Kukundikana kwechidhiraivho. Zviratidzo zvekuputsika uye kugadzirisa

Kutyaira kunyaradzwa uye kuchengeteka mumugwagwa kunoenderana nekushanda kwakakwana kwekufambisa kwemotokari. Naizvozvo, kune chero mutyairi hazvizove zvakanyanyisa kunzwisisa misimboti yekushanda kweiyo dhiraivha system uye kuziva zvekuita kana humwe hurema hukaitika mairi.

Nzvimbo yepakati mune ino system inogarwa nedhiraivha.

Iyo rack uye pinion mechanism yakagara ichishandiswa kutenderedza mavhiri emota. Uye kunyange zvazvo iri kugara ichinatswa uye kuvandudzwa, nheyo dzebasa rayo sedzose dzinoramba dzakafanana.

Kuti uchinje kutenderera kwechidhiraivho kuita kutenderera kwemavhiri, musimboti wegiya rehonye rinoshandiswa. Kana mutyairi achitenderedza chidhiraivho, iye nokudaro anotenderedza giya rekutyaira (worm), iro rinosangana neraki.

Zvichienderana nekutungamira kwekutenderera kwevhiri, giya regiya rinoenda kuruboshwe kana kurudyi uye, uchishandisa madhiraivha akabatana nawo, anoshandura mavhiri epamberi.

Iyo mazino rack inoiswa mune cylindrical housing (crankcase), iyo inowanzo gadzirwa nealuminium-based light alloy uye inosungirirwa kumotokari chassis parallel kune ekisero yekumberi.Tsvimbo dzakarukwa kune njanji kumativi ese. Iwo masimbi esimbi ane ball joint uye threaded rail side. Kune rumwe rutivi rwetsvimbo pane shinda yekunze ye screwing pamuromo. The steering tip ine shinda yemukati kune rimwe divi, uye bhora rakabatanidzwa kune rakapesana rekubatanidza kune knuckle yekutungamirira.Iyo tie tsvimbo inotenderera ine rack inodzivirirwa kubva kune tsvina uye hunyoro nebhutsu yerabha.

Uyewo mukugadzirwa kwegadziriro yekufambisa kunogona kuva nechimwe chinhu - damper. Kunyanya, iyo yakaiswa pane akawanda maSUVs kunyorovesa vibrations pachidhiraivho. Iyo damper inoiswa pakati peiyo steering rack housing uye yekubatanidza.

Iyo giya yedhiraivha yakaiswa pamucheto wezasi wedhiraivha, kune yakatarisana iyo ine vhiri. Kusungirirwa kunodiwa kwegiyo kune rack kunopiwa nezvitubu.

Mechanical steering rack yekudzora inoda kwakakosha kushanda nesimba, saka haisati yashandiswa mune yayo yakachena fomu kwenguva yakareba. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, dambudziko rinogadziriswa nekushandiswa kweiyo inonzi planetary mechanism, iyo inokubvumira kuti uchinje chiyero chegiya chegiya rekutyaira.

Power steering inobatsira kuderedza zvakanyanya dhigirii rekuneta paunenge uchityaira. Iyi ndiyo yakavharwa-mhando ye hydraulic system, iyo inosanganisira tangi yekuwedzera, pombi ine motokari yemagetsi, block of hydraulic cylinders, distributor uye hoses. Iyo hydraulic cylinder inokwanisa kugadzira kudzvanywa mumativi ese maviri inogona kugadzirwa sechinhu chakasiyana, asi kazhinji inoiswa mune inotungamira rack imba.Kudonhedzwa kunodiwa kunodiwa mumasilinda kunogadzirwa ne-control spool iri mumutsara wekutungamirira uye inopindirana nekutenderera kweshaft. Iyo piston yehydraulic cylinder inosundira njanji munzira yakapihwa. Nokudaro, simba remuviri rinodiwa kushandura chidhiraivho rinoderedzwa.

Iyo hydraulic steering rack yakaiswa pane ruzhinji rwemota dzakagadzirwa nhasi.

Mumwe mubatsiri anoita kuti zvive nyore kumutyairi kudzora motokari ndeye electric power steering (EPS). Iyo ine yemagetsi mukati memoto injini, yemagetsi control unit (ECU), pamwe neinotungamira kona uye torque sensors.Basa renjanji riri pedyo rinotambwa pano nemagetsi mukati memoto injini, iyo inoshandiswa iyo inotungamirirwa neECU. Simba rinodiwa rinoverengerwa nedhipatimendi rekutonga rinobva pane data yakagamuchirwa kubva kune sensors.

Iyo inotungamira sisitimu ine EUR yakashandiswa zvishoma munguva pfupi yapfuura, asi zvatova pachena kuti ine tarisiro yakanaka. Iyo ine yakapfava uye yakawanda compact dhizaini. Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemvura uye pombi, zviri nyore kuchengetedza. Inokubvumira kuchengetedza mafuta, sezvo injini inopisa mukati inotenderera chete panguva yekutenderera kwevhiri, kusiyana neiyo inoshanda nguva dzose. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo EUR inoremedza zvakanyanya pane-bhodhi magetsi network uye saka inogumira musimba. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvisakwanise kuishandisa pane inorema SUVs uye marori.

Iyo yekutungamirira inowanzoshanda yakavimbika uye inogara kwenguva yakareba. Nekudaro, sezvimwe zvese chikamu chemota, rack yekumhanyisa uye zvikamu zvine hukama zvinoiswa pasi pekupfeka kwechisikigo uye kubvaruka. Nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare, kuputsika kunoitika mukutungamirira. Iyi nzira inokurumidzirwa nemaitiro akapinza ekutyaira, kushanda mumigwagwa yakaipa, pamwe chete nemamiriro asina kukodzera ekuchengetedza, semuenzaniso, muimba ine mvura kana mumhepo yakashama, umo mukana wekuora wakakwirira. Hupenyu hwesevhisi hunogonawo kuderedzwa nekutanga husina kunaka hwekuvaka kana kushandiswa kweakaremara zvikamu.

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kupa yambiro yekukurumidza yekuparara kunogona kuitika. Chii chinofanira kuva nehanya:

• shandura chidhiraivho nesimba guru;
• kana gumbo richitenderedzwa, ruzha runonzwika;
• mukufamba, kugogodza kana kurira kunonzwika munzvimbo ye-ekese yepamberi, kana uchityaira kuburikidza nemapundu, kudengenyeka kunonzwika pavhiri;
• kubuda kwemvura inoshanda, mitsetse yaro inogona kuoneka paasphalt mushure mekupaka;
• chidhiraivho chine yekutamba;
• kudhumha kwevhiri;
• bhutsu yakakanganiswa pa tie tsvimbo.

Kana paine kanenge imwe yezviratidzo zvakanyorwa, iwe unofanirwa kukurumidza kutanga kugadzirisa dhiraivha. Usamirire kusvika chidhiraivho chinodhura chapera. Kana iwe ukapindura nenguva, saka, zvichida, zvinhu zvose zvinodhura nekutsiva zvishoma zvishoma zvikamu zvakachipa kubva pachigadziro chekugadzirisa, izvo zvinowanzobatanidza kutakura, bushings, zvisimbiso zvemafuta, o-rings. Kugadzirisa kwakadaro kunowanikwa pakuzvitakura, asi gomba rekuona kana kusimudza kunodiwa.

Chidhiraivho chinonetsa kutenderedza

Mumamiriro akajairika, injini ichimhanya, vhiri rinotenderera nyore nyore nemunwe mumwe. Kana iwe uchifanira kushandisa kuedza kunooneka kuti uitenderedze, ipapo pane dambudziko nemagetsi ekufambisa kana pombi yekufambisa simba yakundikana. Fluid inogona kudonha uye mweya unogona kupinda muhydraulic system. Izvo zvinodiwawo kuongorora kutendeseka uye kushushikana kwebhandi repombi drive.

Mukuwedzera, "inorema" yekufambisa inogona kuva chikonzero chekushanda kusina kunaka kwe spool kana annular kupfeka mukati memugovera.

Annular kupfeka kunoitika semhedzisiro yekukweshana kweTeflon zvindori zve spool coil pakatarisana nemadziro emukati eimba yekugovera. Panguva imwe cheteyo, miforo zvishoma nezvishoma inoonekwa pamadziro. Pamusana pekusagadzikana kwezvindori kumadziro, kudzvinyirira kwemafuta muhurongwa kunodonha, izvo zvinotungamirira kune uremu hwegumbo. Zvinokwanisika kubvisa kuputsika nekuboora rusvingo rwemukati uye kudzvanya mune sleeve yebhuronzi yakakodzera zviyero zve spool mechanism.

Hazvibviri kudzivirira kupfekwa kwemhete, asi kana iwe ukatarisisa kuchena kwemvura, nguva nenguva uchichinja uye nekutsvaira iyo hydraulic system, unogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya hupenyu hwechikamu ichi. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti budiriro inofambiswa zvakanyanya nekuvapo kwesimbi machipisi, ayo anoonekwa mumafuta semugumisiro wekukweshana kwezvikamu zvinodyidzana.

Kunyatsoongorora uye kugadziriswa kwechidhiraivho chemagetsi kunoda disassembly yedhiraivha, saka kana paine fungidziro yekuparara kwemagetsi, iwe unofanirwa kubata sevhisi yemotokari. Uye zviri nani kutsvaga mhizha dzine ruzivo.

Gogodza

Paunenge uchityaira, kunyangwe pamugwagwa usina kunyanya kuputsika kana pane mamwe marudzi emumugwagwa (marara, cobblestone), uye kunyangwe kana uchiyambuka njanji, kugogodza kunonzwika zvakajeka pamberi pemota kuruboshwe, kurudyi kana pakati. . Muchiitiko ichi, kutamba kwevhiri uye kuzununguka pagumbo rinowanzoonekwa.

Chiratidzo chakadaro hachifaniri kumbofuratirwa. Uye hazvisi zvese zvekusagadzikana. Kana ikagogodza, zvinoreva kuti chinhu chakasununguka pane imwe nzvimbo, chasakara. Kuriregeredza kunotoita kuti zvinhu zvitonyanya kuipa uye zvingaguma zvaita kuti utadze zvachose. Nokudaro, munhu haafaniri kuzeza kuziva uye kubvisa kuparara kwakadaro.

Kugogodza kunogona kukonzerwa nekutyoka kwe rack bushings, tie rod bushings, kana steering shaft bushings. Hinge yakasununguka yetipi kana tsvimbo inogona kugogodza. Kutakura pasi pemugovera, iyo iyo shaft inotenderera inotenderera, inogonawo kuputsika. Kana iwe ukabvisa njanji zvachose, saka hazvizove zvakaoma kuziva chinhu chakakanganisika. Zvinhu zvakasakara zvinofanira kuchinjwa.

Chimwe chinogona kukonzera kugogodza igap pakati pehonye uye rack, iyo inoratidzika semugumisiro wekupfeka. Iwe unogona kuedza kuisimbisa, asi kana pane kupfeka kwakakomba, kugadzirisa hakuzopi mhedzisiro inodiwa, uye ipapo iwe unofanirwa kuitsiva.

Kugogodza uye kunamatira kwechidhiraivho kunogoneka zvakare nekuda kwedeformation yedhiraivha semhedzisiro yekukanganisa. Muchiitiko ichi, inofanira kuchinjwa.

Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti mamwe mashoko anogona kuita kugogodza kwakafanana, kunyanya,. Nokudaro, kana zvinhu zvose zvakarongeka nehurongwa hwekutungamirira, uye pane kugogodza, kuongorora.

Hum uye kurira

Iyo hum inobva papombi yekutungamirira simba, iyo iri pamakumbo ayo ekupedzisira uye inoda kutsiviwa. Kana kuti bhandi rinofambisa pombi rakasununguka. Mukuwedzera, iwe unofanirwa kuongorora kana paine mvura inoyerera. Ichi chiratidzo chinowanzoperekedzwa ne "heavy" steering.

Mune sisitimu ine reki yemagetsi, injini yekupisa yemukati yakasakara yeEUR inogona kurira.

Kana, paunenge uchitenderedza vhiri, iwe unonzwa rattle, saka ichi chiratidzo chekuora kwechidhiraivho shaft kana kutakura muparadzi. Kutakura munyaya iyi kunoda kuchinjwa, shaft yekutungamirira inogona kuve nejecha kana pane zvishoma. Kana ngura yakuvadza zvakanyanya muparadzi, ichafanirwa kutsiviwa.

Fluid inodonha nekukurumidza

Kana iwe uchigara uchiwedzera mvura kune reservoir ye hydraulic system, zvinoreva kuti pane inodonha pane imwe nzvimbo. Izvo zvinodiwa kuti uongorore kutendeseka kwemahosi, kuona uye kutsiva zvakasakara zvisimbiso uye zvisimbiso muchitima, pombi uye muparadzi. Kupfeka zvisimbiso zvemafuta uye O-mhete zvinowanzoitika nekuda kwekukwesha kwezvikamu zvinofamba uye mhedzisiro yekumanikidza uye kupisa. Maitiro ekupfeka kwavo anoonekwa nekukurumidza nekukasira pazvikamu zvenjanji, izvo zvinogona kuoneka semugumisiro wehunyoro hunopinda kuburikidza neanther yakabvaruka.

Chidhiraivho chinonamira

Kusashanda kwakadaro kunogona kukonzerwa nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana. Kuti uzvizive, kugadzirisa kwakadzama kwekutungamira mubasa remotokari kunodiwa. Zvinokwanisika kuti mamiriro acho asvika padanho rakaoma, saka kugadzirisa kunofanira kuitwa nokukurumidza sezvinobvira.

anther defect

Kuti uone mamiriro eanthers, iwe uchafanirwa kutarisa pasi pepasi pemotokari. Anther haisi nhando zvachose. Kunyangwe kutsemuka kudiki kunogona kutungamirira mukurasikirwa kwekuzora uye ingress yetsvina nemvura mu swivel. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mushure menguva yakati, zvichave zvakafanira kutsiva iyo yekusundira kana kunyange iyo yese yekumhanyisa rack, sezvo hunyoro hunogona kupinda mudzimba rerack uye hukonzeresa ngura dzemukati. Zviri nyore uye zvakachipa zvakanyanya kutsiva anther yakabvaruka nenguva.

Kusava nehanya nezviratidzo zvekuputsika kuchakurumidza kana kuti gare gare kutungamirira kuparara kwekupedzisira kwekutungamirira rack uye mari inokosha yemari. Mamiriro akanyanya kuipa ndeyekurovera kwevhiri. Kana izvi zvikaitika nekukurumidza, zvino yakazara nenjodzi ine mhedzisiro yakakomba.

Kuwedzera hupenyu hwechidhiraivho chinozobatsira kuchengetwa kwemimwe mitemo iri nyore:

• usasiye chidhiraivho munzvimbo yakanyanyisa kweanopfuura masekonzi mashanu;
• dzikama kana uchifanira kutyaira mumugwagwa wakashata kana kukurira mabumps, njanji uye zvimwe zvipingamupinyi;
• tarisa huwandu hwemvura inoshanda mudhiraivha yekutungamirira simba;
• munguva yechando, usati watanga kufamba, zvinyoro shandura chidhiraivho kumativi ose kaviri, izvi zvinobvumira mvura iri muchidhiraivho chesimba kuti ichidziye;
• gara uchitarisa mamiriro eanthers.