Magumo Anoshamisa kune Murwi Anoshamisa

Magumo Anoshamisa kune Murwi Anoshamisa

Mangwanani emusi waKukadzi 18, 1944, maGerman akawana kubudirira kwavo kwekupedzisira muhondo dzemuMedithera neRoyal Navy, apo ngarava yepasi pemvura U 35 yakanyudza HMS Penelope 410 nautical mamaira kubva kuNaples nekurwisa kwakabudirira kwetorpedo. Uku kwaive kurasikirwa kusingagadziriswe kuRoyal Navy, sezvo kuputika kwacho kwaive chimiro chakatanhamara, chaimbozivikanwa nekutora chikamu mumishandirapamwe yakawanda, kunyanya muMediterranean. Vashandi vePenelope vakanga vambove nekubudirira kwakawanda mumabasa ane ngozi uye hondo nemuvengi. Ngarava yeBritain yainyatsozivikanwa nevafambisi vezvikepe vePoland zvakare nekuti vamwe vaparadzi nengarava dzepasi peHondo yeHondo Yenyika II vakatora chikamu nacho mune mamwe mauto ehondo kana mukudzivirira kwakananga kweMalta.

Kuberekwa kwechikepe

Nhau yeiyi ngarava yakatanhamara yeBritain yakatangira paHarland & Wolff shipyard muBelfast (Northern Ireland), apo keel yakaradzikwa pana May 30, 1934 nokuda kwokuvakwa kwayo. Penelope's hull yakatangwa musi waOctober 15, 1935, uye akapinda mubasa musi waNovember 13. , 1936. Kushanda neRoyal Navy Fleet Commands, yakanga ine tactical nhamba 97.

Iyo light cruiser HMS Penelope yaive yechitatu Arethusa-kirasi yehondo kuti ivakwe. Nhamba yakati kurei yezvikamu izvi (zvinenge zvishanu) yakarongwa, asi izvi zvakasiiwa zvichifarira vafambisi vechikepe vakasimba uye vakakura veSouthampton, iyo yaizogadziridzwa se "mhinduro" yeBritish kune maJapan ane zvombo zvakanyanya akavakwa (ane 5 pfuti ingangopfuura matanhatu inches) Mogami-class cruisers. Mhedzisiro yacho yaingova 15 madiki asi zvechokwadi akabudirira eBritish cruisers (anonzi Arethusa, Galatea, Penelope naAurora).

IAretuza-class light cruisers yakavakwa muna 1932 (idiki kwazvo pane yakatovakwa Leander-class light cruisers ine kutamiswa kwematani 7000 uye zvombo zvinorema muchimiro che8 152-mm pfuti) yaizoshandiswa kune akati wandei akakosha. mabasa mune ramangwana. Dzaive dzakaitirwa kutsiva dzakasakara W uye D mhando C uye D light cruiser dzeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Iyo yekupedzisira yaive nekutamiswa kwematani 4000-5000. Pavakangovakwa se "vaparadzi-vaparadzi", kunyange zvazvo basa iri rakakanganiswa zvikuru nekusakwana kwekumhanya, zvishoma kudarika 30 knots. yakanyanya kuchinjika kupfuura yakakura Royal Cruisers. Zvikepe muzviito zvemapoka makuru ezvikepe zvaifanira kutarisana nevaparadzi vevavengi, uye panguva imwechete kutungamira mapoka avo evaparadzi panguva yekurwisana. Vaivewo vakakodzera zviri nani kumishini yekuziva sevafambisi vechikepe, izvo zvaive zvidiki uye nekudaro zvakaoma kuona nezvikepe zvevavengi.

Zvikwata zvitsva zvinogona kubatsira nedzimwe nzira zvakare. MaBritish aitarisira kuti muchiitiko chehondo neThird Reich mune ramangwana, maGerman aizoshandisa zvakare maski ekubatsira cruiser mukurwira makungwa. Ngarava dzeArethus-class dzaionekwa sedzakanyatsokodzera kurwisa vavengi vabatsiri cruisers, blockade breakers, uye kupa ngarava. Nepo pfuti huru dzemaBritish aya, 6 152 mm pfuti, dzairatidzika kunge dzisina simba zvakanyanya kupfuura dzevafambisi vechikepe vekuGerman (uye ivo vaive vakashongedzerwa nhamba yakafanana yepfuti masendimita matanhatu), pfuti dzairema kwazvo pangarava dzakavharwa dzaive. kazhinji inowanikwa kuitira kuti kune rimwe divi, makanoni mana chete aikwanisa kupfura, uye izvi zvinogona kupa maBritish mukana mukukonana navo. Asi vatungamiri veBritish cruiser vaifanira kuyeuka kugadzirisa hondo yakadaro kana zvichibvira uye zvichida nendege yavo yegungwa, kugadzirisa moto kubva mumhepo. British cruiser operations muAtlantic in this capacity inogonawo kuvaisa pachena kuU-boat kurwisa, kunyange zvazvo njodzi yakadaro yakagara iripo mumabasa akarongwa muMediterranean, uko kwaiwanzogadzirirwa kushandiswa muRoyal Navy kurwisa mabasa. mirairo.

Kutamiswa kweiyo cruiser "Penelope" yakajairwa 5270 matani, yakazara 6715 matani, zviyero 154,33 x 15,56 x 5,1 m. Izvi zvakashandiswa kusimbisa zvikepe zvekudzivirira kwemhepo uye kutsiva pfuti dzakarongwa dzepakutanga ina dzimwechete dzinopesana nendege. caliber 20 mm yekaviri. Izvi zvinofanira kunge zvakave zvakakosha zvikuru mune zvimwe zviito zvezvikepe zverudzi urwu muMediterranean munguva yehondo, sezvo munguva yakaoma zvikuru yehondo (kunyanya muna 150-200) kwaiva nehondo dzinotyisa nevatyairi veGermany neItaly vane simba. Zviyero zviduku zveArethusa-type units zvaireva kuti vakagamuchira seaplane imwe chete, uye catapult yakaiswa yakanga yakareba mamita 102 uye mamita maviri mapfupi pane Leanders huru. Kuenzaniswa navo, Penelope (uye mamwe mapatya matatu) aivewo aine turret imwe chete nepfuti mbiri-1941-mm kumashure, nepo "hama dzavo huru" dzaive mbiri. Kure kure (uye pakona yakaoma kusvika kuuta), iyo-matani-matani silhouette yecruiser yakafanana neLeander / Perth mhando mayunitsi, kunyangwe hull yaPenelope yaive ipfupi kupfuura ivo neanoda kusvika 1942 m.

Hondo huru yecruiser yaisanganisira matanhatu 6-mm Mk XXIII pfuti (mumapatya matatu Mk XXI turrets). Huwandu hwemapurojekiti epfuti idzi hwaive 152 23 m, kona yekukwirisa yebhoti yaive 300 °, kuwanda kwepurojekiti yaive 60 kg, uye pfuti inokwana 50,8 kutenderera. Mukati meminiti, ngarava yaigona kupfura 200-6 volleys kubva papfuti idzi.

Pamusoro pezvo, pfuti 8 dzepasirese 102-mm anti-ndege pfuti Mk XVI yakaiswa muyuniti (mune mana kumisikidzwa Mk XIX). Pakutanga, zvombo zvekurwisa ndege zvakawedzerwa ne4 anti-ndege pfuti. caliber 8 mm Vickers (12,7xIV). Vakanga vari mutyairi kusvika muna 2, pavakatsiviwa nemamwe pfuti dzemazuva ano dzinorwisa ndege. Iyo 1941mm Oerlikon ichakurukurwa gare gare.

Ngarava yakanga ine mapango maviri akaparadzana ekudzivirira moto; kune iyo huru uye inorwisa-ndege artillery.

Kuiswa kwacho kwaive ne6 533 mm PR Mk IV torpedo machubhu eMk IX (2xIII) torpedoes.

Iyo chete mota yekucherekedza iyo Penelope aive akashongedzerwa nayo yaive Fairey Seafox floatplane (pa 14m catapult yataurwa pamusoro). Ndege yegungwa yakazosiiwa muna 1940.

kusimudzira chikepe cheAA.