Reconnaissance matangi TK uye TKS
Reconnaissance matangi (tankettes) TK-3 yePolish Mauto panguva dzakaremerwa maparade panguva yezororo renyika.
Pakazara, munaSeptember 1939, anenge 500 tankettes TK-3 uye TKS akaenda kumberi muzvikamu zvePolish Army. Zvinoenderana nerondedzero yezvishandiso zvepamutemo, matangi eTKS ekucherekedza ndiwo aive akanyanya kuwanda mhando yemotokari dzakaiswa mumatangi muuto rePoland. Zvisinei, uku kwaive kuwedzeredza nekuda kwehurombo hwavo hwezvombo uye zvombo.
Musi waChikunguru 28, 1925, panzvimbo yekudzidzira muRembertow pedyo neWarsaw, kuratidzira kwevakuru veEngineering Supply Department of the War Ministry (MSVoysk), the Armored Weapons Command of the War Ministry yakaitika. nemotokari yakareruka yeCarden-Loyd Mark VI Military Research Engineering Institute ine muviri wakavhurika wekambani yeBritish Vickers Armstrong Ltd., yakapakatira pfuti inorema. Motokari, ine vashandi vaviri, yakafamba munzvimbo dzakaipa, ichikunda zvipingamupinyi zvewaya dzine minzwa, pamwe chete nemakoronga nezvikomo. Akaita bvunzo yekumhanyisa uye kugona, pamwe nehunyanzvi hwemakina nepfuti yemuchina. "Kusimba" kwemakwara, ayo aigona kufamba kusvika 3700 km, akasimbiswa.
Zvakanaka bvunzo dzemumunda zvakakonzera kutengwa kwemichina gumi yakadai muUK uye kuwana rezinesi rekugadzira kwavo gore risati rapera. Nekudaro, nekuda kweiyo yakashata dhizaini uye tekinoroji paramita yeCarden-Loyd Mk VI, mota mbiri chete dzakadaro dzakavakwa paState Machine-Building Plant muWarsaw (inonzi "X" musiyano) uye mota ine zvombo senge Carden-Loyd yakagadzirwa uye yakazogadzirwa, asi yakavharwa nekuti makomo uye zvakanyanya kufambira mberi - akakurumbira matangi ekucherekedza (tankettes) TK uye TKS.
Mota Carden-Loyd Mk VI dzakashandiswa muuto rePolish seyekuyedza uyezve kudzidzisa michina. Muna July 1936, dzimwe motokari gumi dzorudzi urwu dzakaramba dziri muzvikwata zvehondo, zvakagadzirirwa kudzidzisa.
Muna 1930, maprototypes ekutanga echiPolish wedges akagadzirwa uye akaiswa pasi pekuedzwa kwemunda, izvo zvakagamuchira mazita TK-1 uye TK-2. Mushure mekuedza uku, muna 1931, kugadzirwa kwehuwandu hwemuchina kwakatanga, iyo yakagamuchira zita rokuti TK-3. Magadzirirwo akaitwa nemainjiniya ekuPoland akaita kuti muchina uyu uve nani pane dhizaini yekutanga yeCarden-Loyd Mk VI. Iyo tankette TK-3 - yakatumidzwa zviri pamutemo muzita remauto se "tangi rekucherekedza" - yakagamuchirwa neuto rePoland muzhizha ra1931.
Tankette TK-3 yakanga yakareba kureba 2580 mm, hupamhi 1780 mm uye kureba 1320 mm. Ground clearance yaive 300 mm. Huremu hwemuchina i2,43 matani.Kupamhama kwenzira dzakashandiswa i140 mm. Vashandi vacho vaiva vanhu vaviri: mukuru wepfuti, akagara kurudyi, uye mutyairi akagara kuruboshwe.
z inogadzirwa kubva kumapepa akakwenenzverwa akakwenenzverwa. Kukora kumberi kwaive kubva pa6 kusvika pa8 mm, kumashure kwakafanana. Nhumbi dzemativi dzaiva nehupamhi hwe 8 mm, nhumbi dzokurwa dzepamusoro uye pasi - kubva pa3 kusvika ku4 mm.
Tankette TK-3 yaive ne4-stroke Ford A carburetor injini ine vhoriyamu inoshanda ye3285 cm³ uye simba re40 hp. pa 2200 rpm. Kutenda kwaari, pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, tankette yeTK-3 inogona kusvika pakumhanya kusvika ku46 km / h. Zvisinei, kukurumidza kushanda kwekufamba mumugwagwa usina tsvina kwaiva anenge 30 km / h, uye mumigwagwa yemunda - 20 km / h. Panzvimbo yakati sandara uye yakati sandara, tankette yakagadzira kumhanya kwe18 km/h, uye munzvimbo ine zvikomo uye ine makwenzi - 12 km/h. Tangi yemafuta yakanga ine simba re60 litres, iyo yakapa rwendo rwekufamba kwe200 km mumugwagwa uye 100 km mumunda.
TK-3 yaigona kukunda chikomo chine mutsetse wakanyatsobatanidzwa nekudzika kusvika ku42 °, pamwe chete negomba rinosvika mamita 1. Muhupo hwezvipingamupinyi zvemvura, tankette yaigona kukunda nyore mazambuko 40 cm yakadzika ( kunze kwekuti pasi paive pakaoma zvakakwana). Nekutyaira zvine kukurumidza, zvaigoneka kukurira mazambuko anosvika 70 cm kudzika, asi kutarisirwa kwaifanira kutorwa kuitira kuti mvura isapinda nepakati pemvura inodonha uye mafashama injini. Iyo tankette yakapfuura nemakwenzi nemakwenzi madiki - hunde kusvika 10 cm muhupamhi, mota yakakungurutswa kana kuputsika. Hunde dzakarara nehupamhi hwe 50 cm inogona kuve chipingamupinyi chisingakundiki. Motokari yakanyatsogadzirisa zvivharo - iyo yakaderera yakatsikirirwa pasi netangi yakapfuura, uye iyo yakakwirira yakaparadzwa nayo. Iyo yekutendeuka radius ye tankette haina kupfuura 2,4 m, uye chaiyo yekumanikidza yaive 0,56 kg / cm².
Zvombo zvaitaurwa zveTK-3 yaive pfuti inorema wz. 25 ine zvombo, 1800 kutenderera (15 mabhokisi e120 anotenderera mumatepi). Motokari dzeTK-3 dzaigona kupfura zvinobudirira pakufamba kubva kure kusvika kumamita 200. Payakamiswa, pfuti inoshanda yakawedzera kusvika pamamita 500. Mukuwedzera, dzimwe dzemotokari dzakatakurwa neBrowning wz pfuti dzemuchina. 28. Kurutivi rworudyi rwetankette TK-3 pakanga pane pfuti inorwisa ndege, iyo yaigona kuiswa semuchina unorema wz. 25, pamwe nepfuti yemuchina wakareruka wz. 28. zvakaenzana
Mushure mekugadzirwa kwe serial kweiyo yekutanga vhezheni yeTK-3, iyo yakagara kusvika 1933 uye panguva iyo inenge 300 michina yakavakwa, zvidzidzo zvezvinobvamo zvakaitwa. Sechikamu chezviitiko izvi, prototype modhi dzakagadzirwa:
TKW - ngoro ine inotenderera muchina pfuti turret,
TK-D - pfuti dzakareruka dzinozvifambisa dzine 47-mm cannon, mune yechipiri vhezheni ine 37-mm Pyuto cannon,
TK-3 imotokari yakashongedzerwa nepfuti inorema kwazvo ye20 mm,
TKF - motokari yemazuva ano ine injini yeFiat 122B (kubva murori yeFiat 621), panzvimbo yeinjini yeFord A. Muna 1933, motokari gumi nesere dzemhando iyi dzakavakwa.
Chiitiko chesevhisi yekurwa yeTK-3 tankettes yakaratidza iwo chaiwo mikana yekuwedzera kugadziridzwa kunokanganisa kushanda kwemuchina uyu. Mukuwedzera, muna 1932, Poland yakasaina chibvumirano pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwemvumo yeFiat motokari, iyo yakabvumira kushandiswa kwezvikamu zveItaly nemagungano pakugadzirisa tankette. Kuedza kwekutanga kwerudzi urwu kwakaitwa mushanduro yeTKF, kutsiva injini yeFord A ine injini ine simba 6 hp Fiat 122B. kubva kurori yeFiat 621. Shanduko iyi yaisanganisirawo kukosha kwekusimbisa kutapurirana uye kumiswa.
Mhedzisiro yebasa revagadziri veState Bureau yeKutsvagisa kweMuchina-Kuvaka Zvidyarwa kwaive kusikwa kwetangi rakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya TKS, iro rakatsiva TK-3. Shanduko dzakakanganisa dzinenge muchina wese - chassis, kutapurirana uye muviri - uye iwo makuru aive: kuvandudza nhumbi dzekurwa nekushandura chimiro chayo uye kuwedzera ukobvu hwayo; kuisirwa pfuti yemuchina mune yakakosha niche mujoko spherical, iyo yakawedzera munda wemoto mundege yakatwasuka; kuiswa kweinodzoreredzwa periscope yakagadzirwa naIng. Gundlach, nekuda kwekuti mutungamiri aigona kutevera zviri nani zviri kuitika kunze kwemotokari; kuiswa kweinjini itsva yeFiat 122B (PZInż. 367) ine simba guru; kusimbiswa kwezvinhu zvekumisa uye kushandiswa kwemakwara akafara; shanduko yekuisa magetsi. Nekudaro, semugumisiro wekuvandudza, kuwanda kwemuchina kwakawedzera ne 220 kg, izvo zvakakanganisa mamwe maitiro ekudhonza. Seri yekugadzirwa kweTKS tankette yakatanga muna 1934 uye yakaenderera kusvika 1936. Yakazovakwa ingangoita mazana maviri nemakumi masere emichina iyi.
Pahwaro hweTKS, iyo C2P artillery tarakita yakagadzirwawo, iyo yakaitwa yakawanda-yakagadzirwa muna 1937-1939. Munguva iyi, inenge 200 michina yemhando iyi yakagadzirwa. Tarakita yeC2P yaive yakareba masendimita makumi mashanu kupfuura tankette. Shanduko diki dzinoverengeka dzakaitwa pamagadzirirwo ayo. Motokari iyi yakagadzirirwa kudhonza 50mm wz. 40, anti-tangi pfuti caliber 36 mm wz. 36 nemakaravhani ane zvombo.
Panguva imwe chete nekuvandudzwa kwekugadzirwa, matangi ekucherekedza TKS akatanga kuverengerwa mumichina yekucherekedza zvikamu zvemauto emauto ePolish Army. Basa rakanga richiitwawo pamashanduro ezvinyorwa. Nzira huru yebasa iri yaiva yekuwedzera moto we tankettes, saka kuedza kuvabata nekanoni ye 37 mm kana pfuti inorema 20 mm. Kushandiswa kwekupedzisira kwakapa zvibereko zvakanaka, uye motokari dzinenge 20-25 dzakagadzirirwa zvakare nemhando iyi yezvombo. Nhamba yakarongwa yemotokari dzakarongedzerwa yaifanirwa kuva yakawanda, asi hutsinye hweGermany pamusoro pePoland hwakadzivisa kuitwa kwechinangwa ichi.
Midziyo yakakosha yakagadziridzwa zvakare yeTKS tankettes muPoland, inosanganisira: trailer yepasirese inotevedzwa, turera ine chiteshi cheredhiyo, ine mavhiri "yekutakura nzira" chassis uye chitima chekushandisa muzvitima zvine zvombo. Midziyo miviri yekupedzisira yaifanirwa kuvandudza kufamba kwemaweji mumugwagwa mukuru uye panjanji. Muzviitiko zvese izvi, mushure mekunge tankette yapinda mune yakapihwa chassis, dhiraivha yegungano rakadaro yakaitwa neinjini ye tankette kuburikidza nemidziyo yakakosha.
MunaGunyana 1939, sechikamu chemauto ePoland, angangoita mazana mashanu ematangi TK-500 uye TKS (mauto ehondo, akaparadzana makambani ematangi ekucherekedza uye mauto ezvombo achibatana nezvitima zvehondo) akaenda kumberi.
Muna Nyamavhuvhu naGunyana 1939, mauto ezvombo akaunganidza zvikamu zvinotevera zvine TK-3 wedges:
The 1st Armored Battalion yakaungana:
Reconnaissance Tank Squadron Nhamba 71 inopihwa ku71st Armored Squadron yeGreater Poland Cavalry Brigade (Ar-
mia "Poznan")
Iyo 71st yakaparadzana reconnaissance tank kambani inopihwa kune yechigumi nemana yevacheche chikamu (Poznan mauto),
Iyo 72nd yakasiyana reconnaissance tank kambani yakagoverwa kuchikamu chegumi nenomwe chevacheche, gare gare pasi pechikamu chechi17 chevacheche (Poznan army);
The 2st Armored Battalion yakaungana:
Iyo 101st yakaparadzana reconnaissance tank kambani inopihwa yegumi yevatasvi vemabhiza brigade (uto reKrakow),
The reconnaissance tank squadron inopihwa kuchikwata chekucherekedza chegumi cheCavalry Brigade (Krakow Army);
The 4st Armored Battalion yakaungana:
Reconnaissance Tank Squadron Nhamba 91 inopiwa ku91st Armored Squadron yeNovogrudok Cavalry Brigade (Modlin Army),
91st Separate Reconnaissance Tank Kambani yakapihwa kugumi Infantry Division (Army Lodz),
92nd yakaparadzana tangi kambani
Intelligence inopihwawo ku10th Infantry Division (Army "Lodz");
The 5st Armored Battalion yakaungana:
Reconnaissance Tank Squadron
51 yakagoverwa ku51st Armored Squadron yeKrakow Cavalry Brigade (Ar-
ini "Krakow")
Iyo 51st Separate Reconnaissance Tank Kambani yakanamatira ku21st Mountain Rifle Division (Krakow Army),
52. Separate reconnaissance tank company, iyo inhengo yeboka rekushanda "Slensk" (mauto "Krakow");
The 8st Armored Battalion yakaungana:
Reconnaissance Tank Squadron
81 yakagoverwa ku81st Pan squadron.
Pomeranian cavalry brigade (mauto "Pomerania"),
Iyo 81st yakaparadzana reconnaissance tank kambani yakasungirirwa kuchikamu chegumi neshanu chevacheche (Pomerania army),
82nd yakaparadzana reconnaissance tank company sechikamu che26th infantry division (Poznan army);
The 10st Armored Battalion yakaungana:
41st Separate Reconnaissance Tank Kambani yakapihwa kugumi Infantry Division (Army Lodz),
Iyo 42nd yakaparadzana tangi reconnaissance kambani yakapihwa kuKresovskoy vatasvi vemabhiza brigade (mauto "Lodz").
Pamusoro pezvo, Iyo Armored Weapons Training Center muModlin yakaunganidza zvikamu zvinotevera:
Iyo 11th Reconnaissance Tank squadron inopihwa yegumi neimwe Armored Squadron yeMazovian Cavalry Brigade (Modlin Mauto),
Reconnaissance tank kambani yeWarsaw Defense Command.
Makambani ese akaunganidzwa uye mauto aive akashongedzerwa gumi nematatu tankette. Kunze kwaiva nekambani yakapiwa kuWarsaw Defence Command, iyo yaiva nemotokari 13 dzerudzi urwu.
Nekudaro, nezve tankettes TKS:
The 6st Armored Battalion yakaungana:
Reconnaissance Tank Squadron Nhamba 61 inopihwa ku61st Armored Squadron yeBorder Cavalry Brigade (Hondo "Lodz"),
Reconnaissance Tank Squadron Nhamba 62 inopihwa ku62nd Armored Squadron yePodolsk Cavalry Brigade (Hondo.
"Poznan")
Iyo 61st Separate Reconnaissance Tank Company yakapihwa 1st Mountain Rifle Brigade (Krakow Army),
62nd Yakaparadzana Reconnaissance Tank Kambani, yakanamatira ku20th Rifle Division (Modlin Army),
The 63rd Separate Reconnaissance Tank Company yakabatanidzwa ku8th Infantry Division (Modlin Army);
The 7st Armored Battalion yakaungana:
The 31st Reconnaissance Tank squadron inopihwa ku31st Armored Squadron yeSuval Cavalry Brigade (Separate Task Force "Narev"),
Iyo 32nd Reconnaissance Tank Squadron inopihwa ku32nd Armored Squadron yePodlasie Cavalry Brigade (Separate Operational Boka Narew),
Iyo yechimakumi matatu nenhatu Reconnaissance Tank squadron inopihwa ku33rd Armored Squadron yeVilnius Cavalry Brigade.
(mauto e "Prussia"),
Iyo 31st yakaparadzana reconnaissance tank kambani inopihwa kune yechigumi nemana yevacheche chikamu (Poznan mauto),
32nd yakaparadzana reconnaissance tank kambani ine 10th infantry division (mauto "Lodz");
The 12st Armored Battalion yakaungana:
21st Reconnaissance Tangi Squadron sechikamu che21st Armored Squadron yeVolyn Cavalry Brigade.
(Mauto "Lodz").
Pamusoro pezvo, Iyo Armored Weapons Training Center muModlin yakaunganidza zvikamu zvinotevera:
11th reconnaissance tank kambani yakapihwa Warsaw armored brigade
ndiye mutungamiri)
Reconnaissance tank squadron yeWarsaw Armored Brigade.
Zvikwata zvese zvakaunganidzwa, makambani nezvikwata zvezvikwata zvaive zvine gumi nematatu tankettes.
Pamusoro pezvo, 1st Armored Train Squadron kubva kuLegionowo uye 1st Armored Train Squadron kubva kuNiepolomice vakaunganidza matangi kudzikisa zvitima zvine zvombo.
Kufungidzira kwekushandiswa kwematannettes mumushandirapamwe wePolish we1939 kwakasiyana, kazhinji kuzviisa pasi, izvo zvinowedzera zvishoma kune ruzivo rwakakosha nezvemuchina uyu. Kana vakapiwa mabasa avakasikirwa (njere, reconnaissance, etc.), saka vakaita basa rakanaka. Zvakanga zvakanyanya kuipa apo matangi madiki aifanira kupinda muhondo yakananga, izvo zvaisatarisirwa kwavari. Panguva iyoyo, vakatambura kakawanda kubva simba muvengi, 10 mm nhumbi dzokurwa akanga diki chipingamupinyi kuGermany mabara, tisingatauri mabhomba cannon. Mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro aive akajairika, kunyanya apo, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwedzimwe mota dzakashongedzerwa, tankettes dzeTKS dzaifanira kutsigira mauto ehondo.
Mushure mekupera kwehondo dzeSeptember 1939, nhamba huru ye tankettes yakabatwa yakatorwa nemaGermany. Dzakawanda dzemotokari idzi dzakapihwa kumapurisa eGermany (nemamwe mauto edziviriro) ndokutumirwa kumauto enyika dzakabatana neGermany. Zvose izvi zvikumbiro zvakaonekwa nemurairo weGermany semabasa echipiri.
Mushure mekupera kweHondo Yenyika II, pakanga pasina kana tangi imwe chete yeTK-3 yekucherekedza, TKS kana C2P artillery tirakita mumamyuziyamu ePoland kusvika makore matatu. Kubva pakutanga kwemakumi mapfumbamwe, motokari idzi dzakatanga kusvika munyika yedu nenzira dzakasiyana, kubva kumativi akasiyana enyika. Nhasi, dzinoverengeka dzemotokari idzi ndedzemumyuziyamu yenyika uye vateresi vega.
Makore mashoma apfuura, kopi chaiyo yePolish tankette TKS yakagadzirwa zvakare. Mugadziri wayo aiva Zbigniew Nowosielski uye motokari inofamba inogona kuonekwa gore negore pazviitiko zvakawanda zvezvakaitika kare. Ndakabvunza Zbigniew Nowosielski kuti zano remuchina uyu rakazvarwa sei uye kuti rakagadzirwa sei (mushumo wakatumirwa muna Ndira 2015):
Makore matanhatu apfuura, mushure memwedzi yakati wandei yebasa rekuvakazve injini uye kutapurirana, tankette TKS yakasiya "yekuzvarwa tangi fekitori muPtaki" pasi pesimba rayo (yakadzoserwa muSweden nekuda kwekuedza kwehutungamiriri hwePoland. Mauto). museum muWarsaw).
Kufarira kwangu zvombo zvehondo zvePoland kwakatuswa nenyaya dzababa vangu, kaputeni. Henryk Novoselsky, uyo muna 1937-1939 akatanga kushanda mu4th Armored Battalion muBrzesta, uyezve mu91st Armored Squadron pasi pekuraira kwemukuru. Anthony Slivinsky akarwa muhondo yekudzivirira ye1939.
Muna 2005, baba vangu Henryk Novoselsky vakakokwa nehutungamiri hwePolish Army Museum kuti vabatane semupi wezano pakuvakwazve kwezvinhu zvezvombo uye midziyo yetangi yeTKS. Mhedzisiro yebasa rakaitwa paZM URSUS (boka raitungamirirwa nainjiniya Stanislav Michalak) rakaratidzwa paKielce arms exhibition (August 30, 2005). Panguva iyi, panguva yemusangano wevatori venhau, ndakataura nezve kudzoreredzwa kweinjini uye kuunza tangi reTKS kuzere kushanda.
Nekuda kwekubatana kwemuenzaniso kwevanoongorora mimhanzi, neruremekedzo rwevashandi vekutsvagisa veSiMR Dhipatimendi reWarsaw University of Technology uye kuzvipira kwevanhu vazhinji, tankette yakadzoserwa pakubwinya kwayo kwekare.
Mushure mekuratidzwa zviri pamutemo kwemotokari munaNovember 10, 2007, panguva yekupemberera Zuva reRusununguko, ndakakokwa kuKomiti Inoronga ye1935th National Scientific Symposium ine musoro unoti "The Historical Development of Vehicle Design" kuFaculty yeSIMR yeWarsaw. Yunivhesiti yeTekinoroji. PaSymposium, ndakapa hurukuro yakanzi "Tsanangudzo yemaitiro etekinoroji ekuvakazve injini, drive system, drive, suspension, steering and braking system, pamwe nemidziyo yeinjini uye zvinhu zvemukati zveTKS tank (XNUMX)" .
Kubva 2005, ndanga ndichitarisira basa rose rinotsanangurwa munyaya yacho, kuwana zvikamu zvisipo, kuunganidza zvinyorwa. Nekuda kwemashiripiti eInternet, timu yangu yakakwanisa kutenga akawanda emhando dzemotokari dzepakutanga. Chikwata chose chakashanda pakugadzira zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi. Isu takakwanisa kuwana akawanda makopi ezvinyorwa zvepakutanga zvetangi, kuronga uye kuona hukuru husipo. Pandakaona kuti zvinyorwa zvakaunganidzwa (madhirowa egungano, mapikicha, zvidhori, matemplate, se-akavakwa mifananidzo) zvaizonditendera kuunganidza mota yese, ndakafunga kuita chirongwa chinonzi "Kushandisa reverse engineering kugadzira kopi yeTKS wedge. ".
Kubatanidzwa kweMutungamiriri we Historic Automotive Reconstruction uye Technology Bureau, Eng. Rafal Kraevsky uye hunyanzvi hwake mukushandisa reverse engineering maturusi, pamwe nemakore angu mazhinji eruzivo mumusangano, zvakatungamira pakusikwa kwekopi yakasarudzika, iyo, yakaiswa padivi peiyo yekutanga, ichavhiringidza muongorori uye anotsvaka mhinduro. kumubvunzo. mubvunzo: "yekutanga chii?"
Nekuda kwehuwandu hwavo hwakakura, TK-3 neTKS matangi ekucherekedza yaive mota yakakosha yeuto rePoland. Nhasi vanoonekwa sechiratidzo. Makopi emotokari idzi anogona kuonekwa mumamyuziyamu uye pazviitiko zvekunze.
