Chii chinonzi sedan, marudzi uye makirasi emuviri wakakurumbira wemotokari

Kana paine pfungwa yemhando yemotokari, saka inofanira kunge ine sedan-mhando yemuviri. Kurongeka kwakadaro kunoshamisa kwakapararira munyika iyo inoonekwa seyo mota zhinji pasi rose - United States, uye muno muRussia, uko ruzhinji rwemotokari rwuri kusimukira, kunyangwe nekukurumidza, asi munguva pfupi yapfuura.

Zvakavanzika zvekufarirwa kwakadaro, zvine chinangwa kwete iyo yakanyanya kubudirira uye inoshanda mhando yemuviri, inofanirwa kutariswa.

Sei mota ichinzi sedan

Zvinoenderana neshanduro dzakasiyana, izwi iri rine chiLatin kana chiFrench midzi. Muchiitiko chekutanga, kurongeka kwemuviri kune kutakura kwevatakuri kunorehwa, sezvo mudzi wezwi unoreva "gara", iro riri consonant kunyange muchiRussia.

Iri raive zita remutyairi wemutyairi pakukweva kwevanhu, uye vhezheni yechipiri inoreva shopu yezvitakura muguta reFrance reSedan.

Zita ratora midzi uye richiri kushandiswa munyika dzakawanda, kunyange zvazvo kune mamwe mazita, Sedan kana limousine. Hapana kubatana mutemu.

Misiyano pakati pe sedan nechiteshi ngoro, hatchback uye coupe

Chinhu chikuru chinowanikwa mumasedan ndiko kuvapo kweiyo yakatsanangurwa zvakajeka matatu-vhoriyamu muviri. Imba yekutanga yakachengeterwa simba remagetsi, yechipiri inoshanda seyemutakuri, uye yechitatu inoitirwa chete mukwende, unoparadzaniswa nevafambi nechikamu chisingapindike.

Iyo yakanyanya hunyanzvi hwema sedans ekutakura vafambi inosarudza iwo mabhenefiti makuru emitumbi yakadai:

• kupatsanurwa kwemutoro kubva kune vatasvi neine dense bulkhead kunowedzera kunyaradza kwavo, ruzha uye kunhuhwirira kubva muhunde hazvipindi mucabin;
• kudzikisira vhoriyamu yekabhini chete nekureruka kwekugara vafambi uye hapana chimwe chinokutendera kuti unyatso kugadzira mukati uye nekupa yakapihwa microclimate, kazhinji yakawanda-zone, zvakasiyana kune imwe neimwe;
• zviri nyore kugadzira chimiro chemuviri chakaomarara, chine mhedzisiro inobatsira pakubata;
• kuchengetedzeka kwevatyairi kunochengetedzwa nenzvimbo dzakakosha dzinotora simba mukamuri yeinjini uye trunk.

Iwe unogara uchifanirwa kubhadhara kunyaradzwa, saka pane zvakare zvipingamupinyi mune iyi hurongwa maererano nemamwe matumbi anozivikanwa:

• Hatchback ine zvimiro zviduku pane sedan, izvo zvakaita kuti mukurumbira wayo mumaguta;
• Wagon ine zviyero zvakafanana, inokwanisa kutakura zvakanyanya kutakura zvinhu nekuda kweiyo superstructure munzvimbo iyo vhoriyamu ye sedan inoganhurwa ne trunk lid iri pazasi pehwindo rekumashure;
• Coupe ine yakanakisa aerodynamic performance nekuda kweiyo yakawandisa marara kumashure kwehwindo, iyo inoswededza muviri pedyo neyakagadziridzwa chimiro;
• Miviri yose, kunze kweiyo sedan, vane zviratidzo zvakanakisisa maererano nekurema, dzimwe nguva zvachose, sehatchback, dzimwe nguva maererano nekubhadhara (station wagon), uye mukirasi yemitambo coupes - maererano nesimba kune uremu.

Sezvineiwo, ngoro yekutakura-uye-yevafambi inosiyaniswa neayo maviri-vhoriyamu uye kuvapo kweimwe mbiru dzemuviri dzine nhamba yakafanana yemagonhi eparutivi (panogona kunge paine maviri kana mana), hatchback ine kapfupi kumashure kwepamusoro, uye. vose vari vaviri vane musuo usinganzwisisike shure, dzimwe nguva unonzi trunk lid nekuenzanisa ne sedan , kunyange iyi iri gonhi rakazara rine glazing uye kunyange magetsi emagetsi.

Iyo coupe dzimwe nguva iri padyo muchimiro kune sedan, kunyanya iyo yemitambo, asi inogara ichisiyana padenga remuviri uye yekumashure hwindo, iro rakaremerwa kumashure, pamwe chete nehunde yakabuda zvishoma kana kusavapo kwayo.

Huwandu hwemagonhi eparutivi haugone kuve chiratidzo chinopedza; kune maviri-masuo sedans uye mana-masuo coupes. Panguva imwecheteyo, coupe zvemukati zvinowanzove zvakamanikana, hapana kunyaradzwa kune vafambi vekumashure.

Mhando dzema sedan nemhando yemuviri

Kupatsanurwa kwema sedans kuita ma subclass dzimwe nguva kune chirevo chakakosha, chinoratidzwa nekusimbisa miviri mumutsara weiyo modhi imwe chete, mota dzakazvimiririra dzine yavo yekushambadzira uye mutengo runyorwa, uye zvakangoita dzidziso, zvinonakidza chete kune nyanzvi dzemotokari uye vanhu vanofarira. ye.

Classic

Zvinoshamisa kuti sedan yemhando yepamusoro inogona kunge iri mota isina mavara akajeka matatu-vhoriyamu. Kuvepo kwenzvimbo yekutakura mikwende yega kumashure ine chivharo chayo yakakwana. Izvi zvinogona kurairwa nezvinodiwa zveaerodynamics kana fashoni.

Notchback

Iro izwi rinobva kuUnited States, uye, kutaura chaiko, rinogona kushandiswa kune yakasarudzika sedan.

Izvi zvinoreva kutsemuka kweprofile pakati pefafitera rakatenuka rekumashure uye rinenge rakachinjika trunk lid.

Kureva, notchback haigoni kuva maviri-vhoriyamu. Zvisinei, kune dzimwe nyika pfungwa yacho haina kudzika midzi, kunyange zvazvo ichizivikanwa.

Kukurumidza

Mudzi wekutanga wezwi iri unoburitsa hunhu hwayo, kutsanya kunoreva kukurumidza uye kumhanya. Saka chido che teardrop body.

Kazhinji, muenzaniso unopiwa wekare-kare, asi inokosha yemotokari yeSoviet Pobeda, iyo inogona kunzi sedan classic sedan, asi zvingava zvakanyatsorurama kuitumidza kuti fastback. Asi zvechokwadi Kukunda hakusi notchback, inova muenzaniso wakanaka wekusiyana kwekunzwisisa kwekirasi pakati peAmerica nenyika yese.

Hardtop

Muviri kubva pakukura kwemotokari huru uye yakanaka, inogona kutorwa semhando yekukurumidza, asi mutambo wayo wakasimbiswa nekusavapo kana kunyatsovanza maB-pillars. Izvi zvakagadzira mhepo ye silhouette uye kumhanyisa kwakawanda kwekutaridzika. Izvi zvaitsigirwa nemagonhi asina furemu.

Nezvikonzero zvekuchengetedza, izvi zvaisagona kugara kwenguva refu, uye hardtops zvakava zvishoma. Muviri unofanira kunyanya kuoma, uye magadzirirwo acho anogona kuitwa nedzimwe nzira, dzakadai sekupenda uye kupenda.

Long wheelbase sedan

Kune ese ari maviri angori marefu mavhezheni emota dzakajairwa, kazhinji aine maviri kana matatu mavhiribhesi (chinhambwe pakati pemaekisi), uye mota dzakagadzirwa zvakanyanya.

Nekudaro, ivo vanowanzo kupatsanurwa kuita matambara, ayo anopedzisirwa kubva kune akakura-mwero modhi nekuwedzera kuisa kumitumbi, uye mune limousine, iyo isingagare iine mapfupi-wheelbase anofananidzira.

Idzi mota dzese dzinoratidzwa nehombe kabhini vhoriyamu, iyo inopa yakasarudzika nyaradzo kune kumashure vafambi kana inogadzirisa mimwe mitsetse yezvigaro. Mune limousine, vanoisa chikamu kubva kumutyairi uye pamberi pemutyairi.

Masuo maviri

Kazhinji sedans ane magonhi maviri emativi anonzi coupes. Asi zvishoma nezvishoma, coupe yakaramba ichienderera mberi ichienda kure nepfungwa yemotokari yevafambi uye yakamira mukirasi yakasiyana. Saka, vamwe vavo chete ndeve sedans, pasina kunyepedzera kuna Gran Turismo kana mitambo.

Mota dzakadaro dzinenge dzisina kumbogadzirwa, sezvo coupes dzakarega kuva dzakachipa-masuo maviri ezvinyorwa zve sedans, asi, pane zvinopesana, zvakavakurira mumutengo uye mukurumbira, varasikirwa nekushanda. Naizvozvo, maviri-masuo sedans akanyangarika kubva makuru akatevedzana.

Liftback

Kana iyo sedan ine hwindo rekumashure rakasimba, uye chivharo chetrunk chakakwirira, nepo compartment pachayo ipfupi, saka muviri wakadaro unonzi liftback.

Dzimwe nguva hwindo rekumashure rinovhura, izvo zvinogadzira kuvhiringidzika pamusoro pemutsauko pakati pe sedan uye yakawedzera hatchback.

mana-gonhi coupe

Sezvatotaurwa, coupe inogona kuva nemagonhi mana emativi, asi zvisinei nedenga rakatsvedza kumashure uye rakatenuka reshure hwindo, kuvapo kweyakasiyana insulated mikwende compartment ine chivharo chakasiyana kunoita kuti zvikwanise kufungidzira muviri wakadaro kune sedans.

Mhando dze sedans nekirasi

Imwe neimwe tsika yemotokari ine kupatsanurwa kwayo kwemota dzevatakuri nehukuru uye chikamu chemusika. Kureba kwemuviri kunonyanya kushandiswa, iyo inonyanya kunzwisisika kana inoshandiswa kune sedans.

A-kirasi

Nekuda kwehupfupi hurefu hwese, husingapfuure 3,8 metres, hazvigoneke kuronga matatu-vhoriyamu muviri mukirasi ino, kunze kwekuti vamwe vagadziri vekumabvazuva vari kuedza kugadzira mhando dzakafanana kune mamwe misika.

Mune dzimwe nyika, michina iyi haitengeswi uye haizivikanwe nevatengi.

B -kirasi

Kuwedzera kwehurefu kusvika ku 4,4 mamita kunotobvumira kuvakwa kwe sedan. Kunyanya kune nyika umo nhoroondo iyi mhando yemuviri yakakurumbira. Muenzaniso chaiwo ndewemumba Lada Granta.

C-kirasi

Sedans akazara-akazara akareba anosvika 4,6 metres anopiwa nevazhinji vanogadzira.

Kunyangwe muchikamu chekutanga, pano unogona kuwana diki hatchback-yakavakirwa Mercedes mota, uye yakazvimirira modhi seVolkswagen Jetta.

D-kirasi

Iwo akajairika sedans pamutengo unokwanisika, haisati yave makirasi ebhizinesi, asi haisisiri nyore utility mota.

Somuenzaniso, BMW 3 akatevedzana kana Mercedes-Benz W205. Kirasi inoonekwa semhuri uye yepasirese, mota dzinogona kuve bhajeti kana premium.

E-kirasi

Bhizinesi kirasi maererano neEuropean classification inozivikanwa pasi rese. Kureba kunogona kusvika mamita mashanu, motokari dzakagadzikana uye dzisina kudhura.

Pano unogona kutosangana neLexus ES, Toyota Camry pedyo nayo, pamwe neE-class kubva kuMercedes uye BMW 5-series.

F-kirasi

Iyo yepamusoro yemhando, yepamusoro uye mota dzemhando yepamusoro. S-kirasi Mercedes, BMW 7, Porsche Panamera nezvimwe zvakadaro.

Kune michina yakadai, dzimwe nguva kunyange mhando dzakasiyana dzakagadzirwa zvakanyanya mukati mekunetsekana. Aya ndiwo maratidziro emutsetse, mota dzinodhura dzepamusoro kune vashoma.

Makirasi emota

Iwo anokurumidza sedans munyika

Kazhinji mota dzakadaro dzinogadzirwa nekuda kwemukurumbira, nekuti hapana angadzingirira zvakakomba.

Hazvina tsanga kuti panguva ino Tesla Model S P100D mota yemagetsi yave inokurumidza. 2,7 seconds kusvika kune zana zvakajeka hazvisi zvekunyaradza, izvo zvakakosha kune sedan.

Izvi zvakafanana zvinogona kutaurwa nezve mota ine yakajairika mukati combustion injini. Mercedes-AMG, Porsche Panamera Turbo, BMW M760 - kunyange pasina kutsanangura kuchinjwa, tinogona kutaura kuti hunhu indexes muzita zvinoreva simba uye mukurumbira.

Iwo anokurumidza Sedans Munyika

Uye mumijaho chaidzo, ma hatchbacks akachaja zvakanaka anohwina, kunyanya nemavhiri ese.