German African Corps Chikamu 2

PzKpfw IV Ausf. G ndiro tangi rakanakisa iro DAK yakambove nayo. Idzi motokari dzakashandiswa kubva mumatsutso a1942, kunyange matangi ekutanga ekugadzirisa uku akasvika kuNorth Africa munaAugust 1942.

Iye zvino kwete chete Deutsches Afrikakorps, asiwo Panzerarmee Afrika, iyo yaisanganisira zvitunha, yakatanga kutambura kukundwa mushure mekukundwa. Tactically, haisi mhosva yaErwin Rommel, akaita zvaaigona, akawedzera uye akawedzera, achirwisana nezvinetso zvisingafungidziki zvekugadzirisa zvinhu, kunyange zvazvo akarwa nounyanzvi, noushingi uye unogona kutaura kuti akabudirira. Nekudaro, ngatirege kukanganwa kuti izwi rekuti "zvinoshanda" rinongoreva kune tactical level.

Padanho rekushanda, zvinhu zvakanga zvisiri kufamba zvakanaka. Zvakanga zvisingabviri kuronga dziviriro yakatsiga nekuda kwekusada kwaRommel kuita zviito uye chishuvo chake chehondo dzinochinjika. The German field marshal akakanganwa kuti kudzivirira kwakarongeka kunogona kuputsa kunyange muvengi ane simba zvikuru.

Zvisinei, pamwero mukuru, yakanga iri ngwavaira chaiyoiyo. Rommel aive aitei? Aida kuenda kupi? Akanga achiendepi nezvikamu zvake zvina zvisina kukwana? Aizoendepi akunda Ijipiti? Sudan, Somalia neKenya? Kana kuti pamwe Palestine, Siria neRebhanoni, kusvika kumuganhu weTurkey? Uye kubva ikoko Transjordan, Iraq neSaudi Arabia? Kana kutopfuura, Iran neBritish India? Akanga achizogumisa mushandirapamwe weBurma? Kana kuti akanga achizoronga bedzi kudzivirira muSinai? Nekuti maBritish acharonga mauto anodiwa, sezvavakaita kare, kuEl Alamein, vobva vamurova zvinouraya.

Kubviswa zvachose kwemauto evavengi kubva kuzvinhu zveBritish ndiko kwakavimbisa mhinduro yekupedzisira kudambudziko. Uye zvinhu kana matunhu ataurwa pamusoro apa, aive pasi pekutonga kwemauto eBritish, akatambanudzirwa kuGanges uye nekupfuura ... Chokwadi, zvikamu zvina zvakatetepa, izvo zvaive kupatsanurwa chete muzita, uye mauto eItalo-African contingent, izvi zvaive. hazvigoneki zvachose.

Muchokwadi, Erwin Rommel haana kumbotaura "zvekuita zvinotevera." Akaramba achitaura nezveSuez Canal sechinangwa chikuru chekugumbura. Sokunge nyika yaguma pane iyi tsinga yekukurukurirana yakakosha, asi iyo yakanga isiriwo sarudzo yekukundwa kweBritish kuMiddle East, Middle East kana Africa. Hapana akasimudza nyaya iyi muBerlin zvakare. Ikoko vakanga vane rimwe dambudziko - kurwa kukuru kumabvazuva, kurwa kunoshamisa kuti vatyore musana waStalin.

Iyo yeAustralia 9th DP yakaita basa rakakosha muhondo dzese munharaunda yeEl Alamein, mbiri dzainzi Hondo dzekutanga neChipiri dzeEl Alamein uye imwe yainzi Hondo yeAlam el Halfa Ridge. Mumufananidzo: Mauto eAustralia muBren Carrier ane zvombo zvekutakura vashandi.

Pakupedzisira kugumbura

Hondo yeEl-Gazal payakapera uye kuEastern Front maGerman akatanga kurwisa Stalingrad nenzvimbo dzakapfuma neoiri dzeCaucasus, musi waChikumi 25, 1942, mauto eGerman muNorth Africa aive nematangi makumi matanhatu anoshandiswa nepfuti 60. zvikwata (zvisingasanganisire artillery, logistics, reconnaissance uye kutaurirana), uye maItaly aive nematangi makumi mana nemana anoshanda, aine 3500 pfuti muzvikwata zvevacheche (kusingabatanidzi masoja emamwe masangano). Kusanganisira ese mauto eGerman neItalia, pakanga paine vangangosvika zana vari mumapoka ese, asi vamwe vacho vairwara uye vasingagone kurwa, 44 6500. varwi vetsoka, kune rumwe rutivi, ndeavo vanogona chaizvoizvo kurwa muboka revacheche vane pfuti muruoko.

Musi waChikumi 21, 1942, Field Marshal Albert Kesserling, mukuru weOB Süd, akasvika muAfrica kuzosangana naField Marshal Erwin Rommel (akakwidziridzwa pachinzvimbo ichi pazuva rimwe chete) uye Mukuru Wemauto Ettore Bastico, akagamuchira makwikwi emukuru wemauto. Nyamavhuvhu 1942. Zvechokwadi, musoro wemusangano uyu waiva mhinduro kumubvunzo: chii chinotevera? Sezvaunonzwisisa, Kesserling naBastico vaida kusimbisa nzvimbo dzavo uye kugadzirira kudzivirira kweLibhiya sepfuma yeItaly. Vese vaviri vakanzwisisa kuti pakaitika kunetsana kwakasimba kuEastern Front, iyi yaive sarudzo ine musoro. Kesserling akaverenga kuti kana kugadzirisa kwekupedzisira kwakaitika kumabvazuva nekugura maRussia kubva munzvimbo dzine mafuta, mauto aizosunungurwa kuti ashande muNorth Africa, zvino kurwisa kunobvira kuEgypt kwaizova kwechokwadi. Chero zvazvingava, zvichave zvichibvira kugadzirira iyo methodically. Zvisinei, Rommel akakakavadzana kuti British Eighth Army yakanga iri mukudzokera kuzere uye kuti kutsvaga kunofanira kutanga pakarepo. Akatenda kuti zviwanikwa zvakawanikwa kuTobruk zvaizobvumira kufamba kuenda kuEgypt kuenderere mberi, uye kuti pakanga pasina kunetseka nezvemamiriro ekugadzirisa ePanzerarmee Afrika.

Kudivi reBritish, muna Chikumi 25, 1942, General Claude J. E. Auchinleck, mukuru wemauto eBritish muEgypt, Levant, Saudi Arabia, Iraq neIran (Middle East Command), vakadzinga mukuru we8th Army, Lieutenant General Neil M. Ritchie. Wekupedzisira akadzokera kuGreat Britain, kwaakatora murairo we52nd Infantry Division "Lowlands", i.e. yakaderedzwa mazinga maviri ekushanda. Nekudaro, muna 1943 akave mutungamiriri weXII Corps, waakarwa naye akabudirira muWestern Europe muna 1944-1945, uye akazotora murairo weScottish Command uye, pakupedzisira, muna 1947, akatungamira Far East Command yeGround Forces kusvika. akaenda pamudyandigere muna 1948, ndiko kuti, akatora zvakare kuraira kweuto renzvimbo, umo akapihwa chinzvimbo che "full" general. Pakupera kwaJune 1942, General Auchinleck pachake akatora murairo we8th Army, achiita mabasa ose maviri panguva imwe chete.

Hondo yeMarsa Matruh

Mauto eBritish akatora dziviriro paMarsa Matruh, guta diki rechiteshi muEgypt, 180 km kumadokero kweEl Alamein uye 300 km kumadokero kweAlexandria. Njanji yaimhanya ichienda kuguta, uye kumaodzanyemba kwayo kwaienderera mberi neVia Balbia, ndiko kuti, mugwagwa unoenda kumahombekombe uchienda kuAlexandria pachayo. Nhandare iyi yaive kumaodzanyemba kweguta. The 10th Corps (Lt. Gen. William G. Holmes) ndiye aiva nebasa rekudzivirira nzvimbo yeMarsa Matruh, uyo ane murairo wakanga uchangobva kutamiswa kubva kuTransjordan. Zvitunha zvaisanganisira 21st Indian Infantry Brigade (24th, 25th uye 50th Indian Infantry Brigades), iyo yakatora dziviriro yakananga muguta nenzvimbo dzakaripoteredza, uye kumabvazuva kweMars Matruh, chikamu chechipiri chezvitunha, British 69th dp "Northumbrian". "(150. BP, 151. BP uye 20. BP). Inenge 30-10 km kumaodzanyemba kweguta kwaiva mupata wakati sandara 12-XNUMX km yakafara, pamwe chete neimwe nzira yaibva kumadokero kuenda kumabvazuva. Kumaodzanyemba kwomupata wacho, kwakakodzera kufambiswa, kwakanga kune ruzhowa rune matombo, runoteverwa nerenje rakakwirira, rine matombo zvishoma, rakashama.

Inenge makiromita makumi matatu kumaodzanyemba kweMarsa Matruh, pamucheto wekukwira, musha weMinkar Sidi Hamza, uko 30th Indian DP yakavakirwa, iyo panguva iyoyo yaive neimwe chete, iyo 5th BP. Zvishoma kumabvazuva, 29nd CP yeNew Zealand yaive pachinzvimbo (kubva ku2th uye 4th CP, kunze kwe5th CP, iyo yakabviswa kuEl Alamein). Uye pakupedzisira, kumaodzanyemba, pachikomo, yaive 6st Panzer Division ine 1nd Armored Battalion, 22th Armored Brigade uye 7th Motorized Rifle Brigade kubva 4th Infantry Division. Iyo 7st Dpanc yaive nematangi ekutsanya zana nemakumi mashanu nepfumbamwe, kusanganisira makumi matanhatu ematangi matsva eM1 Grant ane pfuti ye159 mm muhull sponson uye 60 mm anti-tank pfuti muturret. Pamusoro pezvo, maBritish aive nematangi gumi nemapfumbamwe evacheche. Mauto ari munharaunda yeMinkar Sidi Hamza (ese ari maviri akapera mapoka evacheche uye 3st Armored Division) aive chikamu che75th Corps pasi pekuraira kwaLieutenant General William H.E. "Strafera" Gott (akafira mutsaona yendege 37 Nyamavhuvhu 19).

Kurwiswa kwezvinzvimbo zveBritish kwakatanga masikati e26 Chikumi. Zvichipesana nezvinzvimbo zve50th DP Northumbarian kumaodzanyemba kweMarsa Matruh, 90th Light Division yakatama, isisina simba zvekuti inokurumidza kunonoka, nerubatsiro rwakakura kubva mumoto unoshanda weBritish 50th Infantry Division. Maodzanyemba kwaro, chikamu cheGerman 21st Panzer Division chakapaza chikamu chakadzivirirwa chisina kusimba kuchamhembe kwevaviri veNew Zealand brigades ye2nd DP uye munzvimbo yeMinkar Caim kumabvazuva kwemitsara yeBritish chikamu cheGerman chakatendeukira kumaodzanyemba, ichigura kudzoka kweNew Zealanders. Uku kwaive kufamba kusingatarisirwi, sezvo yechipiri New Zealand Infantry Division yaive yakanyatso kurongeka mitsara yedziviriro uye yaigona kuzvidzivirira zvine mutsindo. Zvisinei, abviswa kumabvazuva, mutungamiriri weNew Zealand, Lieutenant General Bernard Freyberg, akatya zvikuru. Aona kuti ndiye aitarisira mauto eNew Zealand kuhurumende yenyika yake, akatanga kufunga nezve mukana wekuendesa kupatsanurwa kumabvazuva. Sezvo kumaodzanyemba kweGerman 2th Armored Division yakanga yamiswa mugwenga rakashama neBritish 15nd Armistice, chero chiitiko chakaerekana chaita senge nguva isati yakwana.

Kuonekwa kwe21st Armored Division kuseri kweBritish mitsetse kwakatyisawo General Auchinleck. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, masikati musi waJune 27, akaudza vatungamiri vezvitunha zviviri kuti havafaniri kuisa pangozi yekurasikirwa nemauto ari pasi kuitira kuchengetedza nzvimbo yavo kuMarsa Matruh. Uyu murairo wakapiwa pasinei nokuti British 1st Armored Division yakaramba iine 15th Panzer Division, ikozvino yakasimbiswa neItaly 133rd Armored Division "Littorio" yeItaly 27th Corps. Manheru eChikumi 8, General Auchinleck akaraira kubviswa kwemauto ese e50th Army kunzvimbo itsva yekudzivirira munzvimbo yeFuca, isingasviki XNUMX km kumabvazuva. Naizvozvo, mauto eBritain akadzokera shure.

Iyo yakanyanya kurova yaive New Zealand 2nd Infantry Division, iyo yakavharirwa neGerman 21st Infantry Division. Nekudaro, pahusiku hwe27/28 June, kurwiswa kunoshamisa neNew Zealand 5th BP pazvinzvimbo zveGerman motorized battalion yakabudirira. Hondo idzi dzakanga dzakaoma zvikuru, kunyanya sezvo dzairwiwa panzvimbo pfupi. Masoja mazhinji eGerman akarwiswa neNew Zealanders. Kutevera 5th BP, 4th BP nemamwe mapoka akaputikawo. Yechipiri yeNew Zealand DP yakachengetwa. Lieutenant General Freiberg akakuvadzwa muchiito, asi akakwanisawo kutiza. Pakazara, veNew Zealanders vaive ne2 vakaurayiwa, vakakuvadzwa uye vakatorwa. Zvakanyanya kuipa, zvisinei, 800nd New Zealand Infantry Division haina kurairwa kuti iende kunzvimbo dzeFuca, uye zvinhu zvayo zvakasvika kuEl Alamein.

Mutemo wekubvisa zvakare hauna kusvika kumukuru we28th Corps, uyo mangwanani eJune 90 akatanga kurwisa kumaodzanyemba mukuedza kusunungura 21st Corps, iyo ... yakanga isisipo. Pakarepo maBritish paakapinda muhondo, vakanga vari mune chishamiso chisingafadzi, nokuti panzvimbo yekubatsira vavakidzani vavo, vakangoerekana vasangana nemauto ose eGermany munharaunda yacho, kureva, ne21st Light Division uye zvikamu zve90 Panzer Division. . Nenguva isipi zvakava pachena kuti 28th Panzer Division yakanga yatendeukira kuchamhembe uye yakagura nzira dzayo dzekutiza dzakananga kumabvazuva kweX Corps. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, General Auchinleck akaraira kuti vapatsanure zvitunha kuita makoramu uye kurwisa kumaodzanyemba, nepakati peiyo isina kusimba 29th dlek system yakananga kune yakati sandarara pakati peMarsa Matruh naMinkar Sidi Hamzakh, kubva uko X Corps makoramu akatendeukira kumabvazuva nehusiku. ya29 kusvika June 7 yakanzvenga maGermany munzira yeFuka. Mangwanani emusi waChikumi 16, Marsa Matruh akabatwa ne6000th Bersaglieri Regiment yeXNUMXth "Pistoia" Infantry Regiment, maItaliya akatapa vangangoita XNUMX maIndia nemaBritish.

Kuvharirwa kwemauto eGermany kuFuka kwakakundikanawo. Iyo Indian 29th CP yeIndia 5th Infantry Regiment yakaedza kuronga dziviriro pano, asi yeGerman 21st PDN yakarwisa gadziriro dzisati dzapera. Nenguva isipi chikamu cheItaly 133rd "Littorio" chakapinda muhondo, uye brigade yeIndia yakakundwa zvachose. Iyo brigade haina kugadzirwazve, uye apo Indian 5th Infantry Division yakadzoserwa kuIraq pakupera kwaNyamavhuvhu 1942, ndokuzoendeswa kuIndia mukudonha kwa1942 kunorwa muBurma muna 1943-1945, 123 yakamira muchikamu cheIndia yakabatanidzwa. . Maumbirwo. BP yekutsiva iyo yakatyoka 29th BP. Mutungamiriri we29 BP Brig. Denis W. Reid akatorwa musungwa musi waJune 28, 1942 ndokuiswa mumusasa wePOW weItaly. Akatiza muna Mbudzi 1943 uye akakwanisa kusvika kumauto eBritish muItaly, uko muna 1944-1945 akaraira Indian 10th Infantry Division aine chinzvimbo chemukuru mukuru.

Naizvozvo, mauto eBritish akamanikidzwa kudzokera kuEl Alamein, Fuka akaurayiwa. Nhevedzano yekurwisana kwakatanga, apo maGermany nemaItaly vakazosungwa.

Hondo yekutanga yeEl Alamein

Iro guta diki remahombekombe egungwa reEl Alamein, ine chiteshi chechitima uye mugwagwa wemahombekombe, iri makiromita mashoma kumadokero kumucheto kwekumadokero kwemafuro akasvibira eNile Delta. Mugwagwa wegungwa unoenda kuAlexandria unomhanya 113 km kubva kuEl Alamein. Iyo inenge 250 km kubva kuCairo, iri paNile pazasi pe delta. Pachiyero chebasa remugwenga, izvi hazvisi zvakawanda. Asi pano gwenga rinopera - mugonyonhatu yeCairo kumaodzanyemba, El Hamam kumadokero (anenge makiromita gumi kubva kuEl Alamein) uye Suez Canal kumabvazuva kune Nile Delta yakasvibirira ine ivhu rekurima uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzakafukidzwa nedenda. zvinomera. Nile Delta inotambanudzira kugungwa kwemakiromita 10, uye yakafara makiromita angangoita mazana maviri nemakumi maviri. Iyo ine matavi maviri makuru eNairi: Damietta neRosetta ine nhamba huru yemadiki echisikigo uye ekugadzira nzira, madziva emahombekombe nemadhamu. Haisi iyo nzvimbo yakanakisa yekufambisa.

Zvisinei, El Alamein pachayo ichiri gwenga. Iyi nzvimbo yakasarudzwa zvakanyanya nekuti inomiririra kutetepa kwechisikigo kwenzvimbo inokodzera kufambiswa kwemotokari - kubva kumahombekombe kuenda kunzvimbo isingasvikike yemachakwi yeQattara. Yakatambanudzwa kweanenge makiromita mazana maviri kumaodzanyemba, saka zvakange zvisingaite kuipoterera nemugwenga rakashama kubva kumaodzanyemba.

Iyi nharaunda yakanga ichigadzirira kudzivirira kare muna 1941. Yakanga isina kusimbiswa mupfungwa yechokwadi yeshoko, asi nhare dzemumunda dzakavakwa pano, izvo zvino zvaingoda kuvandudzwa uye, kana zvichibvira, kuwedzerwa. General Claude Auchinleck neunyanzvi akakanda dziviriro zvakadzama, asingaise mauto ese munzvimbo dzekudzivirira, asi achigadzira nzvimbo dzinotakurika uye imwe mutsara wedziviriro uri makiromita mashoma kuseri kwemutsara mukuru pedyo neEl Alamein. Minda yezvimbambaira yakaiswawo munzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa zvishoma. Basa remutsetse wekutanga wedziviriro raive rekutungamira mafambiro emuvengi kuburikidza neminda yezvimbambaira, iyo yaiwedzerwa nemoto unorema wepfuti. Imwe neimwe yevacheche brigades yakagadzira nzvimbo dzekudzivirira ("mabhokisi echinyakare eAfrica") akagamuchira maviri mabhatiri ezvombo serutsigiro, uye artillery akasara akaiswa mumapoka ane zvitunha uye mauto ehondo. Basa remapoka aya raive rekurwisa moto unorema pambiru dzevavengi dzaizopinda mukati memitsara yekudzivirira yeBritish. Zvaive zvakakoshawo kuti 8th Army yakagamuchira pfuti itsva 57-mm 6-pound anti-tank, iyo yakaratidza kuva inoshanda zvikuru uye yakashandiswa zvinobudirira kusvika pakupera kwehondo.

Panguva ino, Eighth Army yakanga ine mauto matatu. XXX Corps (Lt. Gen. C. Willoughby M. Norrie) vakatora dziviriro kubva kuEl Alamein kumaodzanyemba nekumabvazuva. Akanga ane 8th Australian Infantry Regiment mumutsara wepamberi, iyo yakaisa mauto maviri evacheche pamberi, 9th CP kubva kumhenderekedzo uye 20 CP zvishoma zvishoma kumaodzanyemba. Iyo yechitatu brigade yechikamu, iyo yeAustralia 24th BP, yaive makiromita makumi maviri nematanhatu kubva kuEl Alamein, kumabvazuva, uko kunowanikwa nzvimbo dzekushanya dzevashanyi nhasi. Yegumi yeSouth African Infantry Regiment yaive yakamira kumaodzanyemba kwe26th Australian Infantry Division ine matatu mabrigade ari kuchamhembe-kumaodzanyemba kumberi: 10st CT, 9rd CT uye 1st CT. Uye, pakupedzisira, kumaodzanyemba, panosangana ne3 Corps, Indian 1th BP yeIndia 2th Infantry Division yakatora dziviriro.

Maodzanyemba kweXXX Corps, XIII Corps (Lieutenant General William HE Gott) vakabata mutsara. Yake 4th Indian Infantry Division yakanga iri panzvimbo yeRuweisat Ridge ine 5th uye 7th CPs (Indian), nepo 2nd New Zealand 5th CP yayo yakanga iri zvishoma kumaodzanyemba, neNew Zealand 6th uye 4th -m BP muzvikamu; BP yake yechina yakadzoserwa kuEgypt. Indian 4th Infantry Division yaingova nemabrigade maviri, 11nd CP yakanga yakundwa kuTobruk anenge mwedzi wapfuura. IBritish 132th CU, 44th "Home Districts" Infantry, inodzivirira kuchamhembe kwe4nd Indian Infantry, yakapihwa zviri pamutemo kuNew Zealand 2th Infantry, kunyangwe yaive kune rimwe divi rechina Indian Infantry.

Kuseri kwenzvimbo huru dzekudzivirira kwaive X Corps (Lt. Gen. William G. Holmes). Yaisanganisira 44th "Home County" Rifle Division pamwe neakasara 133rd Rifle Division (iyo 44th Rifle Division ipapo yaingova nemabrigade maviri; gare gare, muzhizha ra1942, 131st Rifle Division yakawedzerwa), iyo yakatora zvinzvimbo padivi pechikomo che. Alam el Halfa, iyo yakakamura mapani mhiri kweEl Alamein nepakati, rukova urwu rwakatambanudzwa kubva kumadokero kuenda kumabvazuva. Ichi chitunha zvakare chaive nenzvimbo yekuchengetera zvombo muchimiro che7th Panzer Division (4th bpk, 7th bzmot) yakatambanudzirwa kuruboshwe kwebapiro rekumaodzanyemba kwechitunha chegumi, pamwe neiyo 10th pd (ine chete yechishanu bpk) inogara zvinzvimbo. pagomo reAramu el-Khalfa.

Hondo huru yeGerman-Italian yekurova mukutanga kwaChikunguru 1942 yaive, yechokwadi, yeGerman African Corps, iyo, mushure mekurwara (uye kutorwa muna Chivabvu 29, 1942) yemukuru wemauto Ludwig Kruwel, akarairwa nemukuru wehondo Walter Nering. . Munguva iyi, DAK yaive nezvikamu zvitatu.

The 15th Panzer Division, kwenguva pfupi pasi pemurairo waColonel W. Eduard Krasemann, yaisanganisira 8th Tank Regiment (mabheti maviri, makambani matatu ePzKpfw III uye PzKfpw II matangi emwenje uye kambani yePzKpfw IV yepakati matangi), iyo 115th Motorized Rifle. Regiment (mabheti matatu, makambani mana ane mota imwe neimwe), 33rd Regiment (matatu squadron, matatu howitzer mabhatiri imwe neimwe), 33rd Reconnaissance Battalion (kambani yezvombo, kambani inoongorora mota, kambani inorema), 78th Anti-Tank Squadron (anti-tank bhatiri uye wega. -propelled anti-tank battery), 33rd communications battalion, 33rd sapper uye logistical service battalion. Sezvaunogona kufungidzira, kupatsanurwa kwacho kwakanga kusina kukwana, kana kuti panzvimbo pezvo, simba rayo rokurwa rakanga risiri rinopfuura rehondo yakasimbiswa.

The 21st Panzer Division, yakarairwa naLieutenant General Georg von Bismarck, yaive nesangano rimwechete, uye nhamba dzayo dzerejitari nehondo dzaive sezvizvi: 5th Panzer Regiment, 104th Motor Rifle Regiment, 155th Artillery Regiment, 3rd reconnaissance squad 39 battalion, battalion. , 200th engineer battalion. uye 200th communications battalion. Chinhu chinonakidza pamusoro peiyo artillery regiment yekuparadzanisa yaive yekuti muchikamu chechitatu mumabhatiri maviri maive ne150-mm self-propelled howitzers pane chassis yeFrench Lorraine vatakuri - 15cm sFH 13-1 (Sf) auf GW Lorraine Schlepper. (e). The 21st Panzer Division yakanga ichiri kupera simba muhondo uye yaisanganisira 188 vakuru, 786 vasina kutumwa vakuru uye 3842 masoja, inokwana 4816 pamusoro penguva dzose (atypical for it) 6740 vanhu. Zvakanga zvakanyanya kuipa nemidziyo, nekuti kupatsanurwa kwaive ne4 PzKpfw II, 19 PzKpfw III (37 mm cannon), 7 PzKpfw III (50 mm cannon), imwe PzKpfw IV (pfupi-barreled) uye imwe PzKpfw IV (yakareba-barreled), 32 matangi ese ari muhurongwa hwekushanda.

The 90th Light Division, yaitungamirirwa naArmored General Ulrich Kleemann, yaisanganisira mauto maviri evacheche ane motokari ane mauto maviri rimwe nerimwe: 155th Infantry Regiment uye 200th Infantry Regiment. Imwe, yechi361, yakawedzerwa pakupera kwaJuly 1942. Vapashure vaibatanidza vokuGermany avo vakabatira muUto reFrance Kunze Kwenyika Kusvikira muna 1940. Sezvaunonzwisisa, yakanga isiri chinhu chakati chemunhu. Chikamu ichi zvakare chaive ne190th artillery regiment ine maviri howwitzers (yechitatu chikamu chakaonekwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 1942), uye yechitatu bhatiri yechikamu chechipiri yaive nepfuti ina 10,5 cm Kanone 18 105 mm, 580 panzvimbo yeHowitzers. squadron regiment, 190th communications battalion uye 190th engineer battalion.

Mukuwedzera, iyo DAK yaisanganisira maumbirwo: 605th anti-tank squadron, 606th uye 609th anti-ndege squadrons.

Koramu yekukurumidza Crusader II matangi akashongedzerwa ne40 mm cannon, aive akashongedzerwa brigades ane zvombo zveBritish armored divisions.

Mauto eItaly ePanzerarmee Afrika aive nezvitunha zvitatu. Chitunha chechigumi nenomwe (mukuru wemauto Benvenuto Joda) aisanganisira makumi maviri nenomwe dp "Pavia" uye makumi matanhatu dp "Brescia", iyo 17nd corps (mukuru wezvitunha Enea Navarrini) - kubva ku27nd dp "Sabrata" uye 60- "Trepntozmot" " uye sechikamu cheXX motorized corps (corps general Ettore Baldassare) inoumbwa ne: 102rd DPanc "Ariete" uye yechi132 DPZmot "Trieste". Yakananga pasi pekuraira kwemauto pakanga paine 101th Infantry Division "Littorio" uye yechi133th Infantry Division "Bologna". MaItaly, kunyangwe mumusimboti vaitevera maGerman, vakatamburawo kurasikirwa kukuru uye maumbirwo avo akapera zvakanyanya. Zvakakodzera kutaura pano kuti mapoka ose eItaly aiva mauto maviri, uye kwete matatu regiments kana pfuti nhatu, semumauto mazhinji enyika.

Erwin Rommel akaronga kurwisa nzvimbo dzeEl Alamein musi waChikumi 30, 1942, asi mauto eGerman, nekuda kwekunetseka mukutakura mafuta, haana kusvika kunzvimbo dzeBritish kusvikira zuva rakatevera. Chishuvo chekurwisa nekukurumidza chaireva kuti chakaitwa pasina kunyatsoongorora. Nokudaro, 21st Panzer Division yakasangana ne18th Indian Infantry Brigade (Indian 10th Infantry Brigade), ichangobva kuendeswa kubva kuPalestine, iyo yakatora nzvimbo dzekudzivirira munzvimbo yeDeir el-Abyad pazasi peRuweisat ridge, ichiparadzanisa nzvimbo pakati pe mahombekombe uye El Alamein, uye kushushikana kweQattara, kwakadambuka zvakaenzana nehafu. Iyo brigade yakasimbiswa ne23 25-pounder (87,6 mm) howwitzers, 16 anti-tank 6-pounder (57 mm) pfuti uye mapfumbamwe Matilda II matangi. Kurwiswa kwe21st DPunk kwaive kwakasimba, asi maIndia akasindimara kuramba, kunyangwe vasina ruzivo rwekurwa. Chokwadi, manheru emusi waChikunguru 1, Indian 18th BP yakakundwa zvachose (uye haina kumbogadzirwazve).

Zvirinani zvaive chikamu chegumi neshanu chezvombo, icho chakapfuura Indian 15th BP kubva kumaodzanyemba, asi mapoka maviri akarasikirwa gumi nemasere pamakumi mashanu neshanu matangi aikwanisa kushanda, uye mangwanani eChikunguru 18 vaigona kumisa makumi matatu nenomwe motokari dzehondo. Chokwadika, basa rakasimba rakanga richiitwa mumashopu omunda, uye michina yakagadziridzwa yaiendeswa kumutsetse nguva nenguva. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha, zvisinei, ndechokuti zuva rose rakarasika, apo General Auchinleck akanga achisimbisa zvidziviriro munzira yekurwisa kukuru kweGermany. Zvakare, 18th Light Division yakarwisawo nzvimbo dzekudzivirira yeSouth African 55st Infantry Division, kunyangwe chinangwa cheGerman chaive chekubuda munzvimbo dzeBritish kuEl Alamein kubva kumaodzanyemba uye kugura guta nekufamba negungwa kumabvazuva kwaro. Chete mumasikati echi2, Dlek akakwanisa kubva pamuvengi uye akaedza kusvika kunzvimbo iri kumabvazuva kweEl Alamein. Zvakare, nguva inokosha uye kurasikirwa zvakarasika. 37th Panzer Division yakarwa neBritish 90nd Armored Division, 1st Panzer Division yakarwa 90th Panzer Division, 15st 22th Armored Division uye 21th Armored Division zvakateerana.