Chii chinonzi smart mota mwenje system uye nei ichidikanwa?

Zvaiita kunge zvaigona kuve nyore pane girobhu mwenje mumotokari. Asi kutaura zvazviri, optics yemotokari ine chimiro chakaomarara, iko kuchengetedzwa munzira kunotsamira. Kunyangwe mwenje wenguva dzose mumotokari unoda kunyatsogadziriswa. Zvikasadaro, mwenje ungangoparadzira chinhambwe chidiki kubva pamotokari, kana kunyange iyo yepasi-danda modhi inopofumadza vatyairi veinotevera traffic.

Nekuuya kwenzvimbo dzemazuva ano dzekuchengetedza, kunyangwe mwenje kwave neshanduko dzakakosha. Funga nezve tekinoroji yepamberi inonzi "smart light": ndeipi chimiro chayo uye zvakanakira Optics yakadaro.

Ainoita

Iko kukanganisa kukuru kwechiedza chero chipi zvacho mumotokari kupofumadza kwevatyairi vemigwagwa vanouya kana mutyairi akakanganwa kuchinjira kune imwe nzira. Kutyaira munzvimbo ine makomo uye ichitenderera zvine njodzi zvakanyanya husiku. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, iri kuuya mota inozowira mumuti unobva pamwenje wemotokari dzinouya.

Mainjiniya kubva kumakambani anotungamira emota ari kunetsekana nedambudziko iri. Basa ravo rakapfekedzwa korona yekubudirira, uye kuvandudzwa kwechiedza chakangwara kwakaonekwa mune auto nyika. Iyo yemagetsi system inokwanisa kushandura kusimba uye kutungamira kwechiyedza chemwenje kuitira kuti mutyairi wemotokari aone mugwagwa zvakanaka, asi panguva imwe chete isinga pofomadze vanoshandisa nzira.

Nhasi, pane zviitiko zvinoverengeka zvine misiyano midiki, asi musimboti wekushanda unoramba usingachinji. Asi tisati tarisa kuti chirongwa ichi chinoshanda sei, ngatiitei rwendo rudiki munhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwechiedza chemoto:

• 1898 g Yekutanga mota yemagetsi yeColumbia yaive nemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi, asi budiriro haina kubata nekuti mwenje waive nehupenyu hupfupi. Kakawanda, marambi akajairwa aishandiswa, ayo aingobvumidza kuratidza kukura kwekutakura.
• Ma1900. Pamotokari dzekutanga, mwenje waive wechinyakare, uye waigona kunyangarika nemhepo shoma. Pakutanga kwezana ramakumi maviri, acetylene vamwe vakauya kuzotsiva zvakajairika makenduru mumarambi. Vakapihwa simba neacetylene mutangi. Kuvhura mwenje, mutyairi akavhura vharuvhu yekumisikidza, akamirira kuti gasi riyerere nepombi dzichipinda mumwenje, ndokuzoisa moto. Optics akadaro aida kugara achichinjazve.
• 1912 g Panzvimbo pekabhoni, tungsten filaments yaishandiswa mumagetsi emagetsi, ayo akawedzera kugadzikana kwayo uye akawedzera hupenyu hwayo hwekushanda. Mota yekutanga kugamuchira iyi yekuvandudza ndeye Cadillac. Shure kwaizvozvo, budiriro iyi yakawana mashandisiro ayo mune mamwe mamodheru anozivikanwa.
• Iwo ekutanga anotenderera marambi. MuWillys-Knight 70A Yekushanya auto modhi, mwenje wepakati wakayananiswa nemavhiri anotenderera, nekuda kwekuti akachinja mafambiro edanda zvichienderana nekuti mutyairi aizoenda kupi. Chaingodzokorodza ndechekuti girobhu racho remwenje risingadzimiki rakazoita shoma kuita dhizaini yakadaro. Kuti uwedzere huwandu hwechigadzirwa, zvaidikanwa kuwedzera kupenya kwayo, ndosaka tambo yakakurumidza kutsva. Kukura kwekutenderera kwakadzika midzi chete pakupera kwema60s. Yekutanga mota yekugadzira yekugamuchira inoshanda danda-inoshandura system ndiyo Citroen DS.
• Ma1920. Kubudirira kunozivikanwa nevatyairi vazhinji kunoonekwa - girobhu rekuyera rine micheka miviri. Imwe yacho inogoneswa kana danda rakadzika ririmo, uye rimwe racho riine danda repamusoro.
• Pakati pezana ramakore rapfuura. Kugadzirisa dambudziko nekupenya, vagadziri vemwenje yemotokari vakadzokera kune iyo pfungwa yegasi kupenya. Izvo zvakatemwa kupomba halogen muhombodo yeyakajeka mwenje girobhu - gasi iro iro tungsten filament yakadzoreredzwa panguva yekupenya kwakajeka. Kupenya kwakanyanya kwechigadzirwa kwakawanikwa nekutsiva gasi ne xenon, iyo yaibvumidza iyo filament kuti ipenye kusvika panonyungudika zvinhu zve tungsten.
• 1958 g Chirevo chakabuda mumatanho eEuropean chinoda kushandiswa kweanotarisisa maficha anogadzira asymmetric light beam - kuitira kuti kuruboshwe kumarambi kupenye pazasi kurudyi uye kusapofomadza vanouya vatyairi. MuAmerica, chinhu ichi hachina kutariswa, asi ivo vanoramba vachishandisa auto-mwenje, iyo yakapararira zvakaenzana pamusoro penzvimbo yakavhenekerwa.
• Kugadziridza kwekuvandudza. Nekushandisa xenon, mainjiniya vakawana kumwe kusimudzira kwakavandudza kunaka kwechiedza uye hupenyu hwekushanda hwechigadzirwa. Rambi rinoburitsa gasi rakaonekwa. Hakuna filament mairi. Panzvimbo pechinhu ichi, pane maelektroni maviri, pakati payo panogadzirwa arc yemagetsi. Iyo gasi iri mune girobhu inowedzera kupenya. Kunyangwe paine kuwedzera kwakapetwa kaviri-mukati mukubudirira, marambi akadaro aive neakakosha kudzikira: kuve nechokwadi chemhando yepamusoro arc, inovhenekerwa voltage inodiwa, iyo ingango fananei neyazvino mukubatidza. Kuchengetedza bhatiri kubva mukuregedza mune maminetsi, akakosha kuvesa ma module akawedzerwa kune chigadzirwa chemota.
• 1991 g Iyo BMW 7-Series yakashandisa xenon mababu, asi zvakajairika halogen shamwari dzakashandiswa senge chikuru danda.
• Bixenon. Uku kukura kwakatanga kupedzwa nemota dzemhando yepamusoro makore mashoma mushure mekuunzwa kwe xenon. Musimboti wepfungwa iyi kwaive kuve nerimwe girobhu mwenje mune mwenje unokwanisa kushandura yakaderera / yakakwira danda modhi. Mumotokari, shanduko yakadaro inogona kuwanikwa nenzira mbiri. Kutanga, pamberi pechiedza pakaiswa keteni yakakosha, iyo, kana ichichinjira kune danda rakadzika, yaifamba kuitira kuti ifukidze chikamu chedanda kuitira kuti vanouya vatyairi vasapofomadzwa. Yechipiri - rotary mashandiro akaisirwa mumwenje, izvo zvakafambisa mwenje wegirobhu kuenda kunzvimbo inokodzera inoenderana neanoratidzira, nekuda kwekuti iro danda trajectory rakachinja.

Iyo yazvino smart light system inovavarira kuwana muyero pakati pekuvhenekera mugwagwa wemutyairi uye kudzivirira kupenya kwevanouya vevatori vechimotokari, pamwe nevanofamba netsoka. Mimwe mamodheru emota ane mwenje yekuyambira yevanofamba netsoka, ayo akabatanidzwa muhurongwa hwekuona husiku (unogona kuverenga nezvazvo pano).

Otomatiki mwenje mune dzimwe dzemazuva ano mota dzinoshanda nenzira shanu, dzinokonzereswa zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze nemamiriro emigwagwa. Nekudaro, imwe yema modes inokonzereswa kana iyo yekumhanyisa kumhanya isingapfuure 90 km / h, uye mugwagwa unotenderera nemhando dzakasiyana dzekuburuka nekukwira. Pasi pemamiriro aya, danda remwenje rakareba nemamita gumi uye zvakare rakawedzera kuwanda. Izvi zvinobvumira mutyairi kuti aone njodzi munguva kana banda risinganyatso kuoneka muchiedza chakajairika.

Kana mota ikatanga kutyaira nekumhanyisa inopfuura 90 km / h, iyo track mode inoitwa ine maviri marongero. Padanho rekutanga, xenon inopisa zvakanyanya, iro simba rechiedza rinowedzera kusvika ku38 W. Kana chikumbaridzo chemakiromita 110 / awa chasvika, kumiswa kwechiedza chechiedza kunochinja - danda rinova rakafara. Iyi nzira inogona kubvumira mutyairi kuti aone mugwagwa 120 metres kumberi kwemotokari. Inofananidzwa nechiedza chakajairwa, iyi 50 metres kure.

Kana mamiriro emumigwagwa achinja uye mota iri munzvimbo ine fog, mwenje wakajeka unogadzirisa mwenje zvinoenderana nezvimwe zvinoitwa nemutyairi. Nekudaro, iyo modhi inoshandiswa kana mota ichimhanya ichidonha kusvika ku70 km / h, uye mutyairi achivhenekera mwenje wemberi yemhute. Mune ino kesi, reruboshwe xenon mwenje inoshanduka zvishoma ichienda kunze nekurerekera kuitira kuti mwenje unopenya ubaye kumberi kwemotokari, kuti kanivhasi inyatsooneka. Aya marongero anozodzima nekukurumidza kana mota ichimhanyisa kumhanya pamusoro pe100 km / h.

Sarudzo inotevera kutungidza mwenje. Inoitwa yakaderera kumhanya (anosvika makiromita makumi mana paawa apo mudhiraivho unotenderedzwa pakona hombe) kana panguva yekumira neyakavhenekwa chiratidzo. Muchiitiko ichi, chirongwa chinobatidza mwenje wehutsi padivi panotendeuka. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti utarise divi remugwagwa.

Dzimwe mota dzakashongedzwa neiyo Hella smart light system. Kubudirira kunoshanda zvichitevedza chirevo chinotevera. Iyo yemwenje ine magetsi dhiraivha uye xenon girobhu racho. Kana mutyairi achinja danda repasi / rakakwirira, iro lens riri padyo negirobhu rinofamba kuitira kuti danda rishandure kwariri.

Mune kumwe kunatsurudzwa, panzvimbo yekuchinja lens, pane chishongo chine zviso zvinoverengeka. Kana uchichinjira kune kumwe kupenya modhi, chinhu ichi chinotenderera, chichiisa chinowirirana kumeso kune girobhu. Kugadzira iyo modhi yakakodzera mhando dzakasiyana dzetraffic, iyo prism inogadziridza kuruboshwe- uye kurudyi-ruoko traffic.

Iyo yakajeka mwenje kuisirwa hazvo ine inodzora unit kune iyo inodiwa sensors yakabatana, semuenzaniso, kumhanya, mudhiraivho, inouya mwenje inobata, nezvimwe. Zvichienderana nezviratidzo zvakagamuchirwa, chirongwa ichi chinogadzirisa mwenje kumwenje yaunoda. Zvimwe zvinogadziridzwa zvinogadziridzwa kunyangwe sync neyavigator yemota, saka chishandiso chinokwanisa kufanofungidzira pamberi apo kuti ndeipi modhi ichada kumisikidzwa.

Auto akatungamirira optics

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mwenje dze LED dzave dzakakurumbira. Izvo zvinogadzirwa muchimiro che semiconductor inopenya kana magetsi achipfuura napo. Kubatsira kweiyi tekinoroji ndiko kumhanya kwemhinduro. Mumarambi akadaro, haufanire kupisa gasi, uye mashandisiro emagetsi akaderera zvakanyanya kupfuura eva xenon. Izvo chete zvinokanganisa maLED ndiko kwavo kwakapenya kupenya. Kuti uwedzere, kupisa kwakanyanya kwechigadzirwa hakugone kudzivirirwa, izvo zvinoda imwe yekutonhora system.

Zvinoenderana neinjiniya, kusimudzira uku kuchatsiva xenon mababu nekuda kwekumhanya kwemhinduro. Iyi tekinoroji ine akati wandei mabhenefiti achienzaniswa neyechinyakare mota mwenje zvishandiso:

1. Iwo madhiraivhu akakurisa, achibvumidza vagadziri vemotokari kuti vagadzire mazano emangwana mune kwavo mhando.
2. Ivo vanoshanda nekukurumidza zvakanyanya kupfuura halogen uye xenons.
3. Izvo zvinokwanisika kugadzira akawanda-echikamu marambi, imwe neimwe sero ichave inoitisa yayo yega maitiro, izvo zvinorerutsa zvakanyanya dhizaini yesystem uye inoita kuti ive yakachipa.
4. Hupenyu hwema LED hwakatodzana neiyo mota yese.
5. Midziyo yakadaro haidi simba rakawanda kuti ipenye.

Chinhu chakaparadzaniswa ndiko kugona kushandisa maLED kuitira kuti mutyairi anyatsoona mugwagwa, asi panguva imwechete haifadzi nzira dzinouya. Kune izvi, vagadziri vanoshongedza iyo system nezvinhu zvekugadzirisa iyo inouya mwenje, pamwe nenzvimbo yemotokari pamberi. Nekuda kwekumhanya kwakanyanya kwemhinduro, modes dzinoshandurwa muzvikamu zvechipiri, izvo zvinodzivirira mamiriro ekukurumidzira.

Pakati pe LED smart optics, pane zvinotevera shanduko:

• Standard headlamp, iyo inove neinosvika makumi maviri yakatarwa maLED. Kana iyo inowirirana modhi yakavhurwa (mune iyi vhezheni, ichi chinowanzo kuve chiri padyo kana kure kupenya), rinoenderana boka rezvinhu rinoshandiswa.
• Matrix mwenje. Chishandiso chayo chinosanganisira zvakapetwa kaviri zvinhu zveLED. Ivo zvakare vakapatsanurwa mumapoka, zvisinei, zvemagetsi mune ino dhizaini vanokwanisa kudzima zvimwe zvakamira zvikamu. Nekuda kweizvi, danda rakakwira rinoramba richipenya, asi nzvimbo iri munzvimbo yemotokari iri kuuya yakasviba.
• Pixel musoro. Iyo inotova neakawandisa e100 zvinhu, ayo akapatsanurwa kuita zvikamu kwete kwete zvakamira chete, asi zvakare yakatwasuka, iyo inowedzera kuwanda kwenzvimbo dzechiedza.
• Pixel yemwenje ine laser-phosphor chikamu, icho chinoitwa mune yakakwira danda modhi. Ndichiri kutyaira mumugwagwa mukuru uchimhanya kupfuura makiromita makumi masere / awa, zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinobatidza lasers zvinorova chinhambwe chinosvika mazana mashanu emamiriyoni. Mukuwedzera kune izvi zvinhu, iyo sisitimu yakagadzirirwa ne backlight sensor. Kana danda diki diki kubva pamotokari iri kuuya parinorova, danda rakakwirira rinoremerwa.
• Laser yemwenje. Ichi ndicho chizvarwa chazvino chemotokari mwenje. Kusiyana neayo mwenje weiyo LED, chishandiso chinogadzira 70 lumens simba rakawanda, idiki, asi panguva imwechete inodhura kwazvo, iyo isingatenderi kushandisa kuvandudzwa kwemota dzemabhajeti, ayo anowanzo pofomadza vamwe vatyairi.

Mazano makuru

Kuti usarudze yekutenga mota yakashongedzerwa neiyi tekinoroji, unofanirwa kuteerera kune zvakanakira kugadzirisa otomatiki kune mamiriro ari munzira:

• Icho chaicho pfungwa yekuti mwenje wainangidzirwa kwete kwete chete kure uye pamberi pemotokari, asi iine nzira dzakasiyana siyana, yatove mubatanidzwa mukuru. Mutyairi anogona kukanganwa kudzima danda rakakwirira, iro rinogona kukanganisa muridzi wemotokari dzinouya.
• Chiedza chakangwara chinobvumira mutyairi kuti ave nekuona kwakanaka kwenzvimbo uye nzira paanenge pakona.
• Mamiriro ezvinhu ega ega mumugwagwa angangoda hutongi hwayo. Semuenzaniso, kana mwenje yemwenje isina kugadziriswa pane irikuuya traffic, uye kunyangwe danda rakadzikwa riri kupenya, chirongwa ichi chinogona kubatidza iyo yepamusoro-danda modhi, asi nekudzikira kwechikamu icho chine basa rekuvhenekesa kuruboshwe kwemugwagwa. . Izvi zvinobatsira mukuchengetedzeka kwevanofamba netsoka, nekuti kazhinji mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kurovera kunoitwa pamunhu achifamba padivi pemugwagwa akapfeka zvipfeko zvisina zvinhu zvinoonekera.
• Iwo ekumashure maOptics LED anonyanya kuoneka pazuva rine zuva, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kudzora kumhanya kwemota dzinotevera kumashure kana mabhureki emota.
• Chiedza chakangwara chinoitawo kuti zvive zvakachengeteka kutyaira mumamiriro ekunze asina kunaka.

Kana makore mashoma apfuura tekinoroji iyi yakaiswa mumhando dzemafungiro, nhasi yatove kushandiswa nevazhinji vagadziri vemotokari. Muenzaniso weiyi ndeye AFS, iyo yakagadzirirwa neazvino chizvarwa cheSkoda Superb. Electronics inoshanda mumatatu modhi (kuwedzera kure uye padyo):

1. Guta - rakamisikidzwa kumhanya kwe50 km / h. Chiedza chemwenje chinorova padyo, asi chakaringana zvakakwana, nekuda kwekuti mutyairi anokwanisa kuona zvakajeka zvinhu kumativi ese emugwagwa.
2. Highway - iyi sarudzo inogoneswa kana uchityaira mumugwagwa (kumhanyisa pamusoro pe90 makiromita / awa). Iko optics inotungamira danda rakakwirira kuitira kuti mutyairi aone zvinhu mberi uye agone pamberi izvo zvinoda kuitwa mune imwe mamiriro ezvinhu.
3. Yakavhenganiswa - mwenje yemwenje inogadziridza kumhanya kwemotokari, pamwe nekuvapo kweinouya traffic.

Pamusoro pema modhi ari pamusoro, ino sisitimu inozvimiririra inoona painotanga kunaya kana mhute mumugwagwa uye inoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu akachinja. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kumutyairi kudzora mota.

Heino vhidhiyo ipfupi nezve maratidziro akangwara emagetsi, akagadzirwa nemaBMW mainjiniya, shanda:

Smart headlights kubva kuBMW

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Ndinoshandisa sei marambi angu mumotokari yangu? Iyo yakakwira-yakaderera danda modhi inoshanduka mune ye: iri kuuya ichipfuura (150 metres kure), kana paine mukana wekupenya uchiuya kana kupfuura (kuratidzwa mugirazi kwakapofumadzwa) vatyairi, muguta pane dzakavhenekerwa zvikamu zvemugwagwa. .

Chiedza cherudzii chirimo mumotokari? Mutyairi ane zvaainazvo: zviyero, zviratidzi, marambi ekupaka, DRL (marambi emasikati), mwenje (yakaderera / yakakwira), mwenje wemhute, bhureki mwenje, reversing mwenje.

Nzira yekubatidza mwenje mumotokari? Zvinoenderana nemhando yemotokari. Mune dzimwe mota, mwenje unobatidzwa ne switch pane yepakati console, mune dzimwe - pane inotungamira mbiru shandura chiratidzo chekuchinja.