Chii chinonzi mafuta ekugadzira

Chakaita zvokugadzirwa mafuta iko kusanganiswa kwemafuta ekutanga anobva pane synthetics, pamwe nekuwedzera izvo zvinopa zvinobatsira zvinhu (kuwedzera kupfeka kusagadzikana, kuchena, kudzivirira ngura) Mafuta akadaro akakodzera kushanda mune zvemazuva ano injini dzinopisa mukati uye mumamiriro ekushanda zvakanyanya (yakaderera uye yakakwirira tembiricha, kumanikidza kwakanyanya, nezvimwewo).

Synthetic mafuta, kusiyana nemamineral oil, yakagadzirwa pahwaro hwekunangwa kwemakemikari synthesis. Mukuita kwekugadzirwa kwayo, mafuta asina kuchena, anove chinhu chakakosha, anonyungudutswa, obva agadziriswa kuita mamorekuru. mberi, zvichibva pazviri, mafuta ekutanga anowanikwa, kune izvo zvinowedzera zvinowedzerwa kuitira kuti chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chive nemhando dzakasiyana.

Zvinhu zvemafuta ekugadzira

Girafu yemafuta viscosity inopesana mileage

Chinhu chemafuta ekugadzira ndechekuti inochengetedza zvinhu zvayo kwenguva yakareba. Mushure mezvose, ivo vanoiswawo padanho remakemikari synthesis. Mukuita kwayo, mamorekuru "anotungamirwa" anogadzirwa, ayo anovapa.

Zvinhu zvemafuta ekugadzira zvinosanganisira:

• high thermal uye oxidative kugadzikana;
• yakakwira viscosity index;
• kushanda kwepamusoro pakupisa kwakadzika;
• yakaderera volatility;
• low coefficient of friction.

Izvi zvivakwa zvinotarisa zvakanakira izvo zvekugadzira mafuta zvine pamusoro pe semi-synthetics uye mineral oiri.

Zvakanakira Synthetic Motor Oiri

Zvichienderana nezvivakwa zviri pamusoro, isu tichaona zvakanakira synthetic mafuta anopa muridzi wemotokari.

Distinctive properties of synthetic oil	ehupfumi	zvakwakanakira
High viscosity index	Optimal oiri firimu ukobvu pane zvose zvakaderera uye yakakwirira tembiricha	Yakaderedzwa kupfeka kwemukati mejini injini, kunyanya pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya
Kuderera kwekushisa kwekushanda	Kuchengetedzwa kwemvura kana uchitanga injini yekupisa yemukati mumamiriro ekupisa kwakanyanya	Iyo inokurumidza kuyerera yeoiri kuenda kunzvimbo dzakakosha dzeinjini yekupisa kwemukati, ichideredza kupfeka pakutanga-kumusoro
Low volatility	Minimum oiri kushandiswa	Kuchengetedza pamafuta anozadzazve
Low coefficient of friction	More yunifomu synthetic oiri molecular chimiro, yakaderera yemukati coefficient of friction	Kuvandudza kushanda kweinjini yekupisa mukati, kuderedza kupisa kwemafuta
Enhanced thermal-oxidative properties	Kuderedza kuchembera kweoiri mukusangana nemamorekuru eokisijeni	Yakagadzikana viscosity-tembiricha maitiro, kushoma kuumbwa kwemadhipoziti uye soot.

Kuumbwa kwemafuta ekugadzira

Synthetic mota kana transmission oil ine zvikamu zvemakirasi akati wandei:

• mahydrocarbons (polyalphaolefins, alkylbenzenes);
• esters (reaction zvigadzirwa zve organic acids nedoro).

Musiyano pakati pemineral uye synthetic oiri mamorekuru

Zvichienderana nekuumbwa uye mamiriro ekugadzirisa kwemakemikari, mafuta anoparadzaniswa kuva anotevera marudzi - anokosha, hydrocarbon, polyorganosiloxane, polyalphaolefin, isoparafini, halogen-inotsiva, chlorine- uye fluorine-containing, polyalkylene glycol, nezvimwewo.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti vagadziri vakawanda govera mafuta avo tsananguro yezvakagadzirwa zvine mamiriro. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti kune dzimwe nyika kutengeswa kwemasynthetics hakuna mutero. Mukuwedzera, mafuta anowanikwa ne hydrocracking dzimwe nguva anonziwo seanogadzira. Mune dzimwe nyika, masanganiswa ane anosvika makumi matatu muzana ekuwedzera anoonekwa semafuta ekugadzira, mune mamwe - anosvika 30%. Vazhinji vagadziri vanongotenga maoiri epasi uye ekuwedzera kubva kune vanogadzira oiri vanogadzira. Nekuvasanganisa, vanowana zvinyorwa zvinotengeswa munyika zhinji dzepasi. saka, nhamba yemhando uye mafuta chaiwo ekugadzira ari kukura gore negore.

Viscosity uye kupatsanurwa kwemafuta ekugadzira

Viscosity - Uku ndiko kukwanisa kwemafuta kuramba ari pamusoro pezvikamu, uye panguva imwechete kuchengetedza fluidity. Iyo yakaderera viscosity yemafuta, iyo yakaonda firimu yemafuta. Inoratidzwa viscosity index, iyo inoratidzira zvisina kunanga chiyero chekuchena kweiyo base mafuta kubva kune tsvina. Synthetic mota oiri ine viscosity index kukosha muhuwandu hwe120 ... 150.

Kazhinji, maoiri ekugadzira mota anogadzirwa uchishandisa base stocks ane akanakisa yakaderera tembiricha zvinhu, uye yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dze viscosity mamakisi. Somuenzaniso, SAE 0W-40, 5W-40 uye kunyange 10W-60.

Kuti uratidze giredhi re viscosity, shandisa SAE chiyero - American Association of Mechanical Engineers. Ichi chikamu chinopa tembiricha yemhando iyo imwe mafuta inogona kushanda. Iyo SAE J300 yakajairwa inopatsanura mafuta mumhando gumi neimwe, ayo matanhatu ari echando uye mashanu ari zhizha.

Nzira yekusarudza viscosity yemafuta ejini

Maererano nechiyero ichi, kusarudzwa kunosanganisira nhamba mbiri uye tsamba W. Somuenzaniso, 5W-40. Nhamba yekutanga inoreva coefficient yeyakadzika tembiricha viscosity:

• 0W - inoshandiswa pakupisa kusvika -35 ° C;
• 5W - inoshandiswa pakupisa kusvika -30 ° C;
• 10W - inoshandiswa pakupisa kusvika -25 ° C;
• 15W - inoshandiswa pakupisa kusvika -20 ° C;

Nhamba yechipiri (mumuenzaniso 40) ndiyo viscosity apo injini inopisa mukati inopisa. Iyi inhamba inoratidza hushoma uye huwandu hweviscosity yemafuta pakupisa kwayo muhuwandu hwe + 100 ° С ... + 150 ° С. Iyo yakakwirira nhamba iyi, iyo yakakwirira viscosity yemotokari. Kuti uwane tsananguro yemamwe mazita pachigaba chemafuta ekugadzira, ona chinyorwa "Oil Marking".

Zvinokurudzira kusarudzwa kwemafuta maererano ne viscosity yavo:

• paunenge uchigadzira yemukati yekupisa injini sosi inosvika 25% (injini nyowani), unofanirwa kushandisa oiri nemakirasi 5W-30 kana 10W-30 mwaka wese;
• kana injini inopisa mukati yakashanda 25 ... 75% yezviwanikwa - 10W-40, 15W-40 muzhizha, 5W-30 kana 10W-30 muchando, SAE 5W-40 - nguva yose;
• kana injini inopisa yemukati yakashanda kupfuura 75% yezviwanikwa zvayo, saka unofanira kushandisa 15W-40 uye 20W-50 muzhizha, 5W-40 uye 10W-40 muchando, 5W-50 nguva yose.

Zvinokwanisika here kusanganisa synthetic, semi-synthetic uye mineral oiri

Isu tichakurumidza kupindura mubvunzo uyu - sanganisa chero mafuta, kunyange emhando imwechete, asi kubva kune vakasiyana vanogadzira zvakanyanya hazvikurudzirwe. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti kana kusanganiswa, kushandiswa kwemakemikari pakati pekuwedzera kwakasiyana kunogoneka, mhedzisiro yacho dzimwe nguva isingatarisirwi. Ndiko kuti, musanganiswa unoguma hauzosangana nezvimwe zvimiro kana zviyero. Saka, kusanganisa mafuta ndiko kwakanyanya yekupedzisira sarudzo kana pasina imwe sarudzo.

Tembiricha kuvimba viscosity

Kazhinji, kusanganisa mafuta kunoitika kana uchichinja kubva kune imwe mafuta kuenda kune imwe. Kana mune iyo kesi kana iwe uchida kumusoro kumusoro, asi mafuta anodiwa haasi pedyo. Zvakaipa zvakadii kusanganisa kweinjini yekupisa yemukati? Uye chii chaunofanira kuita mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro?

Mafuta chete kubva kumugadziri mumwe chete anovimbiswa kuti anoenderana. Mushure mezvose, tekinoroji yekuwana uye kuumbwa kwemakemikari ekuwedzera mune ino kesi ichave yakafanana. Naizvozvo, kana uchichinja oiri zvakare vashandi vakati wandei, iwe uchafanirwa kuzadza mafuta eiyo mhando. Zviri nani kutsiva, semuenzaniso, mafuta ekugadzira nemafuta emamineral kubva kune mumwe mugadziri pane kune imwe "synthetic" kubva kune mumwe mugadziri. Zvisinei, zviri nani kukurumidza kubvisa musanganiswa unoguma mukati mejini inopisa mukati nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. Kana uchichinja mafuta, inenge 5-10% yehuwandu hwayo inoramba iri mukati mejini inopisa. Naizvozvo, mashoma anotevera kutenderera, kuchinja kwemafuta kunofanirwa kuitwa kakawanda kupfuura zvinowanzoitika.

Mune zviitiko zvipi zvinodikanwa kutsvaira injini yekupisa yemukati:

• kana kuchinjwa kwechiratidzo kana mugadziri wemafuta;
• kana pane kuchinja kwemaitiro emafuta (viscosity, rudzi);
• kana paine fungidziro yekuti imwe yemvura yekunze yakapinda mukati meinjini yekupisa - antifreeze, mafuta;
• pane fungidziro yekuti mafuta anoshandiswa ndeemhando yakashata;
• mushure mekugadzirisa chero kupi zvako, apo musoro wehumburumbira wakavhurwa;
• muchiitiko chekusahadzika kuti iyo yekupedzisira shanduko yemafuta yakaitwa kare.

Ongororo yemafuta ekugadzira

Isu tinounza kwauri chiyero chemhando dzemafuta ekugadzira, anounganidzwa zvichibva pamhinduro dzevatyairi uye pfungwa dzenyanzvi dzinoremekedzwa. Zvichienderana neruzivo urwu, unogona kuita sarudzo yekuti ndeipi mafuta ekugadzira akanakisa.

TOP 5 akanakisa ekugadzira mafuta:

Motul Yakananga DEXOS2 5w30. Synthetic oiri yakatenderwa neGeneral Motors. Inosiyana nehupamhi hwepamusoro, kushanda kwakadzikama mumamiriro ekushisa kwepamusoro uye kuderera. Inoshanda nemhando ipi neipi yemafuta.

Zvakanaka mhinduro	Mashoko asina kunaka
Additives anoshanda nguva yose yekutonga. Kutsiva kukuru kweGM mafuta.	Ndanga ndichidira GM DEXOC 2 mafuta, kwemakore manomwe zvino uye zvese zvakanaka, uye matul yako, akasimudzirwa paInternet, semunhu mumwe akanaka akati shit.
Zvirinani chaizvo kupfuura GM Dexos2, injini yekupisa yemukati yanyarara uye kushandiswa kwepeturu kwadzikira. Hongu, hapasisina kunhuwa kwekupisa, kana zvisina kudaro, mushure me2 tkm, GM yekuzvarwa yainhuwa seimwe rudzi rwepalenka ...
Maonero akajairika akanaka, kuita kweinjini uye kuderedzwa kwemafuta uye kuraswa kwemafuta kunonyanya kufadza.

SHELL Helix HX8 5W/30. Oiri inogadzirwa zvinoenderana neyakasiyana tekinoroji iyo inokutendera iwe kushingaira kuchenesa mukati mejini injini zvikamu kubva mukuunganidzwa kwetsvina uye kuumbwa kwesediment pane yayo node. Nekuda kweiyo yakaderera viscosity, hupfumi hwemafuta hunovimbiswa, pamwe nekuchengetedzwa kweinjini yekupisa yemukati pakati pekuchinja kwemafuta.

Zvakanaka mhinduro	Mashoko asina kunaka
Ndave nemakore matanhatu ndichimhanya nazvo pasina dambudziko. Ndakavhura injini yekupisa yemukati saka ine mafuta varnish mune shoma shoma pamadziro einjini yekupisa yemukati. Munguva yechando, paminus 6-30, yakatanga pasina matambudziko	Zvigadzirwa zvemanyepo zvakawanda.
Yakanakisa kufukidzwa kwemafuta firimu remukati mejini injini zvikamu. Good tembiricha range. +++ chete	Pakarepo, chandisina kufarira yaive HUGE muripo wekurasa. kutyaira 90% mumugwagwa mukuru. Uye hongu, mutengo wakashata. Pakati pezvibatsiro - kutanga nechivimbo mukutonhora.
Mafuta akaita zvakanaka chaizvo. Zvese zvivakwa zvakanyorwa papakeji ndezvechokwadi. Inogona kuchinjwa makiromita e10000 ega ega.	Mutengo wacho wakakwirira, asi zvakakosha

Lukoil Lux 5W-40 SN/CF. Oiri inogadzirwa munharaunda yeRussian Federation. Yakatenderwa nevanogadzira mota dzinozivikanwa sePorsche, Renault, BMW, Volkswagen. Oiri ndeyemhando yepamusoro, saka inogona kushandiswa mune yazvino peturu uye dizeli turbocharged ICEs. inowanzoshandiswa kumota, mavan uye marori madiki. zvakare yakakodzera kune yakasimudzwa ICE mota dzemitambo.

Zvakanaka mhinduro	Mashoko asina kunaka
Ndine 1997 Toyota camry 3 litre, uye ndanga ndichidira iyi Lukoil Lux 5w-40 mafuta kwemakore mashanu. Munguva yechando, inotanga kubva kure kure kune chero chando nehafu yekutendeuka	Inokora nguva isati yakwana, inosimudzira dhipoziti
Ndinofanira kutaura pakarepo kuti mafuta akanaka, mutengo unoenderana nehutano! Mumabasa emotokari, hongu, vanoedza kutengesa kudhura, mafuta eEurope, nezvimwewo. Iyo inodhura zvakanyanya, iyo inowedzera njodzi yekutora lining, ichi ichokwadi, zvinosuruvarisa.	Kukurumidza kurasikirwa kwezvivakwa.kudzivirirwa kwakaderera kweinjini yekupisa kwemukati
Ndave ndichiishandisa kwemakore akawanda, pasina zvichemo. Shandura kumwe kwese kwe8 - 000 makiromita. Chinonyanya kufadza ndechekuti kana uchitora pazviteshi zvepeturu zvinenge zvisingaite kuti uwane fake.	Ugar yakatanga kuoneka mushure me2000 km yekumhanya pairi. Iine mafuta akanaka kwazvo!

YOSE QUARTZ 9000 5W 40. Multigrade synthetic mafuta epeturu uye dizeli injini. zvakare inokodzera turbocharged injini, mota dzine catalytic converters uye kushandisa leaded peturu kana LPG.

Zvakanaka mhinduro	Mashoko asina kunaka
Oiri yakanaka chaizvo, Total inochengeta mhando yakakwira. Iine mvumo kubva kune vanotungamira vagadziri vekuEurope: Volkswagen AG, Mercedes-Benz, BMW, PSA Peugeot Citroën.	Kutyaira bvunzo - Yese Quartz 9000 Synthetic oiri haina kutifadza nemhedzisiro yayo.
Ndakaityaira 177'000, usambondigumbura	Mafuta haana maturo, ini pachangu ndakaita chokwadi, ndakaadira mumotokari mbiri, ndakateererawo rairo muAudi 80 neNissan Almera, pakumhanya kwakanyanya mafuta aya haana kana viscosity, injini dzese dzakaputika, ndikatora mafuta mukati. zvitoro zvakasiyana zvakasiyana, saka kuendesa kwakashata kunobviswa !!! Ini handikurudzire chero munhu kuti adururire zvisina maturo izvi!
Mukuwedzera kune mafuta aya, handina kudurura chero chinhu uye handisi kuzodurura! kunaka kwakanaka kubva pakutsiva kuenda kunotsiviwa, kwete kudonhedza, muchando inotanga nehafu yekutendeuka, yakakodzera kune ese peturu uye dhiziri mota! Mukuona kwangu, vashoma chete ndivo vanogona kukwikwidza nemafuta aya!	Iko hakuna chokwadi chekuti handisi kutenga fake - iri idambudziko rekutanga.

Castrol Edge 5W 30. Synthetic demi-mwaka mafuta, anogona kushandiswa mune ese peturu uye dizeli injini. nekuti ine makirasi emhando anotevera: A3/B3, A3/B4, ACEA C3. Mugadziri anovimbisawo kudzivirira kuri nani kuburikidza nekuvandudzwa kwefirimu remafuta rakasimbiswa rinoumba pazvikamu. Inopa nguva yakawedzerwa yekudonha kweanopfuura 10 km.

Zvakanaka mhinduro	Mashoko asina kunaka
Ndanga ndichityaira Castrol 5w-30 kwemakore maviri ikozvino, mafuta akanaka kwazvo mushure mezviuru gumi neshanu, ruvara rwakanga rusingachinji, kunyangwe mota ichimhanya mukati, handina kuwedzera chero chinhu, chakakwana kubva pakutsiva kuenda kutsiva.	Ndakachinja mota ndave kutofunga kudira mumotikari mutsva, ndakatyaira ndichibva ndaenda kunotsiva ndichibva ndashamisika, mafuta akanga ari matema aitonhuwa kutsva.
Kana ichienzaniswa neiyo Ford fomu yave ichishandiswa kweanopfuura makore matatu, oiri ine mvura yakawanda. Injini yekupisa mukati inonyarara. Thrust yakadzoka uye ruzha rweinjini dzinopisa dzemukati hunhu hwe ff3. Yakasarudzwa neVIN	Vakaidururira muVW Polo, sezvakakurudzirwa nemugadziri wacho. Oiri inodhura, inosiya kabhoni deposits mukati meinjini yekupisa. motokari ine ruzha zvikuru. Handinzwisise kuti sei ichidhura zvakadaro

Nzira yekusiyanisa mafuta ekugadzira

Kunyangwe iyo viscosity yemaminerari, semi-synthetic uye synthetic oiri inogona kunge yakafanana pane imwe tembiricha, kuita kwe "synthetics" kunogara kuri nani. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kukwanisa kusiyanisa mafuta nemhando yavo.

Paunenge uchitenga mafuta ekugadzira, iwe unofanirwa kutanga wateerera kune ruzivo rwakaratidzwa pane canister. Saka, maoiri ekugadzira-akavakirwa anosarudzwa nemazwi mana:

• Synthetically Yakasimbiswa. Mafuta akadaro anogadzirwa zvakasimba uye ane tsvina yezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira kusvika ku30%.
• Synthetic Yakavakirwa, Synthetic Technology. Zvakafanana neyakapfuura, zvisinei, huwandu hwezvikamu zvekugadzira pano ndeye 50%.
• Semi Synthetic. Kuwanda kwezvikamu zvekugadzira zvinopfuura 50%.
• Yakagadzirwa Zvakakwana. Iine 100% synthetic mafuta.

Mukuwedzera, kune nzira dzaunogona kutarisa mafuta iwe pachako:

• Kana iwe ukasanganisa mineral oil uye "synthetics", musanganiswa unozoputika. Nekudaro, iwe unofanirwa kunyatsoziva rudzi rwemafuta echipiri ndeapi.
• Mineral oiri inogara yakakora uye yakasviba kupfuura yekugadzira mafuta. Iwe unogona kukanda bhora resimbi mumafuta. Mune mineral, inonyura zvishoma nezvishoma.
• Mineral oil yakapfava pakubata kupfuura mafuta ekugadzira.

Sezvo mafuta ekugadzira ane hunhu hwakanakisa, zvinosuwisa, nhamba huru yezvigadzirwa zvemanyepo zvinogona kuwanikwa pamusika, nekuti vanorwisa vari kuyedza kuita mari pakugadzira kwayo. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kukwanisa kusiyanisa mafuta ekutanga kubva kune fake.

Nzira yekusiyanisa fake

Nzira yekusiyanisa mafuta ekutanga einjini kubva kune fake. (shell helix Ultra, Castrol Magnatec)

Pane nzira dzinoverengeka dziri nyore dzekukubatsira kusiyanisa chigaba kana bhodhoro remafuta einjini yekunyepedzera kubva kune yekutanga:

• Nyatsoongorora chivharo uye kunaka kwekuvhara. Vamwe vagadziri vanoisa chisimbiso antennae pachivharo (semuenzaniso, SHELL Helix). zvakare, vanorwisa vanogona kungonamira zvishoma chivharo kuitira kumutsa kufungidzira kwekuvharika kwepakutanga.
• Teerera kune kunaka kwechivharo uye kanister (chirongo). Havafanirwe kunge vaine scuffs. Mushure mezvose, iyo inonyanya kufarirwa nzira yekurongedza zvigadzirwa zvemanyepo iri mumidziyo inotengwa pazviteshi zvebasa. Zvakanaka, kuitira kuti iwe uzive kuti chivharo chepakutanga chinotaridzika sei (iyo inonyanya kufarirwa mhando yemafuta inonyepedzera ndeyeCastrol). Kana pane kunyumwira kudiki, tarisa muviri wese wegaba uye, kana zvichidikanwa, ramba kutenga.
• Iyo yekutanga label inofanirwa kunamirwa zvakaenzana uye tarisa mutsva uye mutsva. Tarisa kuti yakanyatsonamirwa sei kumuviri wegaba.
• Pane chero chigadziko chekurongedza (mabhodhoro, mabhodhoro, simbi magaba) inofanira kuratidzwa fekitori batch nhamba uye zuva rekugadzirwa (kana zuva kusvika iro mafuta anoshandiswa).

Edza kutenga mafuta kubva kune vatengesi vanovimbwa uye vamiririri vepamutemo. Usazvitenge kuvanhu kana zvitoro zvinofungirwa. Izvi zvinokuchengetedza iwe nemotokari yako kubva kumatambudziko anogona kuitika.