Cash: mari yezvinhu. Mari yacho inodeedzera rwiyo rwekuonekana

Kune rumwe rutivi, tinonzwa kwose kwose kuti kupera kwemari hakudzivisiki. Nyika dzakaita seDenmark dziri kuvhara mint dzadzo. Kune rumwe rutivi, kune zvakawanda zvinonetsa kuti 100% mari yemagetsi zvakare 100% yekutarisa. Kana kuti pamwe kutya kwakafanana kuchaputsa cryptocurrencies?

Anenge pasi rese, masangano emari - kubva kuEuropean Central Bank kuenda kunyika dzemuAfrica - haafarire mari. Vakuru vemitero vanoomerera pakuisiya, nokuti zvakanyanya kuoma kunzvenga mitero mune inodzorwa yemagetsi kutenderera. Aya maitiro anotsigirwa nemapurisa nemasangano ezvemitemo, ayo, sezvatinonyatsoziva kubva mumafirimu ehutsotsi, anonyanya kufarira masutukesi emasangano makuru. Munyika dzakawanda, vatengesi vezvitoro vari mungozi yokubirwa havadi kuchengeta mari.

Zvinotaridza kunge vakagadzirira kutaura zvakanaka kune mari inobatika Nyika dzeScandinaviaiyo dzimwe nguva inotonzi post-cash. MuDenmark, mukutanga 90s, mari, banknotes uye cheki akaverengera kupfuura 80% ose kutengeserana - apo muna 2015 chete anenge mashanu. Musika uyu unotongwa nemakadhi uye nharembozha dzekubhadhara maapplication, neDanish central bank ichiedza kushandisa tekinoroji-yakavakirwa virtual mari.

Electronic Scandinavia

Sweden, yakavakidzana neDenmark, inoonekwa senyika iri padyo nekusiya zvachose mari yemuviri. Mari ichapera panosvika 2030. Panyaya iyi, inokwikwidzana neNorway, iyo inenge 5% chete yekutengeserana inoitwa mumari uye uko zvisiri nyore kuwana chitoro kana resitorendi iyo inobvuma mari yakawanda sekubhadhara. zvezvinhu kana masevhisi. Kutsiviwa kwemari nemari yemagetsi muScandinavia kunofambiswa netsika yakanangana neruvimbo rweveruzhinji mumasangano ehurumende, masangano emari nemabhanga. Iyo grey zone yaimbovepo yakanyangarika nekuda kwekuchinjana kusina mari. Sezvineiwo, sezvo kubhadhara kwemagetsi kuri kuwedzera kutsiva nzira dzechinyakare, huwandu hwehumbavha hwepfuti huri kudzikirawo zvine hurongwa.

Bar muSweden, hapana mari 

Kune vazhinji veScandinavians, kushandiswa kwemari nemabhengi kunotonyumwira, zvichibatanidzwa neiyo yambotaurwa mumvuri hupfumi uye mhosva. Kunyange kana mari ichibvumirwa muchitoro kana mubhangi, patinoishandisa yakawanda, tinofanira kutsanangura kuti takaiwana kupi. Vashandi vemumabhanga vainzi vamhan’ara nyaya dzemari dzakakura kumapurisa.

Kubvisa mapepa nesimbi kunounza iwe kuchengetedza. Mabhangi eSweden paakatsiva masefa nemakomputa uye akabvisa kudiwa kwekutakura matani emapepa mumarori ane zvombo, mutengo wavo wakaderera zvakanyanya.

Kunyangwe muSweden, zvakadaro, kune rudzi rwekupokana nekuhodha mari. Simba rayo guru ndevakwegura, vanowana zvakaoma kuchinja kumakadhi ekubhadhara, tisingatauri kubhadhara kwefoni. Mukuwedzera, kuvimba kwakakwana pamagetsi emagetsi kunogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko makuru apo hurongwa huchaparara. Mhosva dzakadai dzakatove - semuenzaniso, pane imwe yemitambo yemimhanzi yeSweden, kutadza kwekupedzisira kwakakonzera kumutsiridza kwekuchinjana ...

Global fade

Kwete chete Scandinavia iri kufamba yakananga kubviswa kwemabhangi nemari kubva mukutenderera.

Kubva 2014, mari yakange isingabatanidzwe kubva kumusika wezvivakwa muBelgium - kushandiswa kwemari yechinyakare mukutengeserana kwakaitwa ikoko kwakarambidzwa. Muganho we3 euros wakaunzwawo kune epamba mari kutengeserana.

Zviremera zveFrance zvinoshuma kuti 92% yevagari vakatosiya mapepa nesimbi mari muhupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva.

Tsvagiridzo inoratidzawo kuti 89% yeBritish inoshandisa e-banking chete muhupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva.

Sezvazvinoitika, kwete chete vakapfuma Kumadokero vari kuenda kuhupfumi husina mari. Kuonekana kuAfrica kunogona kunge kwakamirira mari yepanyama nekukurumidza kupfuura zvinofungwa nemunhu.

MuKenya, MPesa's mobile banking app yenharembozha yatove nepamusoro pemakumi emamiriyoni evashandisi vakanyoresa.

MPesa kubhadhara chikumbiro 

Chinhu chinonakidza ndechekuti imwe yenyika dzine urombo muAfrica, isingazivikanwe pasi rose Somaliland, iyo yakaparadzana muna 1991 kubva kuSomalia, iyo yakanyura mumhirizhonga yemauto, iri pamberi penyika dzakawanda dzakabudirira mumunda wekutengesa kwemagetsi. Izvi zvimwe zvakakonzerwa nekuwanda kwematsotsi, izvo zvinoita kuti kuchengeta mari ikoko kuve nengozi.

Bhangi reSouth Korea rinofanotaura kuti panosvika 2020 nyika ichasiya mari yechinyakare.

Kare muna 2014, Ecuador yakaunza hurumende e-currency system kuwedzera kune yechinyakare mari system.

MuPoland, kubvira pakutanga kwe2017, kutengeserana kwese pakati pemakambani kune mari inopfuura PLN 15. PLN inofanira kunge iri yemagetsi. Muganho wakanyanya kuderedzwa wekubhadhara mari unotsanangurwa nekudikanwa kwekurwisa vanyengeri vemitero vanonzvenga kubhadhara VAT munzira dzakasiyana. Muongororo yakaitwa muPoland muna 2016 nePaysafecard - imwe yemhinduro dzekubhadhara padandemutande pasi rose - yakaona kuti chikamu che55% chete chevakabvunzwa vaipokana nekusiya mari voishandura kuita nzira dzekubhadhara dzedhijitari.

Blockchains panzvimbo yemasimba ese emabhangi

Kana iwe uchingogona kutenga nemagetsi ekubhadhara, zvese zvekutengesa zvinosiya zvisaririra - uye iyi inyaya chaiyo yehupenyu hwedu. Vakawanda havafariri kariro yokuva kwose kwose inotungamirirwa nehurumende uye masangano emari. Vazhinji vanokahadzika vanotya kuti zvingangoitika zvachose kutinyima pfuma yedu nekungodzvanya kamwe chete. Isu tinotya kupa mabhanga nehomwe simba rinenge rakazara pamusoro pedu.

E-mari inopawo simba nechishandiso chikuru chekuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka. kurwisa vapanduki. Muenzaniso wePayPal, Visa uye Mastercard vanoshanda, iyo yakacheka kubhadhara kweWikileaks, inonyatso kuburitsa. Uye iyi haisiyo chete nyaya yerudzi rwayo. Zvakasiyana - ngatizviti "zvisiri zvechinyakare" - Zvirongwa zveInternet zvinowanzoomerwa kushandisa masevhisi emari epamutemo. Ndicho chikonzero ivo vari kuwana mukurumbira mune mamwe madenderedzwa, zvinosuruvarisa, mumatsotsi zvakare. kryptowaluty, zvichibva pamaketani ezvivharo zvakakanyiwa ().

Vanofarira Bitcoin uye mamwe madhiri emagetsi akafanana anovaona semukana wekuyananisa kuve nyore kwekutenderera kwemagetsi nekudiwa kwekuchengetedza zvakavanzika, nekuti ichiri encrypted mari. Mukuwedzera, inoramba iri "yeruzhinji" mari - inenge inodzorwa kwete nehurumende nemabhangi, asi nechibvumirano chaicho chevashandisi vose, avo vangave vane mamiriyoni munyika.

Zvisinei, maererano nenyanzvi, kusazivikanwa kwekristptocurrency inhema. Kutengeserana kumwe kunokwana kugovera kiyi yeruzhinji encryption kune mumwe munhu. Bato rinofarira rinokwanisawo kuwana nhoroondo yese yekiyi iyi - saka kune zvakare nhoroondo yekutengeserana. Ndivo mhinduro kudambudziko iri. mixery coin, zvisinei, ivo vanotyora pfungwa huru yeBitcoin, iyo inova yekuvimba kwekuvimba. Patinenge tichishandisa musanganisi, tinofanira kuvimba zvizere nemunhu mumwe chete, zvose maererano nekubhadhara kunze kwema bitcoins akavhenganiswa, uye maererano nekusaburitsa hukama pakati pekero dzinopinda nedzinobuda.

Ehe, kune mhinduro dzekuita kuti Bitcoin ive mari isingazivikanwe, asi kuti ichashanda inoramba ichionekwa. Gore rapfuura, iyo Bitcoin testnet yakaita kutengeserana kwayo kwekutanga uchishandisa chishandiso chinonzi Shufflepuff, iyo inoshandiswa inoshanda yeCoinShuffle protocol yakagadzirwa nemasayendisiti kubva kuGermany University yeSaar.

Iyi zvakare imhando yemusanganiswa, asi yakagadziridzwa zvishoma. Mushure mekuunganidza boka renguva pfupi, mushandisi wega wega anogadzira inobuda BTC kero uye peya yenguva pfupi cryptographic kiyi. Rondedzero yekero yekupinda neyekubuda ipapo - kuburikidza nemaitiro ekunyorera uye "shuffling" - inogoverwa pakati penhengo dzeboka nenzira yekuti hapana anoziva kuti ndeipi kero. Mushure mekuzadza rondedzero, iwe unogadzira yakajairwa transaction ine akawanda ekuisa uye zvinobuda. Node imwe neimwe inotora chikamu muhashi inotarisa kuti ione kana bitcoins pane zvinyorwa zvakanzi zvakasanganiswa uye kana kutengeserana kune "zvayo" zvakabuda nehuwandu hwakakodzera, uye zvino kusaina kutengeserana. Danho rekupedzisira ndere kuunganidza zvidimbu zvakasainwa kuita imwe, yakasainwa neheshi yese. Saka, isu hatina mushandisi mumwechete, asi boka, i.e. zvishoma kusazivikanwa.

Ko cryptocurrencies icharatidza kuva kuwirirana kwakanaka pakati pe "nhoroondo yezvinodiwa" iyo mari yemagetsi inoratidzika kuva uye kuzvipira kune zvakavanzika munzvimbo yekuwana uye kushandisa? Zvingava. Australia inoda kubvisa mari mukati memakore gumi, uye mukudzoka, vagari vanopihwa rudzi rwenyika bitcoin.