Chii chinotsamira uye chakazvimirira kumiswa kwemota?

Chii chinotsamira uye chakazvimirira kumiswa kwemota?

Kuturika igadziriro inobatanidza muviri wemotokari nemavhiri. Yakagadzirirwa kudzikisa kuvhunduka uye kuzununguka nekuda kwemigwagwa isina kuenzana uye kuve nechokwadi kugadzikana kwemuchina mumamiriro akasiyana.

Zvikamu zvikuru zvekumiswa ndeye elastic uye inonyorovesa zvinhu (zvitubu, zvitubu, zvinokatyamadza uye zvikamu zverubha), madhairekitori (levers uye matanda anobatanidza muviri nemavhiri), zvinhu zvinotsigira, stabilizers uye akasiyana ekubatanidza zvikamu.

Kune marudzi maviri makuru ekumiswa - kutsamira uye kuzvimiririra. Izvi zvinoreva kutsamira kana kuzvimirira kwemavhiri esero rimwe chete uchityaira pamusoro penzira isina kuenzana.

dependent suspension. Mavhiri eimwe axle akabatana zvakasimba kune rimwe nerimwe uye kufamba kweimwe yacho kunotungamirira kuchinje panzvimbo yeimwe. Muchiitiko chakareruka, ine bhiriji uye maviri marefu matsime emvura. Musiyano wegiyadhi levers unogona zvakare.

Kumiswa kwakazvimirira. Mavhiri paaxle imwechete haana kubatana kune mumwe nemumwe, uye kutamiswa kweimwe hakukanganisi chinzvimbo cheimwe.

Nheyo yekushanda kwekumisikidzwa kunotsamira

Kana iwe ukatarisa kune inomisikidzwa chirongwa, iwe unogona kuona kuti kubatana kunokanganisa kufamba kwakamira kwemavhiri uye nzvimbo yavo yemakona maererano nendege yemugwagwa.

Kana rimwe remavhiri richikwira kumusoro, yechipiri inodzika pasi, sezvo iyo elastic zvinhu uye iyo yese giraidhi vane iri mukati memotokari track. Kumanikidza chitubu kana chitubu kuruboshwe rwemotokari kunoburitsa muviri, zvichiteerana, chitubu chekurudyi chinotwasanudzwa, chinhambwe pakati pemuviri nemugwagwa kurudyi unowedzera. Haisi nguva dzose isinganzwisisiki, sezvo mufananidzo wacho uchave wakakanganiswa neinoguma miviri miviri uye zvakawanda zvinoenderana nekureba kwepakati pehuwandu hwemotokari uye chinhambwe chiri padivi peaxis kubva kuchitubu kana levers kusvika kuvhiri. Mamiriro akadai, ayo anoita kuti mota iumburuke uye iite kuzununguka, inotariswa pakuverenga kumiswa.

Sezvo mavhiri ose ari mundege dzakafanana, kana tikaregeredza macamber angles akagadzirwa, ipapo kurereka kweimwe yacho, semuenzaniso, kuruboshwe kuchaita kuti yechipiri ive nekona yakafanana munzira imwechete. Asi maererano nemuviri, iyo pakarepo camber angle ichachinja nenzira imwechete, asi nechiratidzo chakapesana. Kuchinja kwecamber pavhiri kunogara kuchiwedzera kuipa, uye nechirongwa ichi, izvi zvinoitika nekukasika nemavhiri ese ari paaxle. Nokudaro kushanda kusingagutsi kwekumisikidza kunotsamira pamhanyiro yakakwira ine lateral mitoro mumakona. Uye zvipingamupinyi zvekumiswa kwakadaro hazvigumiri pane izvi.

Basa rechitubu mupfungwa yezwi rinogona kunge rakajairika zvimiro zvechitubu zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana uye nehuwandu hwakasiyana hwemashiti museti, kusanganisira kuomarara kwakasiyana (nezvitubu), pamwe nezvitubu kana zvitubu zvemhepo zvakafanana iwo muhurongwa.

Kumiswa kwechirimo. Zvitubu zvinogona kuwanikwa kureba kana kuchinjika, kuumba akasiyana arcs, kubva pachikamu chechina che ellipse kusvika kune yakazara. Kumiswa pazvitubu zviviri zvesemi-elliptical zviri padivi pemuviri zvagara zvave zvechinyakare. Mamwe magadzirirwo akashandiswa muhafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rapfuura.

Zvimiro zvechitubu chemashizha ndezvekuti zvine kuomarara kwakajairwa mundege yakatwasuka, uye mune mamwe ese, deformation yayo inogona kuregeredzwa, saka dhizaini iyi haina rakasiyana gwara vane. Bhiriji rose rinosungirirwa pafuremu kana kumuviri chete kuburikidza nezvitubu.

Iyi pendant inosanganisira:

• zvitubu zvine rimwe kana kupfuura simbi simbi mashizha, dzimwe nguva zvinhu zvinoumbwa zvinoshandiswa;
• mabhanhire anosungirira pamwe chete mapepa echitubu ezvimiro zvemhando;
• anti-creak washers, iyo inoderedza kukakavara uye inovandudza acoustic comfort, iri pakati pemashizha;
• kuturika zvitubu, izvo zvinowedzera zvitubu zvidiki zvinouya mukuita kana chikamu chekufamba kwekumisa chasarudzwa uye kushandura kuoma kwayo;
• manera anosungira chitubu kudanda rebhiriji;
• kumberi uye kuzasi kusungirirwa mabhureki ane bushings kana zvivharo zvinyararire, izvo zvinobvumira kubhadharira shanduko mukureba kwechirimo panguva yekumanikidza, dzimwe nguva vanonzi mhete;
• macushion-chippers anodzivirira mapepa kubva pakusachinja kusingachinjiki nekukotama kwakanyanya pakupera kwekurohwa kwekushanda.

Zvese zvinomisikidzwa zvakashongedzerwa zvakaparadzana zvakamisikidzwa zvekukatyamadza, iyo mhando uye nzvimbo iyo isingaenderane nerudzi rweiyo elastic element.

Zvitubu zvinokwanisa kufambisa masimba ekudhonza uye mabhureki kubva paaxle danda kuenda kumuviri nekushomeka kushoma, kudzivirira ekisero kubva kumonyoroka paaxis yayo uye kuramba lateral masimba mumakona. Asi nekuda kwekusaenderana kwezvinodiwa zvekuomarara munzira dzakasiyana, vanozviita zvese zvakaenzana zvakaipa. Asi izvi hazvikoshi kwose kwose.

Pamotokari dzinorema dzakawanda-axle, kuenzanisa-mhando yekumisikidza inogona kushandiswa, kana peya yezvitubu ichishandira maekisi maviri ari padyo, achizorora pamigumo yawo, uye akaiswa pafuremu iri pakati. Uku ndiko kumiswa kwerori ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira.

Spring inotsamira kumiswa. Basa reiyo elastic element rinoitwa ne cylindrical zvitubu kana mhepo zvitubu, saka iyi mhando inoda rakasiyana gwara vane. Inogona kuva yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kazhinji kacho nzira yejet rods mashanu inoshandiswa, maviri epamusoro, maviri akadzika uye imwe inotenderera (Panhard rod).

Kune dzimwe mhinduro, semuenzaniso, kubva kune maviri longitudinal tsvimbo neimwe inochinjika imwe, kana nekutsiviwa kwePanhard tsvimbo neWatt parallelogram mechanism, inogadzirisa zviri nani bhiriji munzira inochinjika. Chero zvazvingava, zvitubu zvinoshanda chete mukumanikidzana, uye nguva dzese kubva pabhiriji dzinofambiswa kuburikidza nejet thrust nemabhururu akanyarara kumagumo.

Nheyo yekushanda kwekumisa yakazvimirira

Kumisikidzwa kwakazvimiririra kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya pamberi pemavhiri emotokari dzinotakura vanhu, sezvo kushandiswa kwavo kuchivandudza zvakanyanya kurongeka kweinjini kana trunk uye kunoderedza mukana wekuzvifambisa-oscillation yemavhiri.

Sechinhu elastic mukumiswa kwakazvimiririra, zvitubu zvinowanzo shandiswa, zvishoma kazhinji - torsion mabara uye zvimwe zvinhu. Izvi zvinowedzera mukana wekushandisa pneumatic elastic elements. Iyo elastic element, kunze kwechirimo, haina kana mhedzisiro pabasa redhizaini.

Nokuda kwekumisikidzwa kwakazvimirira, kune zvirongwa zvakawanda zvezvishandiso zvinotungamira, izvo zvinorongedzerwa zvichienderana nenhamba yezvitsigiro uye nzvimbo yeinozunguza ndege yemarevheti.  

Mune yakazvimirira pamberi linkage kumiswa, iyo vhiri hub yakashongedzwa neangular contact tapered roller bearings pane trunnion yechitsiko chekutungamirira, icho chakabatanidzwa kune rack ne pivot. A thrust ball bearing inoiswa pakati pe strut uye knuckle yekutungamirira.

Iyo rack yakabatanidzwa zvakanyanya nemakwenzi ane shinda kune ekumusoro uye ezasi forogo lever, ayo, akabatanidzwa, akabatanidzwa kune axles akaiswa kune furemu crossbars kuburikidza nerubber bushings. Iyo elastic element yekumisikidza chitubu, ichizorora nekumusoro kwayo kuburikidza ne vibration-insulating gasket pakatarisana nemusoro wakadhindwa wenhengo yemuchinjikwa, uye nemucheto wayo wepasi uchipesana nekapu yekutsigira, yakavharirwa kuzasi kwemaoko. Kufamba kwakamira kwemavhiri kunogumira nekumira kwerubha buffers mudanda.

Iyo yakapetwa kaviri-inoita telescopic hydraulic shock absorber inoiswa mukati mechirimo uye yakabatana neyokumusoro kumucheto kune inochinjika furemu kuburikidza nemacushion erabha, uye neinoperera kumucheto kune yakaderera levers.

Munguva ichangopfuura, "swinging kenduru" kumiswa kwave kwakapararira. McPherson. Inosanganisira imwe lever uye telescopic strut, kune rumwe rutivi yakanyatsobatanidzwa kune chidhiraivho chekufambisa, uye kune imwe - yakagadziriswa muchitsitsinho. Chitsitsinho isimbi inorovera yakasungirirwa murubber block yakasungirirwa pamuviri.

Iyo rack ine kugona kuzununguka nekuda kwekushandurwa kwerubha block uye kutenderera kutenderedza axis ichipfuura nepakati pekuisa, hinge yekunze yerevheti.

Zvakanakira zvekuturika uku zvinosanganisira nhamba shoma yezvikamu, huremu hushoma uye nzvimbo mukamuri yeinjini kana hunde. Kazhinji, tambo yekumisa inosanganiswa neyekuvhunduka, uye elastic element (spring, pneumatic element) inoiswa pa strut. Izvo zvisingabatsiri zveMacPherson kumiswa kunosanganisira kuwedzera kupfeka kweiyo strut gwara zvinhu nekufamba kwakakura kwekumiswa, mikana mishoma yekusiyana kwekinematic zvirongwa uye yakakwirira ruzha mwero (uchienzaniswa nekumiswa paviri zvishuwo.

Chishandiso uye kushanda kweMacPherson kumiswa zvinotsanangurwa zvakadzama pazasi.

Iyo oscillating strut suspension ine ruoko rwakagadzirwa kune iyo stabilizer ruoko rwakabatana kuburikidza nerabha pads. Iyo yakachinjika chikamu cheiyo stabilizer yakasungirirwa kumuviri wemuchinjikwa nhengo nemapedhi erabha uye mabhuraketi esimbi. Nekudaro, iyo diagonal ruoko rwe stabilizer inotumira longitudinal masimba kubva pavhiri kuenda kumuviri uye nekudaro inoumba chikamu cheyakabatanidzwa yekumisa inotungamira ruoko. Rubber cushions inobvumidza iwe kutsiva kukanganisa kunoitika kana ruoko rwakasanganiswa rwakadaro ruchizununguka, uye zvakare kudzikisira kureba kwekudedera kunotapurirwa kubva vhiri kuenda kumuviri.

Tsvimbo yetelescopic strut inogadziriswa pazasi pechitsiko cherubha chepamusoro chitsitsinho uye haitendereri pamwe chete ne strut uye chitubu chakaiswa pairi. Muchiitiko ichi, nechero kutenderera kwemavhiri anotungamirirwa, rack inotendererawo maererano netsvimbo, ichibvisa kupesana kwakasimba pakati petsvimbo uye cylinder, iyo inovandudza kupindurwa kwekumiswa kune zviduku zvishoma zvemugwagwa.

Chitubu hachina kuisirwa coaxially ne rack, asi inorerekera kune vhiri kuitira kudzikisa inotenderera mitoro patsvimbo, gwara rayo uye piston, izvo zvinoitika pasi pesimba re vertical force pavhiri.

Chinhu chekumiswa kwemavhiri anotungamirwa ndechekuti inofanirwa kubvumira vhiri kuti riite majana zvisinei nekutsauswa kweiyo elastic element. Izvi zvinosimbiswa neinonzi pivot assembly.

Kumiswa kunogona kuve pivot uye isina pivot:

1. Iine pivot suspension, knuckle inogadziriswa papivot, iyo inosungirirwa pamwe nekumwe kurerekera kune yakatwasuka pane yakamiswa strut. Kuti uderedze nguva yekukweshana mumubatanidzwa uyu, tsono, radial uye thrust bhora mabearings anogona kushandiswa. Migumo yekunze yemaoko ekurembera akabatanidzwa kune rack ne cylindrical joints, kazhinji inogadzirwa nenzira ye lubricated plain bearings. Iko kusakosha kukuru kwepivot suspension ndiyo nhamba huru yehinges. Paunenge uchidzungaira marevhisi echigadziro chegwara mundege inotenderera, hazvigoneke kuwana "anti-dive athari" nekuda kwekuvapo kwepakati peiyo longitudinal roll yekumisikidzwa, sezvo masemo ekuzunguza evhavha anofanirwa kuve akanyatso. parallel.
2. Besshkvornevy yakazvimirira yekumisa mabhureki uko cylindrical hinges yeraki inotsiviwa neayo spherical ave akapararira zvakanyanya. Magadzirirwo ehinge iyi anosanganisira pini ine musoro wehemispherical, yakasungirirwa neceramic-metal support insert, inoshanda padenderedzwa remuviri wehinge. Chigunwe chinogara pane yakavharwa naironi yakakosha yerubha yakaiswa yakaiswa mune yakakosha inobata. Iyo hinge imba inosungirirwa kune yakamiswa ruoko. Kana vhiri rikatenderedzwa, pini inotenderera neaxis yaro mumareni. Kana iyo kumiswa ikatsauka, pini, pamwe chete nekuisa, inozununguka maererano nepakati pepakati - nekuda kweizvi, kune gomba reoval mumuviri. Iyi hinge inotakura-kutakura, sezvo kuburikidza nayo mauto akajeka anotapudzwa kubva pavhiri kusvika kune elastic element, chitubu, icho chinomira pazasi kumiswa ruoko. Maoko ekusimudzwa anonamirwa kumuviri kungave nenzira yecylindrical plain bearings, kana nenzira yerubha-metal hinges, iyo inoshanda nekuda kwekugera deformation yerubber bushings. Iyo yekupedzisira inoda lubrication uye ine vibration-inoparadzanisa pfuma.

Ndeipi kumiswa kwakanakisisa?

Usati wapindura mubvunzo uyu, unofanirwa kufunga nezvezvakanakira uye zvakaipira zvemhando mbiri dzependants.

Benefits hoveredиzvangu suspensions - simba guru uye kuvimbika kwekugadzirwa, yunifomu inobata nemugwagwa uye yakawedzera kugadzikana kwekona, pamwe nekusagadzikana kwemvumo, kutarisa upamhi uye zvimwe zviratidzo zvemavhiri (zvinobatsira zvikuru pamugwagwa).

Pakati pezvakashata zvekuvimbika kumiswa:

• kumiswa kuoma kunogona kukonzera kusagadzikana paunenge uchityaira mumugwagwa wakashata;
• kuderedzwa kwekutonga kwemotokari;
• kuoma kwekugadzirisa;
• zvikamu zvinorema zvinowedzera zvakanyanya hukuru husina kuvhurika, izvo zvinokanganisa kutsvedzerera kwekukwira uye maitiro ane simba emuchina, uye zvakare inowedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta.

Independent kuturika uye mabhenefiti ayo:

• kuwedzera kunyaradza kutasva, sezvo kudhumhana kwerimwe remavhiri nekusaenzana hakuna kunokanganisa imwe;
• njodzi shoma yekukunguruka kana uchirova gomba rakakomba;
• kubata zviri nani, kunyanya pakukurumidza;
• kuderedzwa uremu kunopa kuvandudzwa kwesimba rekuita;
• dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzirisa sarudzo kuti uwane optimal parameters.

Izvo zvakashata zvinosanganisira:

• nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwakaoma, basa racho richadhura;
• kuwedzera kwekusagadzikana paunenge uchityaira kunze kwemugwagwa;
• track hupamhi uye mamwe ma parameter anogona kuchinja panguva yekushanda.

Saka ndezvipi zviri nani? Kuturika ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinowanzogadziriswa zvemuchina. Izvi zvinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo pakusarudza motokari. Kugadziriswa kwekumisikidzwa kwakazvimirira kunodhura kupfuura anovimba. Mukuwedzera, iyo yakazvimirira, ingangoita, ichafanirwa kugadziriswa kazhinji. Mativi echokwadi emhando yakakodzera yemota dzekunze angangofanira kuodha zvakasiyana.

Yekutyaira zvakanyanya paasphalt, yakanakisa sarudzo ndeye kumberi yakazvimirira kumiswa uye kumashure kutsamira. Kune SUV kana imwe mota inofanirwa kushandiswa kunze kwemugwagwa, kumiswa kunotsamira ndiyo yakanakisa sarudzo - pamaaxle ese kana kuseri. Zambuko harichabatiri tsvina zhinji. Uye ivhu nechando zvichanamatira zvakanyanya kune zvikamu zvekumira zvakazvimiririra. Panguva imwecheteyo, kunyange nebhiriji rakakotama mumugwagwa wegomo, motokari icharamba ichifamba. Asi kuparara kwekumiswa kwakazvimirira hakuzobvumiri mota kuti irambe ichifamba. Ichokwadi, mumamiriro emaguta, kubata nechirongwa chakadaro hakuzove kwakanakisisa.

Mumakore achangopfuura, vagadziri vakatanga kushongedza dzimwe mota nekumiswa kunogona kushanda mune akati wandei modes. Zvigadzirwa zvavo zvemagetsi zvinokutendera iwe kukurumidza, pakufamba, shandura ma parameter zvichienderana nemamiriro emotokari. Kana mari ichibvumira, zvakakodzera kutarisa mhando dzine hurongwa hwakadaro.