Chii chinonzi compression reshiyo yeinjini yekupisa yemukati

Imwe yeakakosha dhizaini hunhu hwepiston yemukati inopisa injini ndeye compression ratio. Iyi parameter inokanganisa simba reinjini inopisa mukati, kushanda kwayo, uye kushandiswa kwemafuta. Zvichakadaro, vanhu vashoma vane pfungwa yechokwadi yezvinorehwa nedhigirii rekumanikidza. Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti ichi chingori chirevo chekumanikidza. Kunyangwe iyo yekupedzisira ine hukama nedhigirii rekumanikidza, zvisinei, izvi zvinhu zvakasiyana zvachose.

Kuti unzwisise izwi rekuti, unofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti cylinder yemagetsi unit yakarongedzwa sei, uye unzwisise musimboti wekushanda kweinjini yekupisa mukati. Musanganiswa unobvira unopinzwa mumasilinda, wobva watsikirirwa nepiston inofamba kubva pasi yakafa centre (BDC) ichienda kumusoro yakafa centre (TDC). Musanganiswa wakamanikidzwa pane imwe nguva pedyo neTDC unopisa uye unopisa. Iyo gasi iri kuwedzera inoita basa remuchina, kusundira piston kune yakatarisana - kune BDC. Yakabatanidzwa nepiston, tsvimbo yekubatanidza inoshanda pane crankshaft, ichiita kuti itenderere.

Nzvimbo yakasungwa nemukati memadziro ehumburumbira kubva kuBDC kuenda kuTDC ndiyo vhoriyamu yekushanda yecylinder. Iyo mathematical formula yekutamisa imwe silinda ndeiyi inotevera:

Vₐ = πr²s

uko r iri radius yechikamu chemukati chehumburumbira;

s chinhambwe kubva kuTDC kuenda kuBDC (kureba kwepiston sitiroko).

Kana piston yasvika paTDC, pachine imwe nzvimbo pamusoro payo. Iyi ndiyo kamuri yekupisa. Chimiro chechikamu chepamusoro checylinder chakaoma uye chinoenderana nekugadzirwa kwakananga. Naizvozvo, hazvigoneke kuratidza vhoriyamu Vₑ yekamuri yekupisa nechero fomula imwe.

Zviripachena, iyo yakazara vhoriyamu yehumburumbira V ₒ yakaenzana nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekushanda uye huwandu hwekamuri yekupisa:

Vₒ = Vₐ+Vₑ

Uye iyo compression reshiyo ndiyo chiyero chehuwandu hwevhoriyamu yecylinder kusvika kuhuwandu hwekamuri yekupisa:

ε = (Vₐ+Vₑ)/Vₑ

Ukoshi uhwu hauna dimensionless, uye muchokwadi hunoratidza shanduko yehukama mukumanikidza kubva panguva iyo musanganiswa unobaiwa muhumburumbira kusvika panguva yekudzima.

Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva mukugadzirisa kuti zvinokwanisika kuwedzera chiyero chekugadzirisa kana nekuwedzera vhoriyamu yekushanda ye cylinder, kana nekuderedza kuwanda kwekamuri rinopisa.

Kune akasiyana-siyana emukati emoto injini, iyi parameter inogona kusiyana uye inotemwa nemhando yeyuniti uye maficha ekugadzirwa kwayo. Iyo yekumanikidza reshiyo yemazuva ano peturu yemukati inopisa injini iri mumhando kubva pa8 kusvika ku12, mune dzimwe nguva inogona kusvika ku13 ... 14. Kune injini dzedhiziri, yakakwira uye inosvika gumi nemana ... 14, izvi zvinokonzerwa nehunhu hwekupisa kwemusanganiswa wedhiziri.

Uye kana iri yekumanikidzana, iyi ndiyo yakanyanya kumanikidza inoitika mucylinder sezvo piston inofamba kubva kuBDC kuenda kuTDC. Iyo yepasi rose SI unit yekumanikidza ndiyo pascal (Pa/Pa). Zviyero zvechiyero senge bar (bar) uye mamiriro (pa / pa) anoshandiswawo zvakanyanya. Iyo unit ratio ndeye:

1 pa = 0,98 bar;

1 bar = 100 Pa

Kuwedzera kune dhigirii rekumanikidza, kuumbwa kwemusanganiswa unopisa uye mamiriro ehunyanzvi einjini yekupisa mukati, kunyanya dhigirii rekupfeka kwezvikamu zveboka re-cylinder-piston, zvinokanganisa kudzvanya.

Nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekugadzirisa, kudzvinyirirwa kwemagasi papiston kunowedzera, izvo zvinoreva kuti, pakupedzisira, simba rinowedzera uye kushanda kwejini inopisa mukati. Kuwedzera kupisa kwakazara kwemusanganiswa kunotungamira kukuvandudza kwezvakatipoteredza uye kunobatsira kune yakawedzera hupfumi kushandiswa kwemafuta.

Nekudaro, mukana wekuwedzera iyo compression reshiyo inogumira nenjodzi yekuparara. Muchiitiko ichi, musanganiswa wemhepo-mafuta haupisi, asi unoputika. Basa rinobatsira hariitwe, asi mapistoni, masilinda uye zvikamu zve crank mechanism zvinosangana nekukanganisika, zvichitungamira mukupfeka kwavo nekukurumidza. Kupisa kwepamusoro panguva ye detonation kunogona kukonzera kupisa kwevhavha uye nzvimbo yekushanda yepistoni. Kusvika kumwero wakati, peturu ine yakakwira octane rating inobatsira kutsungirira detonation.

Mune injini yedhiziri, detonation inogoneka zvakare, asi ipapo inokonzerwa nekugadziriswa kwejekiseni kusiri iko, soot mukati memukati memasilinda, uye zvimwe zvikonzero zvisingaenderane nekuwedzera kwekumanikidza reshiyo.

Zvinokwanisika kumanikidzira chikwata chiripo nekuwedzera huwandu hwekushanda kwemasilinda kana chiyero chekugadzirisa. Asi pano zvakakosha kuti urege kuzvipfuudza uye kunyatsoverenga zvese usati wamhanyira kuhondo. Zvikanganiso zvinogona kutungamira mukusaenzana kwakadaro mukushanda kweyuniti uye detonations zvekuti kana yakakwira-octane peturu kana kugadzirisa kwekubatidza nguva kuchabatsira.

Iko hakuna chero pfungwa yekumanikidza injini iyo pakutanga ine yakakwirira compression reshiyo. Mutengo wekuedza uye mari uchave wakakura, uye kuwedzera kwesimba kungangove kushoma.

Chinangwa chinodiwa chinogona kuwanikwa nenzira mbiri - nekufinha macylinders, izvo zvichaita kuti vhoriyamu yekushanda yeinjini yekupisa ive yakakura, kana nekugaya pasi pasi (cylinder head).

Cylinder inofinha

Nguva yakanakisa yeiyi ndeye apo iwe unofanirwa kubereka masilinda zvakadaro.

Usati waita oparesheni iyi, unofanirwa kusarudza piston uye zvindori zvehukuru hutsva. Zvichida hazvizove zvakaoma kuwana zvikamu zvekugadzirisa zviyero zveiyi injini inopisa mukati, asi izvi hazvizopi kuwedzera kunooneka kwehuwandu hwekushanda uye simba rejini, sezvo mutsauko wekukura uri muduku zvikuru. Zviri nani kutarisa mapistoni akakura dhayamita uye zvindori zvemamwe mayuniti.

Iwe haufanirwe kuedza kubhowa macylinders iwe pachako, nekuti izvi zvinoda kwete chete hunyanzvi, asiwo midziyo yakakosha.

Kupedzisa kwesirinda musoro

Kugaya pasi pemusoro wecylinder kunoderedza kureba kwecylinder. Iyo kamuri yekupisa, zvishoma kana yakazara mumusoro, ichave ipfupi, izvo zvinoreva kuti iyo compression ratio ichawedzera.

Pakuverengera kuverenga, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti kubvisa chidimbu chechikamu chemirimita kuchawedzera chiyero chekumanikidza neinenge chikamu chimwe mugumi. Kurongeka kwakanaka kunopa maitiro akafanana. Iwe unogona zvakare kusanganisa imwe neimwe.

Usakanganwa kuti kupedzisa kwemusoro kunoda kuverenga kwakarurama. Izvi zvinodzivirira yakawandisa compression ratio uye isingadzoreki detonation.

Kumanikidza injini inopisa mukati meiyi nzira yakazara nerimwe dambudziko rinogona kuitika - kupfupisa silinda kunowedzera njodzi yekuti mapistoni achasangana nemavharuvhu.

Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvichave zvakare zvakafanira kugadzirisa zvakare nguva yevhavha.

Kupisa kamuri vhoriyamu kuyerwa

Kuti uverenge chiyero chekumanikidza, unofanirwa kuziva huwandu hwekamuri yekupisa. Iyo yakaoma yemukati chimiro inoita kuti zvisakwanise kuverengera masvomhu kuverengera huwandu hwayo. Asi pane nzira iri nyore yekuiyera nayo. Kuti uite izvi, piston inofanira kuiswa kumusoro kwepakati yakafa uye, uchishandisa sirinji ine vhoriyamu inosvika 20 cm³, dururira mafuta kana imwe mvura yakakodzera kuburikidza ne spark plug gomba kusvika yazara zvachose. Verenga kuti wadira macube mangani. Iri richava vhoriyamu yekamuri yekupisa.

Iko kushanda kwevhoriyamu imwe silinda inotarwa nekukamura huwandu hweiyo injini inopisa mukati nenhamba yemasilinda. Kuziva maitiro ese ari maviri, unogona kuverenga iyo compression reshiyo uchishandisa iri pamusoro formula.

Kuvhiya kwakadaro kungave kuri madikanwa, semuenzaniso, kushandura kune yakachipa peturu. Kana kuti iwe unofanirwa kudzosera kumashure kana injini isina kubudirira kumanikidza. Zvadaro, kuti vadzokere kunzvimbo dzavo dzepakutanga, silinda yakakora musoro gasket kana musoro mutsva unodiwa. Senge sarudzo, shandisa maviri akajairwa spacers, pakati peiyo inoiswa aluminium inogona kuiswa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo kamuri yekupisa ichawedzera, uye iyo compression ratio ichaderera.

Imwe nzira ndeyekubvisa chidimbu chesimbi kubva panzvimbo yekushanda yepistoni. Asi nzira yakadaro ichava dambudziko kana nzvimbo yekushanda (pasi) ine convex kana concave chimiro. Iyo yakaoma chimiro chekorona yepiston inowanzogadzirwa kuti ikwidzise nzira yekupisa yemusanganiswa.

Pane yekare carburetor ICEs, kumanikidza hakukonzeri matambudziko. Asi iyo yemagetsi kudzora yemazuva ano majekiseni emukati ekupisa injini mushure mekuita kwakadaro kunogona kukanganisa pakugadzirisa nguva yekubatidza, uyezve detonation inogona kuitika kana uchishandisa yakaderera-octane peturu.