Diesel injini - yakasarudzika imwe nzira kune peturu injini

Rudolf Alexander Diesel anonzi ndiye akagadzira dhiziri, iyo yaive yekutanga injini dzakadai se2.0 TDI, 1.9 TDI, 1.6 TDI uye 1.6 HDI. Akashanda pakuzvibatisa dhiraivha. Aida kuti basa rake rishande zvakanyanya kudarika mishonga yepeturu inozivikanwa kusvika pari zvino. Pakutanga, dhiziri yaisashandiswa mumotokari dzinotakura vanhu, asi mungarava dzemugungwa uye muzvitima. Yekutanga yakazara yakazara dhizaini yekirasi iyi, inoshandiswa mumotokari dzine mavhiri, ndiyo yakaiswa paMercedes-Benz 260 D.

Diesel injini kukura mumakore

Kutanga kwekugadzirwa muna 1936 kwakatungamirira kune simba rekusimudzira injini yedhiziri.. Makore maviri chete gare gare, nhamba yakabudiswa "Mercedes" ine simba chikwata yakasvika 2000 mayuniti. Ma50 ndiwo aive zuva rehunyanzvi hwetekinoroji nyowani seimwe nzira yekugadzirisa peturu. Zvakanakira zvemagadzirirwo einjini iyi zvaionekwa sekupona kwavo kwakanyanya uye kuderera kwemafuta ekushandisa, kunyanya pamadaro marefu. 1978 - zuva rekugadzirwa kwemotokari yekutanga ine injini ine imwe turbine, i.e. turbodiesel. Yaiva French Peugeot 604.

Iyo 1985 Fiat Croma uye 1997 Alfa Romeo JTD, ese akashongedzerwa jekiseni renjanji, anoonekwa kunge madzitateguru emotokari dzedhiziri dzemazuva ano. Parizvino, mhinduro idzi dziri kutsiviwa nemhando dzakasanganiswa uye dzemagetsi. Chimwe chezvikonzero matanho ezvakatipoteredza ane chinangwa chekubvisa zvachose indasitiri yemotokari yekubuda kweanokuvadza anopisa komisheni mumhepo. Zvisinei, kana uri kufunga nezvekutenga motokari ine simba redhiziri, ziva kuti motokari dzichangoburwa dzakashongedzerwa dzakasvibira zvikuru, dziine hutsi hushoma.

Dhizaini yeazvino injini dzedhiziri

Ndeapi magadzirirwo einjini dzedhiziri dzemazuva ano? Izvi hazvina kunyanya kusiyana nezvatingave takaziva kubva kuindasitiri yemotokari mumakumi emakore apfuura. Injini yedhiziri ine camshafts uye crankshafts, flywheel, yakakosha reverse-downing mechanism, pamwe nemapusher uye tsvimbo yekubatanidza. Iyo zvakare inogara iyo pre-kupisa kamuri, majekiseni, mhepo sefa uye silinda musoro system. Izvo zvinhu zvinotsigirwa nechikwata chevagadziri vemagetsi controllers.

Injini dzedhiziri dzinoshanda sei?

Mukushanda, iyo 2.0 HDI injini, kufanana nedzimwe injini dzedhiziri, inopisa musanganiswa wemafuta-mhepo. Kusiyana nemhinduro dzepeturu, haidi kuti moto upfure nekuti zvinongoitika zvoga. Mhepo yakamanikidzwa inosvetwa mucylinder kubva kunze uye inopisa kusvika pakupisa kwakanyanya mukati me700-900.^oC. Somugumisiro, musanganiswa unopisa uye mafuta anoiswa jekiseni. Iyi nheyo yekushanda inosanganiswa nezvinetso zvekutanga zvinotonhora mumatsutso nechando.

Yakavimbika uye ine hupfumi 1.9 TDI injini.

Pasina mubvunzo, imwe yeanonyanya kuvimbika powertrains ndiyo inogara uye yakaderera kugadzirisa 1.9 TDI injini yedhiziri. Dhiziri yekirasi iyi inowanzotaurwa nemakanika ane ruzivo semuenzaniso wekuvimbika. Chokwadi waigona kusangana naye pawaitsvaga mota. Iyo iconic dhizaini inoratidzira Turbo Direct Jekiseni. Pakutanga, pombi yejekiseni inotenderera ine seti yematanho maviri-nozzles yakashandiswa pano.

Mhinduro yetekinoroji yakagadziriswa nevainjiniya veVolkswagen yakashandura indasitiri yemotokari uye yakabvumira dhizaini inoshanda uye ine hupfumi. Mafuta mashoma anotendera kuti upe simba rakawanda pano. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo 1.9 TDI injini yatiri kutsanangura iDiesel, iri nyore kuchengeta uye isingaite kugadzirisa. Imwe yemotokari dzekutanga kwayakaisirwa yaive yengano Audi 80. Mumakore akatevera, yakaiswawo paSeat, Skoda uye Ford mota.

Ndezvipi zvisingabatsiri zve 1.9 TDI injini?

Kana iwe uchinetseka kana iyo yakakurumbira injini yedhiziri haina kukanganisa, saka ziva kuti iyo zvakare iri panjodzi yekutadza. Imwe yeanowanzo kutaurwa kutadza kweiyo 1.9 TDI injini kukanganisa kune jekiseni system. Iyo inoratidzwa nekuderera kunoonekwa kwesimba, uye panguva imwechete kuwedzera kwemafuta ekushandisa, pamwe neutsi hutema, hwakakora hunobva papombi yekupedza. Rimwe dambudziko ndiro EGR valve uye yakabatana mafuta kuvuza, uye panguva imwecheteyo kushaikwa kunoshanda kweiyo dynamics, iyo inotarirwa nematambudziko ane turbocharger.

Vatyairi vazhinji vanogunun'una pamusoro pemutengo wakakura wekugadzirisa injini ye1.9 TDI. Semuenzaniso, kutsiva turbine neseti yemajekiseni uye dual-mass flywheel kunodhura kunyange zviuru zvezł. Imwe nzira munyaya iyi inogona kunge iri basa rekugadzirisa kwakaoma kwehurongwa. Rangarira, zvisinei, kuti kazhinji kuputsika kwakataurwa kazhinji kazhinji hakukonzerwi nekuremara kwefekitari, asi nekushanda kusina kunaka uye kuchengetwa kwemotokari namakanika asina ruzivo rwokuzviwanira. Nechikonzero ichi, zvakakodzera kutarisa tekinoroji mamiriro ekutyaira nguva nenguva.

Zvakanakira uye kuipa kweinjini dizeli

Imwe yemabhenefiti makuru einjini dzedhiziri kuderedzwa kwemafuta panzendo refu. Izvo hazvina kufananidzwa kana zvichienzaniswa nepeturu kana LPG injini. Izvo zvinofanirwawo kucherechedzwa iyo yakakwirira torque uye yakanakisa dynamics, yakatowanikwa paanenge 2000 rpm. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kutyaira, kupfuura uye kuwana kusingadzoreki kutyaira mafaro. Izvo hazvina kujairika kuwedzera chibereko kuburikidza nesoftware shanduko padanho remagetsi control system.

Kunyanya kusakosha kwemayuniti edhiziri emhando yeinjini ye2.0 HDI ndiyo mutengo wekutenga wakakwira zvichienzaniswa nemhinduro dzetekinoroji dzinoshanda papeturu. Izvi zvinogumawo nepamusoro pekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa mari. Tsika yebasa haisati yasvikawo. Iwe unogona kunyatsonzwa mutsauko mukushanda kukuru kweiyo drive system. Dhizaini yeinjini yedhiziri zvakare yakaoma. Zvinhu zvinonyanya kunetseka ndezvi:

• turbocharger;
• particulate filter DPF;
• EGR mavharuvhu uye zvakajairika njanji majekiseni.

Diziri rapera here?

Kuparara kwakakomba uye kugadzirisa kunodhura kweinjini dzedhiziri ndezvimwe zvenharo dzinowanzopokana nemhinduro dzedhiziri. Chimiro chavo chakaoma chinovaita kuti vatambudzike kune dzakawanda zvikanganiso zvinoda kupindira kweane ruzivo makanika. Kazhinji chikonzero chavo ndechekushanda kwemaguta, izvo zvinosanganiswa nekutyaira pane underheated drive unit. Yeuka kuti muguta uye munzendo pfupi, kunyanya mumatsutso uye munguva yechando, motokari ine injini ye petrol ichava sarudzo iri nani.

Iyo inonyanya kutadza injini yedhiziri ndeye exhaust gasi kurapwa system

Pakati pezvinonyanya kutaurwa kukanganisa muinjini dzedhiziri pane hurema mune advanced exhaust gasi yekuchenesa masisitimu. Basa ravo nderekudzikisa kubuda kwenitrogen oxides nezvimwe zvinokuvadza mumhepo. SCR masisitimu kana DPF mafirita zvinogoneka kuderedza huwandu hweasingadiwe anoputika makomisheni anobuda mumagasi ekupedza. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanopera mushure memakumi emakumi kana mazana ezviuru zvemakiromita, zvichienderana nemafambisirwo emotokari. Chinhu chakavharika chinogona kutsiviwa, kucheneswa kana kugadziriswa nebasa rehunyanzvi.

Kutadza kweturbocharger muinjini yedhiziri

Chimwe chinhu chiri pasi pekutadza kazhinji muinjini dzedhiziri ndiyo turbocharger uye nemidziyo yayo. Dynamic, kutyaira kwemitambo muguta nekukurumidza mushure mekutanga injini yedhiziri ine mhedzisiro yakaipa pakushanda uye mamiriro eiyo turbine. Mhedzisiro ndeye kukanganisa muhurongwa hwekudya, izvo zvinosanganiswa nekugadzirisa kunodhura kana kuvandudzwa. Mutengo wekugadzirisa unogona kusiyana kubva kune mashoma kusvika kune akati wandei zviuru zlotys. Panyaya yemotokari dzakawanda dzekare, izvi hazvina maturo. Naizvozvo, iwe unofanirwa kutarisira iko iko kushanda kwesimba remagetsi, uye sarudza imwe mota yemujaho wemugwagwa.

Kukanganisa mujekiseni system mumajini edhiziri

Iyo jekiseni system nderimwe banga raungasangana naro kana uine mota yedhiziri. Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoita kuti jekiseni rikundikane. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvakaderera-mhando yemafuta, kuchengetwa neasina ruzivo makanika, pamwe nekushandiswa kwerash chip tuning. Mazano anogonawo kuvharwa nekusachena nenzira yesimbi filings. Kune zvakare kutsva kwemakoiri ekubatidza uye kudonha kubva pasi pezvisimbiso. Mutengo wekugadzirisa unowanzo kubva pamazana mashoma kusvika kune zviuru zvezloty.

Swirl flaps uye EGR 

Chimwe chinhu chakakosha kutaurwa ndeye swirl flaps uye EGR. Basa ravo ndere kuve nechokwadi chekubuda kwakadzikira kweanokuvadza anokuvadza makomisheni uye, nekudaro, kuenderana nemamiriro ekunze. 

Flywheel mu1.6 HDI uye 1.9 TDI

Chikamu chekupedzisira chinowanikwa muzvikamu zvakawanda senge 1.6 HDI kana 1.9 TDI ndiyo Dual Mass Flywheel. Iri idambudziko kune varidzi vemotokari dzakura kupfuura makore gumi ine injini yedhiziri. Chikonzero chekutadza kwayo kazhinji kazhinji kutyaira nekumhanya kwakaderera. Mutengo wekugadzirisa unogona kudarika 1000 euros

Sarudzo pakati pe diesel ne petrol injini

Sarudzo pakati pedhiziri nepeturu idambudziko risingaperi kune varidzi vemota, mavan uye marori. Kana iwe zvakare uchinetseka kuti ndeipi dhizaini ingave yakakunakira iwe, isu tichaedza kukupa iwe mamwe mazano. 

1. Chekutanga, unofanirwa kufunga kuti mangani makiromita auchafamba mugore. Kana uchange uchityaira zvakanyanya mumugwagwa, injini yedhiziri yakaita se1.6 HDI kana 1.9 TDI isarudzo yakanaka. 
2. Zvisinei, kana ukaronga kufamba zvikuru muguta kwezvinhambwe zvishoma, ipapo motokari ine peturu injini ichava yakanakisisa kutenga.
3. Kushandiswa kwemafuta kwakaderera, kunyanya panzendo refu, ndeimwe mukana unokurudzira vashandisi kuti vasarudze mota dzedhiziri. Zvakanakira zvinonyanya kuoneka kana uchifunga magadzirirwo ane simba remazana akati wandei hp. Kushandiswa kwemafuta edhiziri kunobva kwadzikira zvakanyanya kana ichienzaniswa nemotokari ine maitiro akafanana, asi ine injini yepeturu. 
4. Kana iwe uine hanya nezvezvakatipoteredza, iwe unofanirwa kusarudza imwe yemhando nyowani, iyo inezve dizeli particulate mafirita akaiswa. Vanotevedzera chiyero chezvakatipoteredza uye vanobatsira kuderedza kuburitswa kwezvinhu zvinoputika mumhepo.

Chii chimwe chandinofanira kutarisa kana ndichitenga motokari yedhiziri?

Paunenge uchifunga kutenga motokari ine injini yedhiziri, zvakakosha kubhadhara kwete chete kumari yekushanda kwezuva nezuva, asiwo kugadzirisa nguva nenguva uye kugadzirisa. Iwo akanyanya kukwirira kupfuura einjini dzepeturu. Zvisinei, dzinowanzomuka semugumisiro wekugadzirisa kusina kunaka nemakanika asina ruzivo, uye panguva imwechete kusaregeredza kwevashandisi pachavo. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, motokari yakadaro inofanira kugadziriswa chete nenyanzvi dzinovimbwa dzine ruzivo rwakakodzera. Nenzira iyi, iwe unodzivirira kutsiva kunodhura kweiyo dual mass flywheel, DPF sefa kana EGR mavharuvhu.

Yakavimbika uye yakaderera-kugadzirisa TDI injini

Hapana mubvunzo kuti TDI neHDI injini dzakasimba uye dzakachipa kumhanya. Diesel units inoratidzirwa nekushomeka kwemafuta, kunyanya kana uchityaira zvine hupfumi munzira dzakareba dzemumba neyekunze. Panguva imwecheteyo, ivo havana dambudziko pane mota dzepeturu dzine imwe LPG yekumisikidza. Ndidzo sarudzo dzakakodzera sezvikepe uye mota dzekambani. Ivowo vanowanzosarudzwa nemakambani ekuvaka.

Nekuda kwekuoma kweinjini dzedhiziri dzemazuva ano, dzinogona kudhura kuchengetedza kupfuura injini dzepeturu. Ichi chokwadi chinofanira kuverengerwa kana uchifunga nezvekutengwa kwemota nyowani kana yakashandiswa. Kunyanya mune yekupedzisira kesi uye pamotokari dzine mileage yakakwira, kuwedzeredza kwe cylinder block kunogona kudikanwa. Usati wapedza kutengeserana, iwe unofanirwa kuenda kune iri pedyo yekuongorora chiteshi uye tarisa tekinoroji mamiriro emota yauri kufarira.