Crankshaft bearings uye kutsiva kwavo

Iyo crankshaft chimwe chezvikamu zvakakosha zve chero mota ine piston injini. Imwe yakaparadzana yakazvipira kune mudziyo uye chinangwa che crankshaft. Zvino ngatitaure pamusoro pezvinobatsira kuti ishande zvakanaka. Ngatikurukurei nezvekuisa.

Iyo liner inoiswa pakati pemagazini makuru e crankshaft uye mubhedha muvhavhavhavhavha, uyewo pakati pemapepa ekubatanidza tsvimbo uye mukati memusoro wezasi wemisoro yekubatanidza. Muchokwadi, aya ndiwo mabhengi akajeka anoderedza kukweshera panguva yekutenderera kweshaft uye kudzivirira kuti isajame. Rolling mabheji haashande pano, haangokwanise kutsungirira mamiriro ekushanda akadaro kwenguva yakareba.

Pamusoro pekudzikisa kupokana, ma liner anotendera iwe kuti ugone kumisa uye nepakati zvikamu. Rimwe basa rinokosha razvo nderokugoverwa kwemafuta nekugadzirwa kwefirimu yemafuta pamusoro pezvikamu zvinopindirana.

Iyo inopinza chikamu chakaumbwa chesimbi mbiri dzakafuratira hafu-mhete. Kana vapetwa, vanovhara zvizere crankshaft magazine. Pane chivharo pane imwe yemigumo yehafu-mhete, nerubatsiro rwayo liner inogadziriswa pachigaro. Mabheji anopinza ane makora - madziro emadziro, ayo anobvumirawo kuti chikamu chigadzirwe uye chinodzivirira shaft kubva pakufamba pamwe neaxis.

Kune rimwe kana maviri maburi mumasemi-mhete, kuburikidza iyo lubrication inopiwa. Pamitsetse, iyo iri padivi pegero remafuta, groove yakareba inogadzirwa, iyo iyo lubricant inopinda mugomba.

Iyo inotakura ine multilayer chimiro chakavakirwa pane simbi ndiro. Parutivi rwemukati (kushanda), anti-friction coating inoshandiswa pairi, kazhinji inoumbwa nezvikamu zvakawanda. Kune maviri structural subspecies ye liner - bimetallic uye trimetallic.

Kune bimetallic, anti-friction coating ye 1 ... 4 mm inoshandiswa kune chigadziko chesimbi nehupamhi hwe 0,25 kusvika 0,4 mm. Inowanzo ine simbi dzakapfava - mhangura, tin, lead, aluminium muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Kuwedzerwa kwe zinc, nickel, silicon uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinogoneka zvakare. Iko kazhinji kune aluminium kana copper sublayer pakati pechigadziko uye anti-friction layer.

Tri-metal bearing ine imwe nhete ye lead yakasanganiswa nerata kana copper. Inodzivirira kuora uye inoderedza kupera kwe anti-friction layer.

Kuti uwedzere kudzivirirwa panguva yekufambisa uye kumhanya-mukati, hafu-mhete inogona kuputirwa netini kumativi ose maviri.

Chimiro che crankshaft liners hachidzorerwe nechero mwero uye chinogona kusiyana kubva kumugadziri kuenda kumugadziri.

Liners ndiwo chaiwo-mhando zvikamu zvinopa mapeji mukati meimwe miganhu panguva yekutenderera crankshaft. Lubricant inodyiswa mugomba pasi pekumanikidzwa, iyo, nekuda kwe eccentric displacement ye shaft, inoumba iyo inonzi mafuta wedge. Muchokwadi, pasi pemamiriro akajairwa, crankshaft haibati kubereka, asi inotenderera pamafuta wedge.

Kuderera kwemafuta ekumanikidza kana kusakwana viscosity, kupisa, kutsauka kwezviyero zvezvikamu kubva kune mazita, kusarongeka kwemasanhu, ingress yezvimedu zvekunze uye zvimwe zvikonzero zvinokonzeresa kutyorwa kwekupokana kwemvura. Ipapo mune dzimwe nzvimbo majenari eshaft uye mabhanhire anotanga kubata. Friction, kupisa uye kupera kwezvikamu zvinowedzera. Nokufamba kwenguva, nzira yacho inotungamirira mukukundikana.

Mushure mokuparadzanisa uye kubvisa mitsara, zvikonzero zvekupfeka zvinogona kutongwa nekuonekwa kwavo.

Mabheji akasakara kana akakuvadzwa haagone kugadziriswa uye anongotsiviwa nemitsva.

Matambudziko angangodaro ane ma liner anozotaurwa ne dull metallic knock. Inowedzera ruzha apo injini inodziya kana kuti mutoro unowedzera.

Kana ikagogodza pakumhanya kwe crankshaft, ipapo majenari makuru kana mabearings akasakara.

Kana kugogodza kuchiitika pafrequency yakapetwa kaviri pasi peiyo crankshaft kumhanya, saka iwe unofanirwa kutarisa majenari tsvimbo yekubatanidza uye liner dzayo. Mutsipa unonetsa unogona kutariswa zvakanyanya nekudzima muromo kana spark plug yeimwe yemasilinda. Kana kugogodza kuchinyangarika kana kunyarara, ipapo tsvimbo inobatana inofanirwa kuongororwa.

Zvisina kunanga, matambudziko ane mitsipa uye liners anoratidzwa nekudzvinyirira kudonha mune lubrication system. Kunyanya, kana izvi zvikaonekwa zvisina basa mushure mekunge unit yadziya.

Bearings ndiyo huru uye tsvimbo yekubatanidza. Yokutanga inoiswa muzvigaro mumuviri weBC, inovhara majenari makuru uye inobatsira pakutenderera kutenderera kwe shaft pachayo. Iyo yekupedzisira inopinzwa mumusoro wezasi wetsvimbo yekubatanidza uye pamwe chete nayo inovhara iyo yekubatanidza tsvimbo yejenari ye crankshaft.

Kwete chete mabhengi ari pasi pekupfeka, asiwo shaft majenari, saka kutsiva yakasakara fani neyakajairwa saizi bushing inogona kuita kuti clearance iwedzere.

Oversize mabearings ane ukobvu hwakawedzera anogona kudikanwa kutsiva kupera kwejenari. Sezvo mutemo, mabhanhire ega ega ega ega ekugadzirisa saizi ari kota yemamilimita yakakura kupfuura yapfuura. Mabheji ekutanga ekugadzirisa saizi ndeye 0,25 mm yakakura kupfuura saizi yakajairwa, yechipiri ndeye 0,5 mm yakakura, zvichingodaro. Kunyangwe mune dzimwe nguva danho rekugadzirisa saizi rinogona kunge rakasiyana.

Kuti uone dhigirii yekupfeka kwe crankshaft magazines, hazvifanirwe kuyera dhayamita yavo chete, asiwo kuongorora kune ovality uye taper.

Pamutsipa wega wega, uchishandisa micrometer, kuyerwa kunoitwa mune maviri perpendicular ndege A uye B muzvikamu zvitatu - zvikamu 1 uye 3 zvakaparadzaniswa kubva pamatama nechechina yehurefu hwemutsipa, chikamu 2 chiri pakati.

Musiyano mukuru mumadhayamita akayerwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana, asi mundege imwe chete, ichapa taper index.

Kusiyana kwemadhayamita mumapuraneti eperpendicular, akayerwa muchikamu chimwe chete, achapa kukosha kwe ovality. Kuti uwedzere kutarisisa kwechiyero chekupfeka oval, zviri nani kuyera mundege nhatu madhigirii 120 ega ega.

Clearances

Kukosha kwemvumo ndiyo mutsauko pakati pehupamhi hwemukati we liner uye dhayamita yemutsipa, yakakamurwa ne2.

Kutsunga kwemukati dhayamita ye liner, kunyanya iyo huru, inogona kuva yakaoma. Naizvozvo, pakuyera zviri nyore kushandisa calibrated epurasitiki waya Plastigauge (Plastigage). Maitiro ekuyera ndeaya anotevera.

1. Geza mitsipa yegirizi.
2. Isa chidimbu chetsvimbo yakagadziridzwa nepamusoro pepamusoro kuti ayerwe.
3. Isa chivharo chekubereka nekusimbisa zvisungo kune yakatemerwa torque ine torque wrench.
4. Usatenderedza crankshaft.
5. Iye zvino sunungura fastener uye bvisa chivharo.
6. Isa iyo calibration template kune iyo yakatsetseka purasitiki uye tarisa gap kubva pahupamhi hwayo.

Kana kukosha kwayo kusingakodzeri mukati memiganhu inobvumirwa, mitsipa inofanira kuderedzwa kusvika pakukura kwekugadzirisa.

Mitsipa inowanzopfeka zvisina kuenzana, saka zviyero zvose zvinofanira kutorwa kune imwe neimwe yavo uye yakasvibiswa, zvichitungamirira kune imwe yekugadzirisa. Ipapo ndipo paunogona kusarudza nekuisa liner.

Paunosarudza kuiswa kwekuchinja, zvinodikanwa kufunga nezvemhando yemhando yeinjini dzinopisa mukati, uye zvinoitika kuti kunyange yakasarudzika modhi yeinjini yekupisa. Muhuwandu hwakawanda hwezviitiko, mabhengi kubva kune mamwe mayuniti anenge asingaenderane.

Zviyero uye zvimiro zvekugadzirisa, kukosha kwekubvumidza, zvinogoneka kushivirira, mabhoti torque uye mamwe ma paramita ane hukama ne crankshaft anogona kuwanikwa mubhuku rekugadzirisa remota yako. Kusarudzwa uye kuisirwa kwema liner kunofanirwa kuitwa zvakanyatsoenderana nebhuku uye mamaki akadhindwa pa crankshaft uye muviri weBC.

Nzira chaiyo yekushandura mabhengi inosanganisira kubviswa zvachose kwe crankshaft. Saka, unofanira kubvisa injini. Kana iwe uine mamiriro akakodzera, iyo inodiwa seti yezvishandiso, ruzivo uye chishuwo, saka iwe unogona kuenderera. Zvikasadaro, uri munzira kuenda kubasa remotokari.

Usati wabvisa zvivharo zvezvivharo, zvinofanira kuverengwa uye kuiswa chiratidzo kuitira kuti zvigone kuiswa munzvimbo dzazvo dzepakutanga uye munzvimbo imwechete panguva yekuiswa. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune liner, kana iri mumamiriro akanaka uye kushandiswa kwavo kunotarisirwa.

Iyo shaft yakabviswa, liners uye mating zvikamu zvakanyatsocheneswa. Mamiriro avo anotariswa, kutarisisa kwakanyanya kunofanirwa kubhadharwa pakutarisa kuchena kwenzira dzemafuta. Kana mabhanhire aine hurema - scuffing, delamination, zvinyoro zvekunyunguduka kana kunamatira - saka zvinoda kutsiviwa.

Uyezve, zviyero zvinodiwa zvinogadzirwa. Zvichienderana nemigumisiro yakawanikwa, mitsipa inonatswa.

Kana mabheji ehukuru hunodiwa aripo, saka unogona kuenderera mberi nekuiswa kwe crankshaft.

Gungano

Idzo dzakagadzirirwa kuiswa mumubhedha weBC dzine groove yekuzora, uye izvo zvindori zvehafu zvinoiswa mumavharo hazvina grooves. Iwe haugoni kuchinja nzvimbo dzavo.

Usati waisa ma liner ese, nzvimbo dzawo dzekushanda, pamwe nejenari re crankshaft, dzinofanirwa kuzorwa nemafuta.

uye mabhengi akaiswa pamubhedha wecylinder block, uye crankshaft yakaiswa pavari.

Iyo huru yekutakura zvivharo inoiswa munzvimbo maererano nemakaro uye mamakisi akaitwa panguva yekuputswa. Mabhaudhi anosimbiswa kune torque inodiwa mu 2-3 kupfuura. Kutanga, chifukidzo chepakati chekutakura chinosimbiswa, zvino maererano nechirongwa: 2nd, 4th, mberi uye kumashure kwe liner.

Kana zvivharo zvese zvakasimbiswa, shandura crankshaft uye ita shuwa kuti kutenderera kuri nyore uye pasina kunamatira.

Isa matanda ekubatanidza. Chifukidziro chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kuiswa pachitanda chayo chekubatanidza, sezvo fekitari yavo inofinha inoitwa pamwe chete. Makiyi emaearbuds anofanira kunge ari kudivi rimwe chete. Simbisa mabhaudhi kune torque inodiwa.

Kune akawanda kurudziro paInternet ekutsiva mabhengi pasina kudikanwa kwekunetseka kwakanyanya kwekubvisa maitiro. Imwe nzira yakadaro ndeyekushandisa bhaudhi kana rivet inopinzwa mugomba remafuta emutsipa. Kana zvichidikanwa, musoro webhaudhi unofanirwa kuve wakadzikiswa kuitira kuti usapfuure kukora kweiyo liner pakureba uye kupfuura zvakasununguka mugomba. Paunenge uchitenderedza crankshaft, musoro unozorora wakanangana nekumucheto kweyekubereka mhete uye woisundira kunze. ipapo, nenzira yakafanana, chinoisa chitsva chinoiswa panzvimbo pechinobviswa.

Chokwadi, iyi nzira inoshanda, uye njodzi yekukuvadza chero chinhu idiki, iwe unongoda kusvika kune crankshaft kubva pagomba rekuongorora. Nekudaro, inogona kuve nemhedzisiro isingatarisike, saka iwe unozoishandisa panjodzi yako uye nenjodzi.

Dambudziko nemaitiro akadaro nderekuti haapi iwo akadzama kugadzirisa uye kuyerwa kwe crankshaft uye kusabvisa zvachose kukuya nekukodzera mitsipa. Zvose zvinoitwa neziso. Somugumisiro, dambudziko rinogona kushanduka kuva rakavanzwa, asi mushure mechinguva richaonekwa zvakare. Izvi ndizvo zvakanakisa.

Izvo hazvina kukodzera zvakanyanya kushandura liner dzakakundikana pasina kufunga nezvekupfeka kwe crankshaft magazine. Panguva yekushanda, mutsipa unogona, semuenzaniso, kuwana chimiro cheovha. Uye ipapo kutsiva kwakapusa kweiyo liner kunenge kwakavimbiswa kutungamira mukutendeuka kwayo munguva pfupi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, pachange paine scuffs pane crankshaft uye ichafanirwa kukwenenzverwa, uye sepamusoro, kugadzirisa kwakakomba kweinjini yekupisa kwemukati kunodiwa. Kana ikatendeuka, inogona kukundikana.

Kuregererwa kusina kururama kuchakonzerawo migumisiro yakakomba yakaipa. Backlash yakazara nekugogodza, vibration uye kunyanya kupfeka. Kana iyo gaka, pane zvinopesana, iri shoma pane inobvumirwa, ipapo njodzi yejamming inowedzera.

Kunyangwe kusvika padiki, zvimwe zvikamu zvekusangana zvinosakara zvishoma nezvishoma - misoro yetsvimbo yekubatanidza, mubhedha we crankshaft. Izvi hazvifanirwe kukanganwa zvakare.