Mota mbiri mumotokari dzemagetsi - ndeapi matipi anoshandiswa nevagadziri kuwedzera huwandu? [DESCRIPTION]

Mota dzemagetsi dzine imwe, mbiri, nhatu, uye dzimwe nguva ina mota. Kubva pamaonero ehupfumi, injini imwe ndiyo yakanakisa sarudzo, asi vamwe vanhu vanonzwa vaine chivimbo kana vaine mavhiri ese. Asi iwe unosanganisa sei kuvimba kunopihwa neAWD nekushomeka kwesimba rekushandisa? Vagadziri vane nzira dzakawanda dzekuita izvi.

Multi-motor drives mumagetsi. Motokari dzinoderedza sei kushandiswa kwesimba?

Tafura yezvinyorwa

• Multi-motor drives mumagetsi. Motokari dzinoderedza sei kushandiswa kwesimba?
  • Nzira #1: shandisa clutch (semuenzaniso Hyundai E-GMP chikuva: Hyundai Ioniq 5, Kia EV6)
  • Nzira # 2: Shandisa injini yekupinza pane imwechete axis (semuenzaniso Tesle Model S / X Raven, Volkswagen MEB)
  • Nzira # 3: wedzera bhatiri zvine hungwaru

Ngatitangei kubva pakutanga - imwe-axis drive. Zvichienderana nechisarudzo chemugadziri, injini iri kumberi (FWD) kana kumashure ekisero (RWD). Mberi-vhiri rekutyaira Neimwe nzira, uku ndiko kubva kumota dzinopisa-injini: makumi emakore apfuura yaifungidzirwa kuti inopa kuchengeteka kuri nani, ndosaka vazhinji vemagetsi ekutanga vaive nemberi-vhiri dhiraivha. Kusvika nanhasi, ndiyo mhinduro yekutanga muNissan neRenault (Leaf, Zoe, CMF-EV papuratifomu) uye mhando dzakagadziridzwa dzemotokari dzinopisa mukati (semuenzaniso, VW e-Golf, Mercedes EQA).

Tesla akasiya nzira yekumberi-vhiri-kutyaira kubva pakutanga, uye BMW ine i3 neVolkswagen ine MEB chikuva, uko mhinduro yekutanga iri. injini iri panzvimbo yekumashure... Izvi zvinotinetsa kune vatyairi vazhinji nekuti kumberi-vhiri kutyaira mukati memoto mota dzakachengetedzeka munzvimbo dziri pedyo-gedhi, asi nemagetsi emagetsi, hapana zvakawanda zvekunetseka nazvo. Electronics nemagetsi masisitimu anokurumidza kupfuura masystem masisitimu mune inertial combustion injini.

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, mota imwe seti yeakakwira-voltage tambo, imwe inverter, imwe control system. Izvo zvishoma zvinhu muhurongwa, zvishoma zvichave kurasikirwa kwese. Nokuti Mota dzemagetsi ejini imwe chete, pamusimboti, dzichava dzakapfuma kupfuura mota dzine injini mbiri kana kupfuura.izvo zvatakanyora pamusoro pazvo pakutanga.

Kunze kwevatyairi, anoda zvose-mavhiri. Vamwe vanhu vanoitenga kuti iite zvirinani, vamwe nekuti vanonzwa vakachengeteka nayo, uye vamwe nekuti vanogara vachityaira mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kunze kwemugwagwa. Iwo magetsi emagetsi pano anoshatisa mainjiniya: pachinzvimbo chemuviri muhombe, unopisa, unodedera, isu tine dhizaini, compact dhizaini inogona kuwedzerwa kune yechipiri axle. Chii chaunofanira kuita mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kuitira kuti urege kuwandisa nekushandiswa kwesimba uye kuvimbisa muridzi ane simba rekuchengetedza simba? Zviri pachena: unofanira kudzima injini dzakawanda sezvinobvira.

Asi sei kuzviita?

Nzira #1: shandisa clutch (semuenzaniso Hyundai E-GMP chikuva: Hyundai Ioniq 5, Kia EV6)

Kune mhando mbiri dzemotor dzinoshandiswa mumotokari dzemagetsi: induction mota (asynchronous mota, ASM) kana inogara magineti mota (PSM). Permanent magineti motors ane mari yakawanda, saka kushandisa kwavo kunonzwisisika chero kupi kwakakosha huwandu hwakakosha. Asi ivo vanewo kukosha kwakakosha: magineti echigarire haagone kudzimwa, vanogadzira magineti, kunyangwe isu tichida kana kwete.

Sezvo mavhiri akanyatsobatanidzwa kune injini neaxles uye magiya, kukwira kwega kwega kunoguma nekuyerera kwemagetsi: kubva kubhatiri kuenda kune injini (kufamba kwemotokari) kana kubva injini kuenda kubhatiri (kupora). Saka, kana tikashandisa imwe inogara magineti mota pane imwe neimwe axle, mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuitika apo mumwe achatyaira mavhiri uye imwe ichipwanya mota, nekuti inoshandura simba remagetsi kuita magetsi. Aya ndiwo mamiriro asina kudiwa zvakanyanya.

Hyundai yagadzirisa dambudziko iri kuburikidza nekachikacha clutch pane ekisero yekumberi... Kushanda kwaro kwakazara otomatiki, senge Haldex system mumotokari dzinopisa: kana mutyairi achida simba rakawanda, clutch yakavharwa uye injini mbiri dzinomhanyisa (kana brake?) Iyo mota. Kana mutyairi achityaira akanyarara, clutch inobvisa injini yepamberi kubva pamavhiri, saka hapana dambudziko nebhureki.

Mukana mukuru weclutch mukana wekushandisa zvakanyanya hupfumi PSM injini pama axles ese. Izvo zvisingabatsiri ndiko kuiswa kweimwe mechanical element muhurongwa, iyo inofanira kumira yakakwirira torques uye kupindura nokukurumidza kune shanduko. Nenzira iyi chikamu chinopera zvishoma nezvishoma - uye nepo chichitaridzika chakapusa mukugadzira, nhanho yekunamatira yainayo kune drive system inoita kuti kutsiva kusingaite.

Nzira # 2: Shandisa injini yekupinza pane imwechete axis (semuenzaniso Tesle Model S / X Raven, Volkswagen MEB)

Nzira nhamba 2 yakashandiswa kwenguva yakareba uye kakawanda, kubva pakutanga yakaonekwa muTesla Model S uye X, ikozvino tinogonawo kuiwana pakati pevamwe Volkswagen paMEB platform, kusanganisira VW ID.4 GTX. Iri muchokwadi chokuti asynchronous motors ane electromagnets akaisirwa kungave kune ese maviri axles (yekare Tesla modhi), kana zvirinani pane yekumberi axle (MEB AWD, Tesle S / X kubva kuRaven vhezheni).... Tese tinoziva musimboti wekushanda kweelectromagnetic kubva kuchikoro chepuraimari: magnetic field inogadzirwa chete kana magetsi aiswa. Kana iyo yazvino yadzimwa, iyo electromagnet inoshanduka kuita yakajairwa bundle rewaya.

Nokudaro, munyaya yeasynchronous motor, zvakakwana kubvisa mhepo kubva kune simba remagetsi.kuti aizorega kuramba. Kubudirira kusina mubvunzo kwemhinduro iyi ndeye nyore kwekugadzira, nokuti zvinhu zvose zvinoitwa uchishandisa magetsi. Nekudaro, iyo yakashata ndeye kuderera kwekuita kwema induction motors uye chokwadi chekuti kumwe kuramba kunogadzirwa neiyo rigidly meshed gearbox uye mota pachayo.

Sezvatakambotaura, induction motors anonyanya kushandiswa pane ekisero yepamberi, saka basa ravo guru nderekuwedzera simba paunoda uye kwete kunetseka kana mutasvi ari kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma.

Nzira # 3: wedzera bhatiri zvine hungwaru

Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kushanda kwemagetsi emagetsi kwakakwirira kwazvo (95, uye dzimwe nguva 99+ muzana). Nekudaro, kunyangwe neAWD drive ine maviri anogara magineti mota, ayo nguva dzose vhiri dhiraivha (kwete kuverenga kupora), kurasikirwa kuri maererano nekugadziriswa neinjini imwe chete kuchave kudiki. Asi ivo vachadaro, uye simba rakachengetwa mubhatiri chinhu chinoshomeka - kana tikanyanya kuishandisa pakutyaira, iwo akanyanya kuipa huwandu.

Saka, nzira yechitatu yekuwedzera huwandu hwemagetsi mana-mavhiri emotokari ane maviri ePSM motors ndeyekuwedzera bhatiri rinoshandiswa nenzira isina kujeka. Huwandu hwese hunogona kuramba hwakafanana, hunogona kushandiswa hunogona kusiyana, saka vanhu vanosarudza pakati peRWD/FWD neAWD havazonyatsoona mutsauko kunze kwekunge mugadziri ataura zvakananga.

Hatizivi kana nzira yatatsanangura iri kushandiswa nemunhu. Tesla mune hutsva hutatu hwekuita modhi inopa mutengi kuwana kune zvishoma inoshandisika bhatiri huwandu, asi pano zvinogona kubuda kuti sarudzo yekuita (Twin mota) haina kusiyana kubva kuLong Range (Dual Motor) musiyano.

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