Dornier Do 217 usiku uye pagungwa chikamu 3

Ndege itsva hadzina kumutsa chido, vatyairi vendege vakashoropodza kusimuka kwakaoma uye kumhara kwevarwi vakaremerwa. Simba shoma rakachengeterwa rakaita kuti zvisaite kuita zvinopinza mumhepo uye zvakaganhura mwero wekukwira nekumhanyisa. Kuremerwa kwepamusoro pamusoro pekubereka kwakaderedza kushandiswa kwakakodzera mukurwisana kwemhepo.

Muzhizha ra1942, kusvika ku217 J akatangawo basa muI., II. uye IV./NJG 3, kwavakapa michina yezvikwata zvemauto. Michina iyi yakatumirwawo kuchikwata chekudzidzira kurwisana NJG 101, chaishanda kubva munharaunda yeHungary.

Nekuti iyo Do 217 J, nekuda kwehukuru hwayo, yaive hwaro hwakanaka hwekukwira ina kana nhanhatu 151 mm MG 20/20 cannoni mubhatiri fuselage, seSchräge Musik, i.e. pfuti dzichipfura kumusoro pakona ye65-70 ° munzira yekubhururuka, munaGunyana 1942 yekutanga prototype Do 217 J-1, W.Nr. 1364 nezvombo zvakadaro. Muchina uyu wakaedzwa zvakabudirira kusvika pakutanga kwa1943 muna III./NJG 3. Ndege dzekugadzira dzakashongedzerwa nezvombo zveSchräge Musik dzakasarudzwa Do 217 J-1/U2. Ndege idzi dzakawana kukunda kwekutanga kwemhepo pamusoro peBerlin muna Chivabvu 1943. Pakutanga, mota dzakaenda kunoshongedza 3./NJG 3, uyezve kuStab IV./NJG 2, 6./NJG 4 uye NJG 100 uye 101.

Pakati pe1943, kugadziridzwa kutsva kweDo 217 H-1 uye H-2 night fighters kwakasvika kumberi. Ndege idzi dzaifambiswa neinline injini dzeDB 603. Ndege yakaendeswa kuNJG 2, NJG 3, NJG 100 neNJG 101. Musi waNyamavhuvhu 17, 1943, kusvika pa217 J/N yakapinda mumabasa ezuva nezuva achirwisa mabhomba eAmerica mana-injini airwisa. muSchweinfurt neMesserschmitt fekitori yendege muRegensburg. Vashandi veNJG 101 vakapfura matatu B-17 panguva yekurwiswa kwepamberi, uye Fw. Becker weI./NJG 6 akapfura bhomba rechina remhando imwe chete.

Ndege kubva kuNJG 100 ne101 dzakashandawo pamusoro peEastern Front dzichipesana neSoviet R-5 nePo-2 husiku mabhomba. Musi waKubvumbi 23, 1944, ndege ye4./NJG 100 yakapfura mabhomba matanhatu eIl-4.

MunaGunyana naGumiguru 1942, mana Do 217 J-1s akatengwa neItaly uye akapinda basa ne235th CN Squadron ye60th CN Group yakamira paLonate Pozzolo Airport. Muna Kukadzi 1943, maviri Do 217 J ane zviridzwa zveradar akaunzwa kuItaly, uye mamwe mashanu mumwedzi mitatu inotevera.

Kukunda kwemhepo chete kwakakundwa neItaly Do 217s usiku hwe16/17 Chikunguru 1943, apo mabhomba eBritish akarwisa Chislado hydroelectric plant. Lid. Aramis Ammannato akanyatso kupfura paLancaster, iyo yakadonha pedyo nemusha weVigevano. Pana July 31, 1943, maItaly aiva ne11 Do 217 Js, shanu dzacho dzakanga dzagadzirira kurwa. Pakazara, ndege yekuItaly yakashandisa michina gumi nemiviri yerudzi urwu.

Muchirimo cha1943, II./KG 100, iyo yanga ichishanda kubva kunhandare yendege yeKalamaki muAthens kwerinenge gore, yakabviswa muhondo, uye vashandi vayo vakaendeswa kunzvimbo yeHarz pachitsuwa cheUsedom, uko mauto aifanira kutamiswa. shongedzazve neDo 217 E-5 ndege. Panguva imwecheteyo, paSchwäbisch Hall airport, pahwaro hwevashandi veKGR. 21 yakaumbwa patsva seIII./KG 100, yaizove neDo 217 K-2.

Zvikwata zviviri izvi zvaifanira kudzidziswa uye kuva vekutanga muLuftwaffe kuve nezvombo nemabhomba anotungamirwa ePC 1400 X uye Hs 293. cylindrical plumage inorema 1400 kg. Mukati mune maviri musoro gyroscopes (imwe neimwe inotenderera nekumhanya kwe1400 rpm) uye kudzora michina. Muswe wedodecahedral wakabatanidzwa pahumburumbira. Kureba kwebharumu rine minhenga yaive 120 m. Zvimwe zvinodzikamisa zvakanamirwa kumutumbi webhomba muchimiro chemapapiro mana e trapezoidal ane span ye 29 m.

Muchikamu chemuswe, mukati meminhenga, maive nematracer mashanu aishanda seyamuro yekuona pakunangisa bhomba pane chakananga. Ruvara rwema tracers rwaigona kusarudzwa kuitira kuti mabhomba akati wandei ari mumhepo agone kusiyaniswa apo kuumbwa kwebhomba kwairwisa panguva imwe chete.

Iyo PC 1400 X bhomba yakadonhedzwa kubva kureba kwemamita 4000-7000. Padanho rekutanga rekubhururuka, bhomba rakadonha richitevedza ballistic trajectory. Panguva imwecheteyo, ndege yakaderera uye yakatanga kukwira, ichideredza zvikanganiso zvinokonzerwa neparallax. Anenge masekonzi 15 pashure pokunge bhomba rabudiswa, mucherekedzi akatanga kudzora kubhururuka kwaro, achiedza kuunza tracer inooneka yebhomba kwairi kupfurwa. Mushandi aidzora bhomba achishandisa masaisai eredhiyo kuburikidza neredhiyo yekudzora.

Midziyo yeredhiyo, inoshanda mu frequency range padhuze ne50 MHz pamatanho gumi nemasere akasiyana, yaisanganisira FuG 18 Kehl transmitter iri mundege uye FuG 203 Straßburg inogamuchira iri mukati memuswe chikamu chebhomba. Iyo control system yakaita kuti zvikwanise kugadzirisa kuburitswa kwebhomba ne +/- 230 m munzira yekubhururuka uye +/- 800 m munzira mbiri. Kuedza kwekutanga kumhara kwakaitwa paPeenemünde vachishandisa Heinkel He 400, uye vakatevera, muchirimo cha111, paFoggia base muItaly. Miedzo yakabudirira, inosvika 1942% mukana wekurova chinangwa che 50 x 5 m painodonhedzwa kubva pakakwirira ye 5 kusvika ku 4000 m. Kumhanya kwebhomba kwaiva anenge 7000 km / h. Iyo RLM yakaisa odha ye1000 Fritz Xs. Nekuda kwekunonoka kwakakonzerwa nekuchinja kwebhomba rekudzora system, kugadzirwa kwakatevedzana hakuna kutanga kusvika Kubvumbi 1000.

Prof. Dr. Mukupera kwema30, Herbert Wegner, aishanda pafekitari yeHenschel muBerlin-Schönefeld, akafarira mukana wekugadzira chinokandwa chinorwisa ngarava chaigona kudonhedzwa kubva kune bhomba kunze kwekusvika kwepfuti dzinorwisa ndege. zvikepe. Iyo dhizaini yaive yakavakirwa pa500-kg bhomba SC 500, kusanganisira 325 kg yekuputika, mutumbi waive pamberi peroketi, uye kumashure kwayo kwaive nemidziyo yeredhiyo, gyrocompass uye muswe unit. Mapapiro eTrapezoidal ane span ye 3,14 m akabatanidzwa kune chikamu chepakati chefuselage.

A Walter HWK 109-507 liquid-propellant rocket engine yakaiswa pasi pe fuselage, iyo yakamhanyisa rocket kusvika kumhanya kwe950 km / h muma 10. Nguva yekushanda kweinjini yakareba kusvika ku12 s, mushure mekushanda kwayo rocket rakashandurwa kuita bhomba rinotenderera richidzorwa nemirairo yeredhiyo.

Mayedzo ekutanga ekubhururuka kwebhomba rehover, yakasarudzwa Henschel Hs 293, yakaitwa muna Kukadzi 1940 kuKarlshagen. Hs 293 yakanga ine simba rinouraya rakaderera kupfuura Fritz X, asi mushure mekudonha kubva paurefu hwe8000 m, yaikwanisa kubhururuka kusvika makiromita gumi nematanhatu. Midziyo yekudzora yaisanganisira FuG 16 b Kehl III radio transmitter uye FuG 203 b Straßburg inogamuchira. Kudzora kwakaitwa pachishandiswa lever mucockpit. Kunongedza pachinangwa kwaifambiswa nematracer aiiswa mumuswe webhomba kana netochi raishandiswa usiku.

Mukati mekudzidziswa kwemwedzi mitatu, vashandi vacho vaifanira kugona midziyo mitsva, yakaita sendege yeDo 217, uye kugadzirira kurwisa vachishandisa mabhomba anotungamirirwa. Kosi yacho yainyanya kuvhara ndege dzenguva refu, pamwe chete nekutora uye kumhara nemutoro wakakwana, i.e. bhomba rinotungamirirwa pasi pebapiro rimwe uye imwezve 900 l tank pasi perimwe bapiro. Boka rimwe nerimwe rakaita husiku hunoverengeka uye nendege dzisina nzvimbo. Vacherechedzi vakarovedzwazve mukushandiswa kwezviridzwa zvinoshandiswa kudzora nzira yokubhururuka nayo yebhomba, kutanga mumienzaniso yepasi uye ipapo mumhepo vachishandisa mabhomba ekudzidzira asingatakurwi.

Vashandi vacho vakatorawo nzira yekuparara mukufamba kwekudenga, vakuru veKriegsmarine vakaunza vatyairi vezvikepe zvegungwa uye vakadzidza kuziva marudzi akasiyana ezvikepe uye ngarava kubva mumhepo. Vatyairi vendege vakashanyirawo zvikepe zveKriegsmarine zvakati wandei kuti vadzidze nezvehupenyu muchikepe uye vazvionere vega kukanganisa kwekugadzira. Chimwe chinhu chekudzidzira chaive chiitiko chekuzvibata pakumhara pamvura uye nzira dzekupona mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Kumhara nekudzika kwemapontoon ane chigaro chimwe chete nechina mumidziyo yakazara yendege yakagadziriswa kusemesa. Kufamba nechikepe uye kushanda nechokufambisa kwaiitwa.

Kudzidziswa kwakasimba kwaisave pasina kurasikirwa kwehupenyu, ndege mbiri dzekutanga nevashandi vavo vakarasika muna Chivabvu 10, 1943. Degler akadonha 1700 m kubva kuHarz airfield nekuda kwekutadza kweinjini yekurudyi Do 217 E-5, W.Nr. Vashandi ve5611 vakafa, uye Lt. Hable akarovera Do 217 E-5, W.Nr. 5650, 6N + LP, pedyo neKutsov, 5 km kubva kuHarz airport. Zvakare muchiitiko ichi, nhengo dzese dzechikwata dzakafa mumoto unopisa. Pakapera kudzidziswa, dzimwe ndege nhatu dzakanga dzabondera, dzikauraya vashandi vaviri vakazara uye mutyairi webhomba rechitatu.

Mabhomba eDo 217 E-5, ayo ari chikamu che II./KG 100 midziyo, akagamuchira ETC 2000 ejector pasi pebapiro rimwe nerimwe, kunze kweinjini nacelles, yakagadzirirwa kuisa mabhomba eHs 293 kana bhomba rimwe reHs 293 uye imwe yekuwedzera. tangi yemafuta ine simba re900 l. Ndege dzakashongedzerwa nenzira iyi dzinogona kurwisa muvengi kubva kure kusvika ku800 km kana 1100 km. Kana chinangwa chacho chisina kuonekwa, ndege yacho yaigona kumhara neHs 293 mabhomba akabatanidzwa.

Sezvo mabhomba eFritz X aifanira kudonhedzwa kubva kumusoro, aive akashongedzerwa nendege yeDo 217 K-2 yeIII./KG 100. Mabhomba akagamuchira maviri ETC 2000 ejector akaiswa pasi pemapapiro pakati pefuselage neinjini nacelle. Munyaya yekurembera bhomba rimwe reFritz X, kurwisa kwacho kwaive 1100 km, nemabhomba maviri eFritz X yakaderedzwa kusvika 800 km.

Kurwisana nemhando dzose dzemabhomba ehover kunogona kuitwa pachishandiswa nhandare dzendege dzakaoma-pamusoro uye mugwagwa wetinhingi wehurefu husingaite mamita 1400. Kugadzirira kwehondo pachayo kwakatora nguva yakawanda kupfuura nyaya yekugadzira ndege nemabhomba echinyakare. Mabhomba aitenderedza aisagona kuchengetwa panze, saka akamiswa nguva pfupi isati yatanga. Ipapo kushanda kweredhiyo nezvidzoro zvaifanira kutariswa, izvo zvaiwanzotora anenge maminitsi makumi maviri. Nguva yose yokugadzirira boka revarwi nokuda kwokusimuka akanga ari anenge maawa matatu, muchiitiko cheboka rose, maawa matanhatu.

Huwandu husina kukwana hwemabhomba hwakamanikidza vashandi kudzikamisa kushandiswa kwemabhomba eFritz X kurwisa ngarava dzevavengi dzakashongedzwa nezvombo, pamwe nevatakuri vendege uye ngarava huru dzevatengesi. Hs 293 yaifanirwa kushandiswa kutarisana nezvinangwa zvechipiri, kusanganisira vafambi vechiedza.

Kushandiswa kwePC 1400 X mabhomba kwaienderana nemamiriro ekunze, nokuti bhomba raifanira kuonekwa kune mucherechedzi munguva yose yekubhururuka. Mamiriro akanyanya kunaka anoonekwa pamusoro pe20 km. Makore ari pamusoro pe 3/10 uye cloud base pasi pe 4500 m haana kubvumira kushandiswa kwemabhomba eFritz X. Panyaya yeHs 293, mamiriro emuchadenga akaita basa risina kukosha. Cloud base inofanira kuva pamusoro pe500 m uye chinangwa chinofanira kunge chiri kuonekwa.

Iyo diki diki tactical unit yekuita raids nePC 1400 X mabhomba yaive yekuve boka rendege nhatu, kana iri Hs 293 iyi inogona kunge iri mbiri kana imwe bhomba.

Musi waChikunguru 10, 1943, MaAllies akatanga Operation Husky, ndiko kuti, kumhara muSicily. Kuunganidzwa kukuru kwengarava kwakatenderedza chitsuwa kwakava chinangwa chikuru cheLuftwaffe. Manheru e21 Chikunguru 1943, matatu Do 217 K-2s kubva kuIII./KG 100 yakadonhedza imwe PC 1400 X bhomba pachiteshi cheAugusta muSicily. Mazuva maviri gare gare, muna Chikunguru 23, kiyi Do 217 K-2s yakarwisa ngarava kubva pachiteshi cheSirakuse. Sezvakaita Fv. Stumpner III./KG 100:

Chief commander aive mumwe rudzi rwe lieutenant, handichayeuke zita rake rekupedzisira, number two yaive fv. Stumpner, nhamba yechitatu Uffz. Meyer. Tatosvika pedyo neStrait of Messina, takaona vafambisi vaviri vakasungirirwa pane imwe nzvimbo kubva pakakwirira mamita 8000. Zvinosuruvarisa, mukuru wekiyi yedu haana kuvacherechedza. Panguva iyoyo, hapana chivharo chekuvhima kana anti-aircraft artillery fire yakaonekwa. Hapana akatinetsa. Panguva iyi, taifanira kutendeuka ndokutanga kuedza kechipiri. Panguva ino, taonekwa. Zvombo zvinorema zvekurwisa ndege zvakapindura, uye hatina kutanga kupamba zvakare, nokuti mukuru wedu sezviri pachena haana kuona vafambi panguva ino.

Panguva iyi, zvidimbu zvakawanda zvakanga zvichirovera paganda remotokari yedu.