Mudhudhudhu wemagetsi, unoshanda sei?
Zviri mukati
Kuwedzera kuita uye kumhanya pahupenyu hwebhatiri, dzimwe nguva kuchaja dambudziko
Hapana rutsigiro kubva kumasangano ehurumende mukusimudzira iyi "green" nzira yekufambisa
Muchikamu chemotokari, chikamu chemotokari dzemagetsi chakapfuura 1% mumusika weFrance pakupera kwa2015: inoramba iri niche, asi niche duku, iyo inotanga kumira munharaunda, nekuda kwekutora chikamu kwevatambi vakuru. iyo indasitiri yemotokari (Renault-Nissan, BMW, Mercedes, Kia , Volkswagen, PSA, SEAT) uye kushingaira kwevanopinda vatsva Musika wacho wakawedzera zvakapetwa kane mumakore mashanu anotevera.
Uye midhudhudhu mune zvese izvi? Muna 2019 chete, mota dzemagetsi dzakapfuura 1% yemusika wemavhiri maviri (1,3% muFrance muna 2020). Isu hatisati tasvika padanho re niche parizvino, tangova padanho rembwa pazasi pendiro. Izvi zviri pasinei nekukura kwekutora chikamu kwevatyairi vemidhudhudhu (BMW, KTM, Harley-Davidson, Polaris) uye basa revanopinda vatsva (Zero Motorcycle, Energica, Lightning ...). Dynamism nhasi inouya zvakanyanya kubva kune scooters, kusanganisira enhoroondo mhando seVespa ine Elettrica yayo. Pano tiri kutaura zvakawanda nezvemhando dzisingazivikanwe makore mashoma apfuura seKeke, Niu, Super Socco, Xiaomi.
MuFrance, anenge makore gumi mushure mekuvambwa muna 10, Zero Midhudhudhu ichiri kungotengesa mota makumi mashanu pagore, Bruno Müller, director wayo weFrance, akatiudza paParis Motor Show yekupedzisira. BMW panguva iyoyo ndiyo yega yaichengeta scooter yayo, C Evolution, ichitengesa zvingangosvika mazana mashanu emayunitsi pagore, ichipfuura zvinotarisirwa uye kufanotaura kwemugadziri weBavaria uye kusabatanidzwa kweFrance.
Kubva panguva iyo, hapasisina vhiki pasina kuona pfungwa itsva yemagetsi maviri-mavhiri, uye mwedzi usina mhando itsva dzemagetsi emagetsi.
Nyika yemidhudhudhu ine tsika inochengetedza kupfuura nyika yemotokari, uyezve, haifarire mutero wakafanana wekukurudzira unobvumira shamwari dzedu dze6300WD kutyaira chinyararire, dzichitsigirwa nevezera ravo (rangarira kuti kutenga mota yemagetsi kunobvumidza iwe kutora mukana. ye € 10 bhonasi, yakawedzera kusvika ku € 000 kana iwe ukabvisa yekare Zvisinei, inoti "Kuenzana" pane pediment yedzimba dzedu dzose dzetaundi, asi hey ... Mafungiro anofanira kushanduka kuti abatanidze zvipingamupinyi zvechokwadi kana zvinoonekwa, pakati izvo kuzvitonga chaiko nemachaja hazvisi zvishoma.kunyangwe zvichivandudza gore negore.
Uye ipapo pane mubvunzo wemutengo: mudhudhudhu wemagetsi uchiri kudhura. Zero renji, ine mitengo yakadzikira kubva ipapo, inotangira pa10 € ichikwira kusvika ku220 € (kana kunyange zviuru zvishoma nesarudzo dzekukurumidza kuchaja), nepo BMW scooter ichiratidza kubva ku17 € uye Energica inodarika zviuru makumi matatu zvemadhora senge. naHarley Livewire. Nekudaro, tikiti rekubvumidzwa rakakwira, kunyangwe mutengo wevashandisi ukazodzikiswa zvakanyanya. Zero Midhudhudhu inoti mutengo we "mafuta" wakatenderedza € 990 ega ega 15 makiromita uye midhudhudhu inoda zvakaringana kugadziriswa. Ah, kamwe kamwe kunowedzera kunakidza zvishoma.
Asi nenzira, mudhudhudhu wemagetsi unoshanda sei?
Injini
Kuti unzwisise kuti mota yemagetsi inoshanda sei kunoda akati wandei pfungwa dzefizikisi. Maizviziva here kuti zvichienderana nepolarity yavo, magineti anogona kukwezva kana kudzinga mumwe nemumwe? Zvakanaka, kana iwe uchiziva izvozvo, wakashongedzerwa kuti unzwisise kuti mota yemagetsi inoshanda sei: zvakanyanya, ingoisa zvikamu zviviri zvemagineti chiso nechiso, mapolarities ayo ari kwakapesana: chikamu chakamira chemota chinonzi stator. Kana ikozvino inopfuura nepakati payo, inokwezva iyo yakatarisana polarity: inowanikwa pane axis, saka inotanga kutenderera uye inonzi rotor. Sezvizvi. Zvadaro zvakakwana kuti rotor ibatanidzwe kune axis yekutumira: ipapo simba remagetsi rinova mechanical. Pano une simba rakakwana rekumhanya Mashiripiti Musanganiswa Super Blender kubva kuTélé-Achat ("hongu Maryse, nekuda kwezvishongedzo zvayo mazana matatu nemakumi maviri unogona kugadzira makarotsi akachekwa uye zvinonaka zvemukaka" / "Zvakanaka, Pierre uye zvese izvi nemari ine mwero ye320 euros chete, ine bhonasi yevaraidzi voucher muviri ") kana, zvakanakisisa, fambisa motokari. Isu tiripo.
Pabepa, mota yemagetsi ine zvakawanda zvakanakira: zvikamu zvishoma zvinofamba, kuderedzwa kwemagetsi (uye nekudaro kuganhurwa "marara emagetsi"), hapana mvura yemukati (uye nekudaro hapana madhireni kana kuvuza), kuderedzwa kutonhora kunodiwa (vamwe vanofara nenzvimbo yavo) mhepo uye, saka, zvakare haidi kutonhora kwemvura yakaoma), tisingatauri chinhu chikuru: hapana kuputika kwemukati, hapana kusvibiswa, kunyarara kukuru kwekushanda uye torque yakakura pane yakaderera kutenderera kumhanya. Kureruka kwekugadzirwa kwayo kunovimbisawo kusimba kwakanakisa. Kusiyana neinjini yekupisa yemukati, mota yemagetsi haidi kudziyiswa: unogona kusvetukira pamudhudhudhu, kubatidza gasi! Pakupedzisira, watts ... (hongu, joke iri rinoyamwa, asi ndaifanira kuitumira kune imwe nzvimbo ...).
Zvino ngatitore nhanho kumashure: chii chatiri kuidyisa, injini iyi?
Mabhatiri: pane Li-Ion kana Ni-Mh?
Kusiyana nemagetsi mahybrid mota dzakadai seToyota Prius, mabhatiri emudhudhudhu emagetsi anochajwa. Nokudaro, izvi zvine migumisiro miviri: kukwanisa kwavo kunofanira kuva kukuru, uye teknolojia yavo yakasiyanawo.
Mabhatiri anochajwa anowanzo lithium ion (Lithium-ion) tekinoroji, ine simba rakapetwa katatu kune imwecheteyo vhoriyamu (asi zvakare inodhura zvakanyanya) kupfuura yechipiri tekinoroji, nickel metal hydride (Ndi-Mh). Energica ine lithium polymer mabhatiri. Lithium-ion mabhatiri anewo mashoma ndangariro mhedzisiro, nekudaro hukuru hwavo hwekugara nekufamba kwenguva. Nekudaro, Zero inovimbisa anopfuura 300 makiromita uku ichichengeta inokwana makumi masere muzana yebhatiri reti. Kune rimwe divi, njodzi dzemapfupi maseketi dzakakura neLi-Ion: saka iyo yakanyanya kuoma michina, iyo inorema uye inodhura zvakanyanya.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, tsvagiridzo inokwidziridzwa padanho rebhatiri kune yakakura huwandu zvakare mune yakawanda compact uye zvakare ine mashoma mashoma simbi.
Nokudaro, kushanda kwemotokari yemagetsi kunoenderana nesimba rejini, pamwe nekukwanisa kwemabhatiri kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti kushanda uku kunochengetwa kwenguva yakareba sezvinobvira, nehuwandu.
Nhasi, huwandu hwebhatiri reBMW C Evolution scooter i11 kWh, nepo Zero renji rakavakirwa pamotokari dzinotangira pa3,3 kusvika 13 kWh. Chete Energica ine bhatiri re21,5 kWh.
Chimwe chinhu: uremu. Nokudaro, BMW inovimbisa makiromita zana emakiromita kune scooter yayo (ichiri kurema makirogiramu 265), nepo Zero inogona kufamba kubva pamakiromita makumi matanhatu nematanhatu (mu66 yeFX ZF2015 duku, inorema makirogiramu 3.3 chete) kusvika ku112 km (DS neDSR ZF312 nePower Tank, bhatiri rekuwedzera rinounza shanduro yese yeEnduro kana Supermoto harina kukwanisa kusvika kure nemabhatiri e13.0 kWh. 80 maminetsi eskating.-park uye hops Asi ichokwadi kuti yekupedzisira yaifanira kuramba yakareruka sezvinobvira. Energica inozivisa 400 makiromita emhando (mumaguta), asi muchokwadi isu tiri kutenderera makiromita 180, izvo zvichiri kupfuura makumi emakiromita makore mashoma apfuura. Nhasi, motokari yemagetsi ine mavhiri maviri inogona kudarika kureba kwe100 km.
Asi apa ndipo apo equation inonyengera, sezvo iwe uchifanira kuisa cursor zvine hungwaru pakati pemabhatiri makuru uye huremu hushoma, uchiziva kuti uremu huri kutambisa bhatiri ... Hazvisi nyore. Chero zvazvingava, isu tinogona kutoona iyo 13 kWh Zero Midhudhudhu DS uye DSR kuve inoremekedzeka, kunyangwe kukosha kwakasarudzika! Kuti uise zvinhu nenzira kwayo, ziva kuti BMW X5 40th (Plug-in Hybrid) ine 9,2 kWh yemabhatiri, iyo inobvumira iyi hombe 2,2 ton SUV kufamba makiromita makumi matatu mune ese-magetsi muoti; Nissan Leaf ya2016 ine 30 kWh, inoda 250 km yemhando uye inofamba 200 km muchokwadi.
Kudzoreredza
Bhatiri rine mabhatiri / maseru akawanda. Zero i 128. Pavanotanga kubhadharisa zvizere, kazhinji kutenderera 85%, iyo BMS (Battery Management System) inopa maerekitironi. Uye kuwanda kwemasero aripo, zvinotora nguva yakareba kuarongedza kuti atumire kunzvimbo chaiyo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, bhatiri rinotora nguva yakareba kuti richajike pazana yekupedzisira. Ichi ndicho chikonzero vamwe vagadziri vanotaura zvakawanda nezvenguva dzekuchaja dzeanosvika 80%.
Nokuti nguva yekuchaja imwe nyaya nemotokari dzemagetsi. Nekuti bhatiri kuchaja kunotora nguva yakareba. Zvichida kukurumidza kuchinjana hurongwa se plug uye kutambasezvo mabhiza akachinja muMiddle Ages Post relays. Vamwe vari kutoshanda pane izvi uye vachipa mazano akadai seGogoro kana Silence modhi, asi hapana mhinduro inoonekwa munguva pfupi.
Kuchaja mune network
Naizvozvo, mukusavapo kwekutsiva nekukurumidza, iwe unofanirwa kuchaja bhatiri pane mains. Matambudziko ari pano ari nyore uye ane chekuita nekuyerwa kwekuyerera kwesimba rinopinda nekubuda. Pamudhuri wenguva dzose mumba mako, zvinosuwisa kuti kuyerera ndiko kwakadzikira: saka verenga huwandu hwe1,8 kWh kana maawa akati wandei ekuchaja zvichienderana nesimba rebhatiri nechaja. Saka bhatiri re5,6kWh rine 600W charger rinoda maawa mapfumbamwe ekuchaja, asi zvinokurudzirwa kuti ritariswe nenyanzvi yemagetsi nekuti rinofanirwa kuyerera kwemaawa akawanda uye unofanirwa kudzivirirwa kubva pakupisa.
Kuchaja pamaterminals
Type 3 zviteshi (Autolib style) zvine mutoro unonzwa muterminal uye unogona kuyerera kusvika 3,7 kWh. Pakupedzisira, Tesla's inokurumidza kuchaja materminal uye supercharger inogona kuchaja kusvika ku50 kWh. Midhudhudhu mizhinji, kune rumwe rutivi, haina kugadzirwa kugashira idzi dzekukurumidza-kukurumidza zvitoro (kunze kweEnergica ine CCS socket). Nekudaro, sezvakaita Zero, vanogona kushandisa "Charge Tank" accessory, iyo inoshanda seamplifier uye inochaja iyo 13 kWh modhi mumaawa matatu uye 3 kWh modhi mumaawa maviri.
Mumotokari, vamwe vagadziri vanobatsira vatengi kushongedza inokurumidza kuchaja chiteshi kumba uye dzimwe nguva vanonakidzwa nerutsigiro rwakazara rwekushanda. Parizvino, mudhudhudhu haupi chero chinhu chakaenzana, asi zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti musi waChikunguru 12, 2011, mutemo wakadzikwa pamusoro pe "kodzero yekubata hove" mumakondomu: kana mumwe wevaridzi vepamwe akanyorera kuisirwa socket yekuchaja munzvimbo yekupaka kana chikamu chakajairika, haagone kurambwa (yeakaundi yako).
Luxury inzvimbo ...
Kutanga ne Waisambofara 1899 (mota yekutanga kudarika 100 km / h yakanga yatova motokari yemagetsi), dambudziko remotokari dzemagetsi rakanga riri nyore: tinonamatira mabhatiri pasi nokuti pane imwe nzvimbo, uye inoomesa iyo yose uye tinogona kuzadza. ivo. Pamidhudhudhu, dambudziko rakanyanya kuoma, uye saka dambudziko revainjiniya nderekukodzera zvese munzvimbo inowanikwa pamudhudhudhu, zvisikwa (zvakaoma kuseka, ipapo) zvishoma.
Vagadziri vanewo basa rekuita nekubatanidza mabhatiri aya asingataridzike. Kufanana neBrammo, maZero ekutanga aitaridzika semafiriji ane mavhiri ane mabhatiri akashata akabatanidzwa, asi zvinhu zvave nani kubva ipapo. Semuenzaniso, iyo Harley-Davidson Livewire yakanaka pakuvanza mutambo wayo pamwe neiyo Energy yeEgo RS +. Panguva ino, midhudhudhu yemagetsi iri kubva pafadhi dzemavhiri, sezvazvaive pakutanga. Tekinoroji yemazuva ano zvakare inobvumidza iwe kuti utarise mwero wekuchaja kana kuironga uchishandisa maapplication pane yako smartphone. Zvese izvi zvinokutendera kuti uwane mudhudhudhu, tarisa mashandisiro ayo parwendo rwega rwega uye uve nekuzvimiririra kwayo munguva chaiyo.
Nokudaro, nokuda kwekuvandudzwa kwayo, midhudhudhu yemagetsi inofanira kukwanisa kuvimba nekuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa, izvo zvinogona kungobatsira mudemokrasi uye nemitengo yakaderera. Ichi ndicho musimboti wechinangwa cheGEME, European electric motorcycle movement, iyo ichave iripo pane inotevera EVER muMonaco.
