Toyota Land Cruiser Prado injini
Zviri mukati
Muna 1987, Toyota dhizaini timu yakatanga kugadzira yakareruka vhezheni yeLand Cruiser inorema SUV - iyo 70 modhi. Iyo mota ine mikova mitatu yemuviri vhezheni yemota yaive budiriro huru pasi rese. Kuenderera mberi kwayo kwakabudirira kwaive mota yakareruka, yakagadzikana ine magonhi mashanu, iyo yakatanga kugadzirwa-zhinji muna 1990. Iyo nyowani-yese-mavhiri dhiraivha kubva-mumugwagwa dhizaini, ine giya rekudzikisa, kumashure uye kumberi kwakasimba maekisi, yakagamuchira serial zita Prado.
Nhoroondo yekusika uye kugadzira
Yekutanga, yakati rebei pakutaridzika, ine mahwindo akareba rectangular, uye yakaderera, squat engine compartment, mota inotaridzika zvisingaite kubva pakukwirira kwemakore apfuura. Chakavanzika chiri nyore: vagadziri vakachigadzira kwete zvachose seSUV. Akapinda mumusika wepasirese muchimiro chemota yemhuri-yemamiriro ekunze-yese-yepasi mota pamavhiri. Nzvimbo yegungano yePrado SUVs iToyota engineering mecca, mutsetse wegungano paTahara Plant muAichi Prefecture.
- Chizvarwa chekutanga (1990-1996).
Mukati memotokari, pamitsara mitatu yezvigaro, mukuwedzera kumutyairi, vamwe vafambi vanomwe vaigona kugara zvakanaka. Chiyero chekunyaradza chakanga chisati chamboitika kumotokari dzemakore iwayo. Uye zvakare, mainjiniya akapa Prado kugona kwakanakisa kuyambuka-nyika. Zvinonzwisisika kuti zvose peturu uye dizeli injini dzinofanira kunge dzakaiswa pamotokari huru yakadaro. Iyo dhizaini yakave yakabudirira zvekuti kwemakore mashanu iyo SUV yakatengeswa munyika dzakasiyana dzepasi pasina kana imwe chete shanduko yemaitiro.
- Chizvarwa chechipiri (1996-2002).
Sezvakaita munhevedzano yekutanga, mota dzemasuo matatu nemashanu dzakakunguruka kubva pamutsetse wegungano. Asi dhizaini yavo yePrado 90 yakanga isisatombo fana nekure semakona emuvambi weiyo modhi. Kushambadzira kwehasha kweMitsubishi Pajero kwakamanikidza vagadziri veToyota kuti vashande zvine muchero. Chimiro chechimiro chakavakirwa papuratifomu ye4Runner chakaita shanduko huru. Panzvimbo pemusero unoramba uripo, kuturika kwakazvimirira kwakaiswa pamberi. Kuvhara mayuniti maviri akasiyana akawedzerwa kune ese-vhiri dhiraivha dhizaini ine yekudzikisa giya - pakati uye kumashure axle. Iyo mhando yeinjini yakazadzikiswa ne140 hp turbocharged dhiziri unit.
- Chizvarwa chechitatu (2002-2009).
Dhizaini yemuviri yechizvarwa chechitatu Prado 120 yakaitwa nenyanzvi dzeFrance kubva kuED2 studio. Kugadziriswa kwemasuo mashanu kwakasvika pamusika weRussia pakutanga kwezana remakore idzva. Asi vatengi kune dzimwe nyika, sepakutanga, vakapiwawo shanduro yemasuo matatu. Izvo zvakakosha zvemotokari zvakapinda muchimiro chemazuva ano:
- furemu
- kumiswa pamberi;
- muviri.
Pakati pezvigadzirwa zvitsva, munhu anogona kuona kutaridzika kwepneumatic rear suspension, adaptive shock absorbers, up and down assist system, power steering, ABS, uye yemagetsi rear-view mirror. Iyo yekutyaira pfungwa uye kutapurirana kwemota hakuna kuchinja. Vashandisi vakapihwa sarudzo ye otomatiki (4x) uye mechanika (5x) kutumira.
- Chizvarwa chechina (2009 - 2018).
Iyi puratifomu nyowani yanga ichitenderera kubva pamutsetse weTahara Plant kwemakore gumi. Uye ichiri kare kuti titaure nezve kupera kwekugadzirwa kweSUV, iyo gore rega rega iri kuwedzera uye yemazuva ano. Iyo mota nyowani ine zvakawanda dhizaini pane zvigadzirwa zveinjiniya. Kana kutaridzika kuri kubvisa zvishoma nezvishoma shanduko dzakapinza mukuda kweakapfava akatenderedzwa maumbirwo, saka iyo yemukati dhizaini, pane zvinopesana, yave inosiyaniswa neiyo chaiyo geometry.
Restyling muna 2013 yakawedzera huwandu hukuru hwehungwaru hutsva kune mota package:
- 4,2-inch LCD yekutarisa pane dashboard;
- kupatsanura chiedza chemwenje;
- adaptive kumiswa (yepamusoro shanduro);
- kumashure kwekuona kamera;
- injini yekutanga system isina kiyi yekubatidza;
- kumisa kinetic kudzikamisa system;
- trailer sway control program.
Ndaza iyi inogona kuenderera mberi nekusingaperi. Kune akasiyana mapoka evatengi, vagadziri vePrado vakagadzirira mana ekutanga mavhezheni ematanho emazinga - Entry, Legend, Prestige uye Executive.
Zvichienderana nerudzii rwekumiswa pamotokari, mutyairi wePrado SUV yemazuva ano ane sarudzo yakakura yekutyaira modhi mune arsenal:
- matatu chiyero - ECO, NORMAL, SPORT;
- maviri anochinja - SPORT S uye SPORT S +.
Imwe neimwe modhi ine yega seti yezvigadziro zvekushanda kweiyo dhiraivha, giya bhokisi uye kuvhunduka kunobata. Vagadziri vemotokari vakapotsa vasvika pachinangwa chavo.
Vagadziri vePrado vakazadzisa chinangwa chavo: iyo SUV nyowani iri padyo sezvinobvira maererano nehunhu hwayo kune mureza Land Cruiser 200.
Injini dzeToyota Land Cruiser Prado
Iyo hofori yekutyaira-mavhiri inogona kunyatso kukwikwidza maererano nenguva yekugadzira neakareba emusika wemotokari, akagadzirwa nechikwata cheToyota auto kunetseka - Corolla, Chaser, Celica, Camry, RAV4. Uyezve, zvikamu zviviri chete zvakaiswa pazvizvarwa zviviri zvekutanga zvePrado - 1KZ-TE uye 5VZ-FE. Chete muzana ramakore idzva mutsara wemotor wakagadziridzwa zvishoma. Maitiro akadaro akaoma uye anorema anoda nzira yakakomba yekugadzira, uye inogadzirwa kwenguva yakareba. Kwemakore makumi maviri nemasere, injini nhanhatu chete dzeToyota dzinenge dzave chikamu chePrado power plant.
| Kumaka | Tora | Ukuru, cm 3 | Simba guru, kW / hp | Power system |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1KZ-TE | dhiziri turbocharged | 2982 | 92/125 | multipoint jekiseni, OHC |
| 5VZ-FE | peturu | 3378 | 129/175 | jekiseni rakagoverwa |
| 1GR-FE | -: - | 3956 | 183/249 | -: - |
| 2TR-FE | -: - | 2693 | 120/163 | -: - |
| 1KD-FTV | dhiziri turbocharged | 2982 | 127/173 | DOHC, Common Rail + intercooler |
| 1GD-FTV | -: - | 2754 | 130/177 | Zvakajairika Rail |
Kunyangwe iwo chaiwo ehunyanzvi hunhu, maPrado motors aive akakwana kuisirwa pane mamwe mahombe emhando dzeToyota mota (gumi nematanhatu):
| The model | 1KZ-TE | 5VZ-FE | 1GR-FE | 2TR-FE | 1KD-FTV | 1GD-FTV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mota | ||||||
| Toyota | ||||||
| 4Mumhanyi | * | * | ||||
| Grand Hiace | * | * | ||||
| Granviva | * | * | ||||
| FJ Cruiser | * | |||||
| rombo rakanaka | * | * | * | |||
| Hiace | * | * | * | * | ||
| Hilux PickUp | * | * | * | |||
| Houno Mambo wouya | * | |||||
| Hilux Surf | * | * | * | * | * | |
| Land cruiser | * | |||||
| Land cruiser prado | * | * | * | * | * | * |
| Royal | * | |||||
| Royal Ace | * | * | * | |||
| Tacoma | * | * | ||||
| Touring Hiace | * | |||||
| Tundra | * | * | ||||
| Zvose: | 8 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 5 |
Senguva dzose, chokwadi cheJapan uye chido chekuverenga mabhenefiti ehupfumi kwenguva refu akaita basa. Paunenge uchishandisa musimboti wekubatanidza nodal, mamaneja nevagadziri vaisangoda kushandisa nguva nemari kugadzira mayuniti matsva kana vaine makopi akagadzirwa emhando yepamusoro.
Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa injini yeLand Cruiser Prado mota
Sezvo pasina akawanda mamodheru akaiswa injini dzakafanana paPrado SUV, zvine musoro kufunga iyo inonyanya kufarirwa unit pakati pemhando dzese. Pasina kupokana, iyo yakanyanya simba unit, iyo mana-lita peturu 1GR-FE, yakava shasha yemakore gumi ekutanga ezana ramakore rechi5 maererano nehuwandu hwekushandiswa. Yayo yekutanga pasi pehodhi yePrado panzvimbo yeiyo isingachashandi 2002VZ-FE panguva iyoyo yakanyorwa XNUMX.
Nekuda kwekufarirwa kunoshamisa kweSUVs uye kumashure-mavhiri mapikicha pamativi ese ePacific, kunze kweJapan, kugadzirwa kwayo kwakavambwa muUnited States of America.
Iyo mota inogadzirwa mumhando mbiri:
- neVVTi phase regulator;
- Dual-VVTi.
Ukuru - 3956 cm³. Iyo inosiyana kubva kune mamwe mayuniti anoshandiswa muPrado neV-yakaumbwa kurongeka kwemasilinda (camber angle 60 °). Peak injini torque pa3200 rpm - 377 N * m. Izvo zvisina kunaka zvehunyanzvi hunhu zvinosanganisira huwandu hukuru hwekukuvadza kuburitsa (kusvika 352 g / km) uye ruzha rukuru. Basa remhuno rinonzwika sekurira kwakapfava kwemahwanda ebhiza.
Iyo aluminium cylinder block, hunhu hweToyota injini mutsara wezana ramakore idzva, inowedzerwa neakakanda simbi liners. Mushure mekutsiva muna 2009 zvinhu zvinorema zveboka repiston uye crankshaft ine akareruka zvienzaniso, iine Dual-VVTi phase regulator, mota yakakwanisa kugadzira 285 hp.
Mukuwedzera, panguva yekugadzirisa, maitiro ekutora akachinjwa, nekuda kwekuti iyo compression ratio yakawedzera kusvika 10,4: 1.
Mune 1GR-FE vagadziri, kunze kwemapiston akareruka. Imwe imba yekupisa squish itsva yakaiswa. Kubatsira kwekuziva uku kuri pachena. Pamusoro peiyo yatocherechedzwa kuwedzera kukuru kwesimba, kushanda kwepeturu kwakawedzera (passport version - AI-92). Gasoline condensation yakadziviswa nekuda kwekushandiswa kwechimiro chitsva chezviteshi zvekutora zvakaderedzwa zvishoma kana tichienzanisa ne5VZ-FE.
Pre-styling makopi emota akadzivirira dambudziko rakakura nenzira yekudonha kwemafuta. Asi chimwe chishuwo chakamirira vatyairi: kuwedzeredza kushoma kunogona kutungamira mukuparara kwecylinder head gasket. Izvi zvaida kuwedzera kutariswa kumaitiro ekushanda kwesimba rekupa magetsi. Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwema hydraulic lifters. Zviuru zana zvemamaira. Mileage inoda kugadziriswa kwevharuvhu uchishandisa washers chaiwo. Nekutarisira kwakakodzera uye kudzivirira kwezvidiki zvisashanda (katatu, kuputika mabhatani, "kushambira" pausina basa, nezvimwewo), iyo yakajairika injini sosi yaive 300 zviuru zvemakiromita.
Yakanaka injini sarudzo yePrado
Injini dzeToyota Land Cruiser Prado SUVs dzakananga chaizvo. Kune chikamu chikuru, aya ndiwo akaomesesa tekinoroji zvikamu umo vagadziri vakakwanisa kubatanidza akawanda emazuva ano matekinoroji mumunda we chemistry, mechanics, kinematics, optics, zvemagetsi uye huchenjeri hwekugadzira. Mumwe muenzaniso wakadaro ndeye 1KD-FTV turbocharged dhiziri injini. Uyu ndiye dangwe remutsva weKD mota akatevedzana, akakunguruka kubva pamutsetse wegungano muna 2000. Kubva ipapo, yakadzokororwa yakagadziridzwa kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemagetsi uye kuwedzera kushanda.
Kuenzanisa miedzo yakaitwa pakati peinjini iyi uye yakatangira, 1KZ-TE, yakaratidza kuti muenzaniso mutsva une 17% yakasimba. Ichi mhedzisiro yakawanikwa nekuda kweiyo yakasanganiswa magetsi ekupa system uye kutonga kwemafuta musanganiswa wekugadzira maitiro. Iyo mota yakasvika padyo maererano nemaitiro emagetsi kune yakanakisa mienzaniso yeinjini dzepeturu. Uye maererano ne torque, yakanyatso dhonza kumberi.
Mainjiniya vakakwanisa kuwana yakasarudzika compression reshiyo ye17,9: 1. Iyo injini ine capricious kwazvo, sezvo yakaita zvakanyanya kudiwa pamhando yemafuta edhiziri akadirwa mumatangi. Kana pane yakawandisa sarufa mukati mayo, kushanda kwakasimba kwakaparadza nozzles mumakore 5-7. Taifanira kungwarira zvikuru negadziriro itsva yemafuta. Iyo yakajairika njanji bhatiri mashandiro uye EGR vharafu yaida kutariswa kwakanyanya.
Kana mafuta emhando yakaderera akadirwa mutangi, zvisaririra zvisina kupiswa zvakaiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana muhurongwa:
- pamusoro pekutora manifold uye dampers yegadziriro yekushandura geometry yayo;
- paEGR valve.
Rudzi rwekupopota rwakachinja pakarepo uye nhanho yekudhonza yakaderera. Nzira ye "kurapa" yedambudziko ndeyekudzivirira kuchenesa kwezvinhu zvehuni system uye turbocharging yega 50-70 zviuru zvemakiromita. run.
Pamusoro pezvo, kutyaira mumigwagwa isina kugadzirwa zvakanaka kunokonzera kudedera. Zvose izvi zvinoderedza hupenyu hwemotokari mumigwagwa yeRussia kusvika 100 zviuru zvemakiromita. Zvisinei, zvinetso zvinogona kudziviswa nebetsero yokungwarira kudzivirira. Semuenzaniso, kugara uchichengetedza mavharuvhu uye kugadziridzwa kweanopisa gaps kunowedzera mileage isati yadzokororwa.
Pakati pezvimwe zvipingamupinyi, munhu anogona kuona dambudziko rakajairika rezvikamu zvose zveToyota - kunyanya kushandiswa kwemafuta uye kubika.
Pasinei nekusaziva uye kusaziva kwekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa maitiro, injini ye1KD-FTV yakaratidza zvakanakisisa pasi pehodhi yeToyota Land Cruiser Prado. Nekutarisisa kwakaringana, maitiro ekushanda akakodzera uye bvunzo dzekudzivirira dzenguva dzose uye kugadzirisa, mota "yakabhadhara" varidzi veSUVs nemari yakafanana - simba, kumhanya uye kuvimbika.
