Chii chinonzi chinyararire block uye mune zvipi zviitiko zvinoda kuchinjwa
Muchikamu chino, tichataura nezve chikamu chakareruka uye chisingaonekwe chinonzi silent block. Kunyange zvazvo mumotokari muine akati wandei, haaoneki pakarepo neziso risina kudzidziswa, kunyanya kana akafukidzwa netsvina. Uye kune vamwe, kunyangwe izwi rekuti "silent block" pacharo rinogona kuve nyowani. Zvisinei, tsanangudzo iyi inokosha zvikuru.
Iyo yakanyarara block ine maviri simbi bushings - ekunze nemukati, pakati peiyo elastic zvinhu inotsikirirwa nevulcanization - kazhinji rubber kana polyurethane. Mhedzisiro ndeye rubber-metal hinge (RMH). Izvo zvinoitika kuti glue inoshandiswa kusimbisa kunamatira kwerabha kune simbi. Kutenda kune chikamu ichi, zvinokwanisika kubatanidza zvinhu zvinofamba nenzira yekuti hapazove nesimbi-ku-metal friction. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hapazove ne creaking uye vibrations, uye lubrication haizodikanwa.
Kunyatsotaura, chivharo chinyararire inyaya yakakosha yerubha-simbi hinge (RMH). Mune yakajairwa RMSH, mukana wekutsvedza kwezvikamu zvinodzivirirwa nekudhonza rubber bushing pamusoro pesimbi bushing kana kuti radial compression nemujaho wekunze. Nemutoro wakawandisa kana kuratidzwa kune zvakashata zvekunze zvinhu, kusafamba-famba kunogona kutyorwa, uye ipapo iwe unogona kunzwa hunhu hwemarubha achikwesha pamusoro pesimbi.
Nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwekusimudza tekinoroji, chivharo chinyararire chinodzivirirwa kubva kune chakadaro, saka zita rechikamu ichi rakabva, nekuti "kunyarara" muchiRungu zvinoreva "nyarara". Iyo yakanyarara block inotyora "mhiko yekunyarara" chete mune imwe nyaya - kana iyo elastic inopinza yabvaruka.
Kwenguva yekutanga, chigadzirwa chakadaro chakatanga kushandiswa mumotokari dzavo naChrysler mukutanga kwe30s yezana remakore rapfuura. Pakutanga, RMSh yakashandiswa kuderedza kuzununguka kweinjini yekupisa yemukati. Asi pfungwa iyi yakabudirira zvikuru zvokuti munguva pfupi mahinji aishandisa simbi nerabha akatanga kuiswa pamichina yevagadziri vakasiyana-siyana. Zvishoma nezvishoma, RMS yakatamira kune dzimwe nzira dzekutakura uye indasitiri.
Zvakanakira zvehinge dzakadaro zviri pachena:
- kushayikwa kwekukwesha uye kudiwa kwekuzora;
- dhizaini kuchinjika;
kukwanisa kuderedza vibrations uye ruzha;
- kusimba uye kusakosha shanduko mukuita nekufamba kwenguva;
- hapana chikonzero chekuchengetedza;
- tsvina, jecha uye ngura hazvisi zvakaipa kune rabha.
Silent blocks akauya kunyanya kubatsira mukubatanidza zvinhu zvinofamba zvekumiswa. Kunyangwe pano ivo vakazozvisimbisa ivo sechinhu chikuru chekusimbisa chete kusvika kumagumo kwezana ramakore rechi20. Kuunzwa kwehunyanzvi mukugadzirwa kwakawanda kwaida tsvakiridzo yakakura uye budiriro kuitira kuti uwane nzira dzakakwana dzesimbi nerabha adhesion uye zvinhu zvakanakisa zvevulcanization.
Mumotokari yemazuva ano, unogona kuwana zvikamu zvakawanda zvinosanganisira simbi nerabha, asi hazvisi zvose zvidhinha zvinyararire. Semuenzaniso, izvo zvinonzi "zvinoyangarara" zvivharo zvinyararire hazvisi RMSH zvachose - nekugadzira iwo majoini ebhora. Iko hakuna elastic element mumudziyo wavo, uye rabha inoshanda chete kudzivirira kubva kune tsvina inopinda mukati uye lubricant ichibuda kunze.
Nzvimbo huru yezvivharo zvinyararire ndeye, pano ivo vanonyanya kushandira kubatanidza levers.
Mukuwedzera, zvidhinha zvinyararire zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya kukwira, kumashure ekumisa matanda, uye zvakare mukati.
RMSH zvakare inobvumidza iwe kudzikisa zvakanyanya kudedera uye ruzha mukumisikidzwa kweinjini yekupisa yemukati, giya bhokisi uye zvimwe zvikamu zvemuchina.
Izvo zvekushanda zvivakwa uye kusimba kwekushandiswa kwezvivharo zvinyararire zvinonyanya kutsanangurwa nemhando ye elastic zvinhu zviri pakati pesimbi bushings.
Mhedzisiro yakanakisa ndeyekushandiswa kwerabha yechisikigo ine zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowedzera zvinopa kuita kunodiwa. Munguva yekuita vulcanization, rabha inoshanduka kuita rabha uye inopa yakavimbika kunamatira kune simbi.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, kakawanda kune RMS, umo polyurethane kana musanganiswa wayo nerabha inoshandiswa. Polyurethane yakasimba kudarika rabha uye inochembera zvishoma nezvishoma. Inoshivirira mazaya echando zvakanaka, apo rabha inogona kutsemuka uye kusashanda. Inopesana nemafuta uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukuvadza rabha. Nekuda kwezvikonzero izvi chete, polyurethane bushings inofanira kugara kwenguva yakareba kupfuura mamwe erubha. Kanenge nedzidziso.
Zvisinei, dambudziko re polyurethane nderekuti mazhinji emagiredhi ayo haapi kunamatira zvakakwana kune simbi. Kana iwe uine yakaderera-mhando ye polyurethane silent block, mhedzisiro inogona kunge iri kutsvedza kweiyo elastic inoisa pasi pemutoro. Creak ichaonekwa, asi kazhinji, kushanda kwehinge yakadaro hakuzove kwakanaka sezvatinoda.
Kana iwe ukadzidzira dhiraivha yakadzikama uye uchidzivirira nzira dzakaipa, saka zvinokwanisika kuti upfuure nemahinji erabha.
Kana iwe uri fan yekutyaira uye usinga tarise zvakanyanya kune mabumps emumugwagwa, saka iwe unofanirwa kuedza polyurethane silent blocks. Maererano nevatyairi vakawanda, motokari iri nani kudzorwa navo, kuvhunduka uye vibrations zviri nani kunyoroveswa. Kunyange zvazvo kune avo vane maonero akasiyana, vachitenda kuti zvivharo zvinyararire zvine polyurethane zvinoiswa hazvina kuvimbika uye zvinogara zvishoma pane zverabha. Zvingangodaro, zvose zviri zviviri zvakarurama, uye zvose zvinoenderana nezvinhu zve polyurethane inoshandiswa uye hutano hwekushanda kwechikamu.
Sezvinei, zvidhinha zvinyararire muzviitiko zvakawanda zvinofanirwa kumira mileage ye100 zviuru zvemakiromita. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, mhando yakanaka RMS inogona "kupfuura nepakati" mazana maviri ezviuru. Zvakanaka, mune chokwadi chedu, zviri nani kuongorora mamiriro ezvivharo zvinyararire mushure mekumhanya kwe200 ... zviuru makumi matanhatu zvemakiromita, kana kunyange kazhinji kana mota ichishandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma.
Deredza hupenyu hweRMSH yakawandisa kurodha yemota, yakapinza dhiraivha dhiraivha, kazhinji vanosvika nekumhanya kwakakosha pazvipingamupinyi nenzira yemakomba, njanji, curbs, kumhanya mabumps. Kungoerekana kwachinja tembiricha uye kuratidzwa kune zvinhu zvine hukasha zvinoshatisa rabha.
Kuti utarise nemeso mamiriro emahinji, iwe unofanirwa kutyaira mugomba rekuongorora kana kusimudza mota pakusimudza. Zvadaro, zvikamu zvinofanira kushambidzwa kubva kune tsvina uye kunyatsoongororwa. Hapafanirwe kuve nekutsemuka, kutsemuka, delaminations kana kuzvimba kwerabha, zvikasadaro chivharo chinyararire chinofanira kutsiviwa.
Zvakare, chikonzero chakakomba chekuchinja kwekukurumidzira kuchave kudzosera kumashure pachigaro. Kana izvi zvikasaitwa, saka chigaro chichakurumidza kuputswa zvekuti hazvigoneke kudzvanya hinge itsva mairi. Ipapo iwe uchafanirwa kushandisa mari kwete chete pane yakanyarara block, asiwo pane iyo chikamu iyo yakaiswa. Kana iwe ukatanga kunzwa kugogodza mukati, pakarepo tarisa hinges uye fasteners. Zvadaro, zvichida, iwe uchadzivisa kuwedzera dambudziko kune imwe nhanho yakakomba.
Zvisina kunanga, maitiro emotokari mumugwagwa anogona kutaura nezvematambudziko nemabhururu akanyarara. Panogona kunge paine kunonoka kupindura pakutenderedza vhiri uye kusiya mota parutivi, kunyanya pakumhanya.
Chimwe chiratidzo cheakapfekwa akanyarara mabhuroko kuwedzera ruzha uye vibration mukumiswa.
Kukundikana kunyarara zvivharo zvinotungamirira kuchinje pachinzvimbo. Somugumisiro, kurongeka kwevhiri kunovhiringidzika, izvo zvinoitika, izvo zvinogona kuonekwa kunyange neziso rakashama - mavhiri ari mumba. Uye yakatyoka vhiri kurongeka, zvakare, inotungamira kune isina kuenzana kupfeka matayi.
Asi zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kuva nezvimwe zvikonzero. Kuti uwane ruzivo rwakanyanya, zviri nani kubata basa remotokari.
Mabhururu akanyarara, kunze kwemamodhi anodonha, haasi pasi pekugadzirisa - kungotsiva chete. Kazhinji pane zvikamu, semuenzaniso, kumisa maoko, umo hinge iri chikamu chakakosha chechimiro. ipapo, kana zvisina kurongeka, uchafanira kushandura chikamu chose gungano.
Pakutengeswa Izvo zvinoitika kuti iwe unogona kuwana kugadzirisa bushings yezvinyararire zvidhinha. Kuburitswa kwezvikamu zvakasara zvakadaro kunorairwa chete nechishuwo chekushanda kune vasina ruzivo uye vanonyengerwa vatyairi. Nekuti hinge yakadzoserwa nenzira iyi haina kunaka. Iyo haimirire mutoro uye inokurumidza kukundikana, uye panguva imwechete inoputsa chigaro.
Zvekutsiva zvemhando yepamusoro zvidhinha zvinyararire, maturusi akajairwa haazokwani. Kudzvanya nekutsikirira kunoda akakosha ekudhonza, mandrels, zvibhakera nezvimwe zvinhu. Zvechokwadi, mumaoko ane unyanzvi, sledge uye chidimbu chepombi yedhayamita yakakodzera zvinogona kuita zvinoshamisa, asi njodzi yekukuvadza hinge kana kuputsa chigaro yakakwirira zvikuru. Zvinokwanisika kutenga seti yakasarudzika yezvishandiso uye zvigadziriso, asi mutengo unowanzoitika zvekuti kugadzirisa panzvimbo yebasa remotokari kungave kwakachipa.
Chero zvazvingava, kuti uchinje wakasununguka zvidhinha zvinyararire, iwe uchada ruzivo, kunyanya kana zvasvika pakugadzirisa magetsi unit kana gearbox - zviri nani kupa basa iri rakaoma uye rinopedza nguva kune vanokwanisa mechanics.
Kana iwe uchiri kusarudza kuita basa iwe pachako, unofanirwa kuchengeta zvinotevera mupfungwa:
Kuomarara kwechivharo chinyararire kunogona kusiyanisa pamwe neradius, mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kune anokwira mamakisi pamuviri wayo. Paunenge uchiisa, unofanirwa kufamba navo kana nezvimwe zvinooneka zvinhu.
Panguva yekuisa, usashandise mafuta kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukuvadza kuiswa kwe elastic kweRMSH.
Sezvo chinyararire chivharo chisiri cheiyo elastic zvinhu zvekumisa, zvinodikanwa kusabvisa mutoro wayo mumamiriro epakati pemotokari. Nokudaro, kusimbiswa kwezvivharo zvakanyarara kunofanira kuitwa kana muchina uri pasi nemavhiri ayo, uye kwete kumiswa pakusimudza.
Sezvo mabhuroki matsva akanyarara achachinja makona emavhiri, mushure mekuashandura, zvinodikanwa kugadzirisa kurongeka.
Kuti urege kukanda zvivharo zvinyararire nguva isati yasvika, zvakakwana kutevera seti yemitemo iri nyore.
Dhiraivha nekungwarira, kukunda makomba uye zvipingamupinyi zvakasiyana padiki kumhanya.
Edza kusaremedza kumiswa, usaturika mavhiri kwenguva yakareba.
Dzivisa kusvetuka kukuru kwekumisa, kunyanya mukutonhora kwekunze.
Usapisa RMS, usabvisa kuratidzwa kune zvinhu zvine hutsinye.
Nguva nenguva geza mabhuroko akanyarara, sezvo guruva rapinda mumicrocracks rinobatsira kukurumidza kupera kwerabha kana polyurethane.
