Dzidziso yekushandisa iyo Regia Aeronautica

Dzidziso yekushandiswa kweRegia Aeronautica. Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 - yekutanga bhomba uye ndege dzekutakura dzeItaly mauto ndege yemakore ekuma1935. 1938 yakavakwa pakati pa535-1936. Miedzo yehondo yakaitika munguva yeHondo yeVanhu veSpain (1939-XNUMX).

Mukuwedzera kune USA, Great Britain neSoviet Union, Italy yakaitawo mupiro wakakura mukuvandudza dzidziso yekushandiswa kwehondo yekubhururuka. Nheyo dzekuvandudzwa kwekushanda kwemhepo dzakaiswa neItaly General Giulio Douhet, theorists yeDouhet's strategic air operations muGreat Britain, semukuru weRoyal Air Force Staff College, Brig. Edgar Ludlow-Hewitt. Basa raDouhet rakavawo nepesvedzero mukusimudzirwa kwedzidziso yeAmerica yemaitiro ekufambisa kwendege, kunyangwe maAmerican vaive neyavo nyanzvi yedzidziso - William "Billy" Mitchell. Zvisinei, maItaly pachavo havana kutevera nzira yekushandisa dzidziso yaDouhet kugadzira dzidziso yavo yekushandiswa. Regia Aeronautica yakagamuchira sarudzo dzedzidziso dzakarongwa naColonel Amadeo Mecozzi, mukuru mudiki kuna Douhet, uyo akasimbisa kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi kwesimba remhepo, kunyanya.

kutsigira mauto nemauto emugungwa.

Iro theoretical basa reGiulio Due ndiyo yekutanga dzidziso yekushandiswa kwemauto emuchadenga mumabasa ehunyanzvi, akazvimirira kubva kune mamwe matavi emauto. Mumakwara ake, kunyanya, British Bomber Command yakatevera, iyo, nekurwiswa kwemaguta eGermany, yakaedza kukanganisa mararamiro evanhu veGermany uye inotungamirira kukugadzirisa kweHondo Yenyika Yechipiri nenzira yakafanana neHondo Yenyika yapfuura. MaAmerican akaedzawo kuputsa muchina wehondo yeGerman nekubhomba zvivakwa zveindasitiri zveThird Reich. Gare gare, nguva ino nebudiriro huru, kuedza kwakaitwa kudzokorora zvimwe chetezvo neJapan. MuUSSR, dzidziso yaDouai yakagadziriswa neSoviet theorist Alexander Nikolaevich Lapchinsky (1882-1938) isati yawirwa nekutya kweStalinist.

Douai nebasa rake

Giulio Due akaberekwa musi waMay 30, 1869 muCaserta, pedyo neNaples, mumhuri yemukuru uye mudzidzisi. Akapinda muGenoa Military Academy achiri mudiki uye muna 1888, aine makore gumi nemapfumbamwe, akakwidziridzwa kuita lieutenant wechipiri muuto rezvombo. Atova mupurisa, akapedza kudzidza kubva kuPolytechnic University yeTurin aine dhigirii reinjiniya. Aive mukuru ane chipo, uye muna 19, aine chinzvimbo cheCaptain G. Due, akagadzwa kuve General Staff.

Douai akatanga kufarira zvendege muna 1905 apo Italy yakatenga ndege yayo yekutanga. Ndege yekutanga yeItaly yakabhururuka muna 1908, iyo yakawedzera kufarira kwaDouai mumikana mitsva inopiwa nendege. Makore maviri gare gare, akanyora, kuti: “Denga nokukurumidza richava nhandare yehondo inokosha senyika negungwa. (...) Nekuwana hukuru hwemhepo chete tichakwanisa kushandisa mukana unotipa mukana wekugadzirisa rusununguko rwekuita kwemuvengi pamusoro penyika. Douai aiona ndege sechombo chinovimbisa maererano nendege, umo akasiyana nemukuru wake, Colonel Duai. Maurizio Moris anobva kuAviation Inspectorate yeItaly Land Forces.

Kunyangwe 1914 asati asvika, Douai akadana kuumbwa kwendege sebazi rakazvimirira remauto, achirairwa nemutyairi wendege. Panguva imwecheteyo panguva iyi, Giulio Due akava shamwari naGianni Caproni, mugadziri wendege ane mukurumbira uye muridzi weCaproni Aviation company, yaakavamba muna 1911.

Muna 1911, Italy yakanga iri muhondo neTurkey nokuda kwekutonga kweLibhiya. Munguva yehondo iyi, ndege dzakatanga kushandiswa kuhondo. Musi waNovember 1, 1911, Lieutenant Giulio Gravotta, achibhururuka neEltrich Taube yakagadzirwa kuGermany, akakanda mabhomba emhepo kekutanga pamauto eTurkey munharaunda yeZadr neTachiura. Muna 1912, Douai, uyo panguva iyoyo akanga ari mukuru, akapiwa basa rekunyora mushumo pamusoro pemikana yekuvandudzwa kwendege, zvichienderana nekuongorora kwezvakaitika zvehondo yeLibya. Panguva iyoyo, pfungwa yaivepo yaive yekuti kubhururuka kwendege kwaigona kungoshandiswa pakuongorora zvikwata uye zvikamu zvemauto epasi. Douai akakurudzira kushandisa ndege iyi pakuziva, kurwisa dzimwe ndege mumhepo.

uye yekubhomba.

Muna 1912, G. Douhet akatora mutungamiri weItaly air battalion muTurin. Nguva pfupi pashure pacho, akanyora bhuku rezvokufambisa zvendege, Mitemo Yekushandiswa Kwendege muHondo, iro rakatenderwa, asi vakuru vaDouhet vakamurambidza kushandisa shoko rokuti “midziyo yehondo” kureva ndege, kuitsiva ne“zvombo zvehondo.” "Kubva panguva iyoyo, kupopotedzana kwaDouhet nevakuru vake kwakatanga, uye maonero aDouhet akatanga kunzi "akanyanya."

Muna Chikunguru 1914, Douai aive Mukuru weVashandi veEdolo Infantry Division. Mwedzi gare gare, Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga yakatanga, asi Italy kwenguva yakaramba isina kwayakarerekera. Muna December 1914, Douai, uyo akanga afanotaura kuti hondo yakanga ichangotanga yaizova yakareba uye inodhura, akanyora imwe nyaya inodaidzira kuwedzera kwendege yeItaly, achitarisira kuti yaizoita basa guru mukurwisana kweramangwana. Nechekare muchinyorwa chataurwa, Douai akanyora kuti kuwana hukuru hwemhepo kunosanganisira kukwanisa kurwisa kubva mumhepo chero chinhu cheboka remuvengi pasina kukanganisa zvakanyanya. Muchinyorwa chinotevera, akafunga kugadzira boka remabhomba mazana mashanu kuti varwise zvakakosha zvakanyanya, zvakavanzika zvinangwa kune imwe nyika. Douai akanyora kuti boka rambotaurwa remabhomba rinogona kudonhedza matani 500 emabhomba pazuva.

Muna 1915, Italy yakapinda muhondo, iyo, kufanana neWestern Front, yakakurumidza kuva hondo yehondo. Douai akashora General Staff yeItaly nekurwa hondo nenzira dzechinyakare. Kare muna 1915, Douai akatumira matsamba akati wandei kuGeneral Staff aine kutsoropodza uye zvikumbiro zvekuchinja hurongwa. Akataura, semuenzaniso, kutanga kurova kwemhepo kuTurkey Constantinople kuitira kumanikidza Turkey kuvhura Dardanelles yezvikepe zveEntente nyika. Akatotumira tsamba dzake kuna General Luigi Cardone, mukuru wemauto eItaly.