhinji, zvinhu izvi zviri munzvimbo inotonhorera, iyo inosimbisa kushanda kwechikwata, ichidzivirira kubva pakupisa. Iyo preselective kana mbiri sarudzo inoonekwa seinoshanda. Mukushandurwa uku, nepo imwe giya iri kuita, seti yechipiri iri kugadzirira kubatidza kumhanya kunotevera.
2. Chikamu chikuru ndecheyakajairika mehendi yemakanika. Mugadziri wega wega anoshandisa akasiyana dhizaini dhizaini. Semuenzaniso, robhoti kubva kuMercedes brand (Speedshift) iri mukati 7G-Tronic otomatiki kutapurirana. Musiyano chete pakati pezvikwata ndewekuti panzvimbo pekushandura torque, batira ine akati wandei mafiski discs anoshandiswa. BMW ine maitiro akafanana. Bhokisi reGMG rayo rinobva pabhokisi rechitanhatu-rinokurumidza.
3. Clutch uye kufambisa kutyaira. Pane zvingasarudzwa zviviri - ine yemagetsi dhiraivha kana hydromechanical analogue. Muchiitiko chekutanga, batira inosvinwa nemagetsi mota, uye mune yechipiri - ne hydraulic cylinders ane EM vharuvhu. Iyo yemagetsi dhiraivha inoshanda inononoka kupfuura ma hydraulics, asi haidi kuchengetedzwa kwekugara uchimanikidzwa mumutsara, kubva kune iyo electro-hydraulic mhando inoshanda. Iyo hydraulic robhoti inoenda padanho rinotevera zvakanyanya kukurumidza (0,05 masekondi maringe ne 0,5 masekondi kune analogue yemagetsi). Magetsi gearbox anonyanya kuiswa pamabhajeti mota, uye hydromechanical gearbox inoiswa pamitambo yemitambo yepimiyamu, nekuti kumhanya kwegearshift kwakakosha kwazvo mavari pasina kukanganisa simba rekushandisa kune shaft drive.
4.  Switch. Kune zvakawanda zvezvikamu zvakadaro mu robot. Ivo vanoona akawanda akasiyana parameter ekufambisa, semuenzaniso, chinzvimbo chemaforogo, kumisikidza kwekuisa uye kuburitsa shafts, mune chinzvimbo chinosarudza switch chakakiiwa, tembiricha yechitonhodza, nezvimwe. Ruzivo rwese urwu rwunopihwa kumuchina wekudzivirira mudziyo.
5. ECU inobatanidza microprocessor, umo maalgorithms akasiyana akarongedzwa nezviratidzo zvakasiyana zvinouya kubva kuma sensors. Chidimbu ichi chakabatana neiyo main control unit (kubva ipapo data reinjini inoshanda rinouya), pamwe nemagetsi emagetsi ekuvharisa masisitimu (ABS kana ESP).
6. Actuators - hydraulic sepombi kana emagetsi mota, zvichienderana nekushandurwa kwebhokisi.

Izvo zvakasarudzika zvebasa re RPPP

Kuti mota itange zvakanaka, mutyairi anofanirwa kushandisa batira zvakanaka. Mushure mekunge aisa yekutanga kana yekudzosera giya, iye anofanirwa kusunungura zviri nyore chitiviri. Kana mutyairi achinge anzwa nekubatanidzwa kwema discs, sezvaanoburitsa chitiviri, anogona kuwedzera RPM kuinjini kuchengetedza mota kubva mukumira. Aya ndiwo mashandiro anoita makanika.

Maitiro akafanana anoitika mune mumwe marobhoti. Chete muchiitiko ichi hunyanzvi hukuru haudiwe kubva kune mutyairi. Iye anongoda kufambisa chinja chebhokisi kunzvimbo yakakodzera. Iyo mota ichatanga kufamba zvinoenderana nezvirongedzo zveyuniti unit.

Iyo yakapusa imwechete-clutch modification inoshanda seyakajairika mamakanika. Nekudaro, panguva imwecheteyo, pane dambudziko rimwe chete - zvemagetsi hazvinyorwe mhinduro ye clutch. Kana munhu achikwanisa kuona kuti zvakadii zvakanaka kuti ubudise chitiviri mune imwe nyaya, michina inoshanda zvakanyanya, saka kufamba kwemotokari kunoperekedzwa nejeki dzinooneka.

Izvi zvinonyanya kunzwika mukugadziriswa pamwe nemagetsi emagetsi eactuator - nepo giya richichinja, batira ichave yakavhurika mamiriro. Izvi zvinoreva kupaza kwekuyerera kwetorque, nekuda kwekuti mota inotanga kudzikira. Sezvo kumhanya kwekutenderera kwemavhiri kwatova kushoma zvinoenderana nemagiya akabatanidzwa, jerk shomana inoitika.

Mhinduro yekuvandudza padambudziko iri yaive yekuvandudzwa kweshanduro mbiri. Mumiriri anomiririra kufambisa kwakadai Volkswagen DSG. Ngatinyatsoongororai maitiro ayo.

Zvimiro zveDSG robhoti giya

Chirevo chinomiririra yakanangana neshanduko gearbox. Muchokwadi, aya maviri emagetsi mabhokisi akaiswa mune imwe imba, asi aine imwechete yekubatanidza kunongedzera kune chassis yemuchina. Mumwe mashandiro ane yayo batira.

Chinhu chikuru cheiyi nongedzo ndiyo preselective mode. Ndokunge, nepo shaft yekutanga ichimhanya neiyo giya inobatanidzwa, iyo yemagetsi yatobatanidza inoenderana magiya (kana ichimhanyisa kuwedzera giya, painodzikamisa - kudzikisa) yechipiri shaft. Iyo huru actuator inongoda kudimbura imwe batira uye kubatanidza imwe. Panongotambirwa chiratidzo kubva kuchikamu chekudzora kuchinjira kune imwe nhanho, iyo inoshanda clutch inovhura, uye yechipiri iine magiya atove meshed inobatana pakarepo.

Iyi dhizaini inokutendera iwe kuchovha pasina majee akasimba kana uchimhanyisa. Yokutanga kukura preselective nadzurudzo akazviratidza 80s remakore rapfuura. Chokwadi, ipapo marobhoti ane mbiri clutch akaiswa pane rally uye mujaho mota umo kumhanyisa uye kurongeka kwekuchinja kwegiya kwakakosha kwazvo.

Kana isu tichienzanisa iyo DSG bhokisi neiyo yakasarudzika otomatiki, saka yekutanga sarudzo ine zvimwe zvakanaka. Chekutanga, nekuda kweyakajairika dhizaini yezvakakosha zvinhu (iyo inogadzira inogona kutora chero yakagadzirira-inogadzirwa analogue sehwaro), bhokisi rakadai rinenge rakachipa pakutengesa. Chinhu chimwe chete ichocho chinokanganisa kugadziriswa kweiyo unit - iyo michina yakatendeka uye iri nyore kugadzirisa.

Izvi zvakaita kuti mugadziri akwanise kuisa hutepfenyuro pamhando dzemabhajeti ezvigadzirwa zvavo. Chechipiri, vazhinji varidzi vemota vane giya bhokisi rakadaro vanowedzera kuwedzera kwehupfumi hwemotokari zvichienzaniswa neiyo yakafanana modhi, asi iine rakasiyana giya.

Mainjiniya ezvinonetsa zveVAG akagadzira maviri akasiyana ekupararira kweDSG. Imwe yacho yakanyorwa kuti 6, uye imwe iri 7, inoenderana nenhamba yematanho ari mubhokisi. Uyezve, otomatiki-inomhanya otomatiki anoshandisa yakanyorova batira, uye minomwe-inomhanya analogue inoshandisa yakaoma batira. Mune zvimwe zvakadzama nezve zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira zveiyo DSG bhokisi, pamwe nekuti zvimwe DSG 6 modhi inosiyana sei nechinomwe nadzurudzo, inotsanangurwa mu separated article.

Kubatsira uye kuipa

Iyo inofungidzirwa mhando yekutapurirana ine ese maviri akanaka uye akaipa mativi. Zvakanakira bhokisi zvinosanganisira:

• Kufambisa kwakadai kunogona kushandiswa muchiyero pamwe nechinzvimbo chemagetsi chinenge chero simba ripi zvaro;
• Inofananidzwa nemusiyano uye otomatiki muchina, iyo robhoti vhezheni yakachipa, kunyangwe ichi chiri chinzvimbo chitsva kusimudzira;
• Marobhoti akavimbika kupfuura mamwe otomatiki kutumira.
• Nekuda kwekufananidzwa kwemukati nema mechanics, zviri nyore kuwana nyanzvi iyo ichaita kugadzirisa kwechikwata;
• Kuchinja kwemagetsi kwakanyanya kunobvumira kushandiswa kwesimba reinjini pasina kuwedzera kwakanyanya mukushandisa peturu;
• Nekuvandudza mashandiro, muchina unoburitsa zvinhu zvisina kukuvadza munzvimbo.

Kunyangwe iwo mabhenefiti akajeka pamusoro pehumwe otomatiki kufambisa, iyo robhoti ine akatiwandei zvakakomba zvakashata:

• Kana mota iine robhoti-rimwe robhoti, saka rwendo rwemotokari yakadaro harugone kunzi rwakagadzikana. Paunenge uchichinja magiya, pachave nemajeniki anooneka, sekunge mutyairi anongoerekana akanda chinongedzo pamakanika.
• Kazhinji kazhinji, batira (isina kunyorovera kubatanidzwa) uye maactuator anokundikana muchikamu. Izvi zvinoomesa kugadziriswa kwekutapurirana, sezvo vaine diki yekushandisa zviwanikwa (anenge zviuru zana zvemakiromita). Kazhinji maservos anogadziriswa uye mashandiro matsva anodhura.
• Kana iri batira, dhisiki sosi iri zvakare diki kwazvo - anenge zviuru makumi matanhatu. Zvakare, ingangoita hafu yesource inofanirwa kuita "kubatana" kwebhokisi pasi pemamiriro ekupokana kwenzvimbo dzezvikamu.
• Kana tikataura nezve preselective nadzurudzo yeDSG, zvino zvaratidza kuve zvakavimbika nekuda kwenguva shoma yekumhanyisa mhanyisa (nekuda kweizvi, mota hainonoke zvakanyanya). Pasinei neizvi, kunamatira kuchiri kutambura mavari.

Tichifunga nezvezvakanyorwa zvinhu, tinogona kugumisa kuti sekuvimbika uye hupenyu hwekushanda, mamakanika haasati aenzana izvozvi. Kana kukoshesa kuchiiswa pakunyaradza kukuru, saka zvirinani kusarudza variator (chii chiri chimiro chayo, verenga pano). Inofanira kutarisirwa mupfungwa kuti kutapurirana kwakadai hakuzopa mukana wekuponesa mafuta.

Mukupedzisa, isu tinopa ipfupi vhidhiyo kuenzanisa kwemhando huru dzekufambisa - kwavo kwakanaka nezvakaipa:

Ungasarudza sei mota, iro bhokisi riri nani: otomatiki, CVT, robhoti, makanika

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peautomaton nerobhoti? Iyo otomatiki dhizaini inoshanda pamutengo weiyo torque inoshandura (hapana kuomarara kubatanidzwa neiyo flywheel kuburikidza ne clutch), uye iro robhoti rakafanana nemakanika, chete kumhanya kunochinjirwa otomatiki.

Nzira yekushandura magiya pabhokisi rebhobhoti? Nheyo yekutyaira robhoti yakafanana nekutyaira otomatiki: iyo inodiwa modhi inosarudzwa pane yekusarudza, uye iyo injini yekumhanya inodzorwa negasi pedal. Mamhanyiro achachinja ega.

Ndeapi ma pedals arimo mumota ine robot? Kunyangwe iro robhoti rakafanana nemakanika, clutch inongozvibvisa kubva paflywheel, saka mota ine marobhoti transmission ine maviri pedals (gasi uye brake).

Nzira yekumisa mota zvakanaka sei nebhokisi rerobhoti? Iyo yeEuropean modhi inofanirwa kumiswa muA modhi kana mune reverse giya. Kana motokari iri yeAmerica, saka pane P mode pane yekusarudza.