Vagadziri vemagetsi vanokunda Madokero

Dai waingotarisa kukura kwekutengeswa kwemotokari dzemagetsi munyika dzakapfuma dzekuMadokero, ungadai wakaomerwa nekuramba kukwira kwechido chemagetsi. Kune rimwe divi, iyi "revolution" iri kuitika zvakanyanya nekuda kwerubatsiro rwehurumende uye chaizvo nekuti tiri kutaura nezve nyika dzakapfuma.

Motokari yemagetsi dhiraivha-yakakura kupfuura injini yekupisa yemukati nekuti maapplication ayo ekutanga akaonekwa mumaXNUMXs-yave kusangana nekuvandudzwa mumakore achangopfuura. Ichokwadi, vanopokana vanoti nekuda kwekukwira kwemitengo yemafuta emafuta, hazvigoneke kusaona kufambira mberi kukuru kwetekinoroji kwakawanikwa munguva pfupi yapfuura neelectromobilization. Mabhenefiti ezvakatipoteredza emotokari dzemagetsi (EVs) akakoshawo.

Kukurudzira kwakasimba kwekuvandudzwa kwe electromobilization yaive sarudzo yazvino yaElon Musk, CEO weTesla, kupa mota yemagetsi nemutengo unokwanisika. Kwevhiki, pre-kutengeswa kweModel 3 yakawanda se325 zviuru. vanhu vakatenda account yekambani nemari yekutanga ye1 zviuru. Musk akabvuma kuti kuverenga kwakagadzirirwa zvichienderana nekuongororwa kunogadzirisa mutengo wekutengesa wemotokari yechina kubva kumugadziri uyu pa42 3. gomba. Iyo yakachipa shanduro yeModel 35 inodhura 30 rubles. gomba. (iyi ndiyo mutengo wepakati wekutenga wemotokari itsva muU.SA), iyo, mushure mekubvisa mari yepamusoro inopihwa kutengwa kwemotokari yemagetsi, inopa mutengo zviri pasi pePLN XNUMX. gomba.

Mukufara, Tesla akazivisa kuti vhiki yekutanga yaApril 2016 ichayeukwa senguva iyo mota dzemagetsi dzakava chigadzirwa chemazuva ese. Model 3 inotarisirwa kupinda mukugadzirwa mukupera kwa2017, asi zvave kutozivikanwa kuti nezvirongwa zvebudiriro zvekambani iyi, vatengi vazhinji vachafanira kumirira rimwe gore, kana makore maviri, kusvika mota yavo yatanga kutengeswa. kusimudzwa. Saka Elon Musk akasimbisa zviri pamutemo kuti Tesla atanga kutsvaga nzira dzekuwedzera huwandu hwekugadzira.

Kubudirira nerubatsiro rwehurumende

Parizvino, angangoita ese makuru anogadzira muindasitiri yemotokari ari kugadzira iyi tekinoroji. Huwandu hwemotokari dzemagetsi dzinotengeswa pasi rose huri kukura zvakanyanya. Nhasi, Nissan ichine Leaf semotokari inotengeswa zvakanyanya.

Zvinoenderana nekufanotaura kwakaburitswa muna Kurume gore rino neBritish kambani yekutsvagisa Frost & Sullivan, mushure me2020, mamirioni gumi emotokari dzemagetsi anotarisirwa kunge ari mumigwagwa yenyika. Panguva iyoyo, motokari dzakasvibirira dzichaita nezve 1/3 yemotokari dzinotengeswa mumisika yakabudirira uye inenge 1/5 mumaguta ari munyika dzichiri kusimukira. International research agency Navigant Research inofanotaura kuti panosvika 2023, kutengeswa kwemotokari dzemagetsi kuchaita 2,4% yemotokari yechizvarwa chitsva pasi rese. Nekudaro, musika wepasi rose wemotokari dzemagetsi unogona kurekodha kukura kwekutengesa kubva pamamirioni 2,7 muna 2014 kusvika 6,4 miriyoni muna 2023.

Censuswide yakapa Go Ultra Low, mushandirapamwe wekukurudzira kutengwa kwemotokari dzakaderera-kabhoni, netsvagiridzo inoratidza vechidiki vekuMadokero vane makore gumi nemana kusvika ku14 vanoronga kutenga mota yemagetsi semotokari yavo yekutanga. Vanenge vasere mugumi vane makore 17 okukura—81% kuva chaivo—vanoda motokari yemagetsi. Kunyangwe chikamu ichi chichidzikira zvishoma sezvo zera revakapindura rinowedzera, rinoramba riri pamusoro pe50%.

MuUK, avhareji ye2016 mota dzemagetsi dzakanyoreswa zuva nezuva mukota yekutanga ye115. Ichi ndicho chigumisiro chakanakisisa kubva munaJanuary 2011, apo hurumende yemunharaunda yakasarudza kutsigira kutengeswa kwemhando iyi yemotokari nekuunza hurongwa hwekubatsira. Nhamba yemotokari dzemagetsi dzakatengwa kuburikidza nerubatsiro pazvitsuwa zvinodarika zviuru makumi matanhatu. Iyo UK yave musika wakakura wechikamu ichi, kunyangwe ichitevedza diki Netherlands maererano nekunyoresa.

Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuunzwa kwemutemo unobvumidza mota dzemagetsi chete kuti dzipiwe pamusika weDutch kubva ku2025. Ruzivo nezve izvi rwakapihwa newebhusaiti csmonitor.com. Pfungwa iyi yakakurudzirwa neBato reko reLabour Party, iro purojekiti yavo inofungidzira kurambidzwa kuunzwa kwemotokari dzine peturu nedhiziri mumusika wepamba kubva muna 2025. Motokari dzine rudzi urwu rwokufambisa, idzo dzingadai dzakanyoreswa apo kurambidzwa kwakatangwa, dzaigona kuramba dziri mubasa uye “kufa” zvakadzikama.

Paunenge uchitenga motokari dzemagetsi, maDutch anogona kuverenga, kunyanya, pakusunungurwa kubva mumugwagwa uye mitero yekunyoresa (pamwe chete inosvika 5,3 zviuru zveeuro kuvanhu uye kusvika ku19 zviuru zvemaeuro kumakambani kwemakore mana ekutanga ekushandiswa). Chiyedzo chinopihwa chakamirira varidzi vemakambani ekutakura uye vatyairi vetekisi vanosarudza kushandura mota ine yemhando yepamusoro injini kuita mota yemagetsi. Paunenge uchitenga mota yakadai, vanozogamuchira imwe mubhadharo inosvika 5. euros. Pamusoro pezvo, vagari vemuRotterdam vanogona kushandisa nzvimbo yekupaka pakati peguta pasina muripo gore rose mushure mekunyoresa mota yavo. Kuwana materminal ekuchaja nekukurumidza munyika yose zvakare mahara.

Germany inofungidzira kuti kuchave nemotokari dzemagetsi dzinosvika miriyoni mumigwagwa mukupera kwa2020. Kuti chinangwa ichi chizadziswe, chirongwa chakakosha chehurumende chakatangwa muna 2010 kusimudzira mota dzine utsi shoma mumigwagwa yeGerman. Iyo purojekiti inopa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu: kuregererwa pamutero wepagore wemugwagwa wemotokari dzemagetsi uye plug-in mahybrids kwenguva yemakore mashanu kubva pazuva rekutanga kunyoreswa (muPoland mutero wakadaro unosanganisirwa mumutengo wemafuta), kutora mukana. yemutero wakasarudzika wevanhu vanoshandisa bhizinesi remotokari nekuda kwezvinangwa zvavo, uye nekuwedzera kune simba kwetiweki yezviteshi zvekuchaja zvinokurumidza munyika yose.

Norway inyika iyo inotarisa zvakajeka pamotokari dzemagetsi - gore rakapera, kubva pamamiriyoni mashanu evagari vemo, pakanga patova ne5 yavo. mota dzemagetsi dzakanyoreswa. Vanhu vekuNorway vanotyaira mota dzemagetsi havabhadharwe pamutero wekutenga mota (kusanganisira VAT), mutero wepagore wemugwagwa, uye kupaka uye mubhadharo wenharaunda. Mukuwedzera, vanogona kushandisa nzira dzemabhazi.

Saizvozvo, hurumende inopa mibairo maSweden nekushandisa mota dzemagetsi. Paunenge uchitenga motokari yemagetsi, ivo vanongoerekana vasunungurwa pamutero wepagore wemotokari kwemakore mashanu ekutanga mushure mekunyoresa. Uye zvakare, mabhizinesi eSweden uye masangano anogona kuvimba nerubatsiro rwePLN 40 18,5. korona (inenge zviuru makumi mana zvezlotys) yekutenga zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi. Mukana wechitatu kudzikiswa kwemutero we40% kana uchishandisa mota yekambani nekuda kwezvinangwa zvako.

Dzimwe nyika dzeEurope dziri kutangawo kutarisa nezvekuiswa kwemagetsi kuindasitiri yemotokari. VaIrish neRomania vanokwira kusvika pa5 kana vachitenga mota yakaderera emission. Co-financing mumaeuro, maBritish anosvika 5 pounds, maSpaniards anosvika 6 zviuru zveeuro, maFrench anosvika 7 zviuru zveeuro, uye vagari vemuMonaco vanosvika 9 zviuru zveeuro.

Sezvauri kuona, kuwedzera kwenhamba yemotokari dzemagetsi kunonyanya kukonzerwa nerubatsiro. MuPoland, uko rubatsiro rwakaipa, mazana emotokari dzemhando iyi dzinotengeswa gore negore. Izvi zvakaderera zvakapetwa kapfumbamwe pane muGermany. Chekutanga pane zvese, isu tinofanirwa kuwedzera network yekuchaja. Parizvino, isu tine 150 mapoinzi akadaro munyika yedu.

Pantographs yeramangwana

Pamwoyo wekushanduka kwemagetsi ndeyekutsvaga uye kutsvaga mhinduro itsva. VaSweden, somuenzaniso, munguva pfupi yapfuura vakatanga kuedza rori yemagetsi yokutanga. Mamodheru ane pantograph achayedzwa mumakore maviri anotevera pamakiromita maviri emumugwagwa weE16 kuchamhembe kweStockholm. Mota dzakasanganiswa idzi dzakagadzirwa neScania uye dzava kushanda neSiemens kuti dzifananidze nekufambisa.

Scania rori ine pantograph

Nguva yekudzidza yemakore maviri inofanirwa kusimbisa kana sisitimu, inodaidzwa kuti E-Highway, ine scalable uye ichazviratidza semhinduro inoshanda mune ramangwana. Sisitimu iyi inotarisirwa kuita simba rakapetwa kaviri pane iri kushandiswa parizvino. Chinhu chayo chikuru pantograph yakangwara yakasanganiswa neiyo hybrid drive, iyo inoibvumira kufamba nekumhanya kunosvika 90 km/h. Iyi imhinduro yakavakirwa pane zvese bhatiri uye gasi rerori hybrid drive system, saka mota inogona kutyaira kunyangwe yakabviswa kubva pamutsetse wepamusoro.

Siemens iri kushanda pane imwe nzira muCalifornia mukubatana neVolvo. Muna 2017, marori ane zvivakwa zvekudhonza zvemugwagwa mukuru wemagetsi ari kubuda anozoedzwa padyo nezviteshi zveLos Angeles neLong Beach.

Ground Rapid Transport mota dzakagadzirirwa vagari vekuSingapore.

Kune rimwe divi renyika, Singapore's SMRT Services (yechipiri pakukura kambani yekutakura veruzhinji mumusika wemuno), pamwe newayo wechiDutch 2 Getthere Holding, iri kuunza akazvimirira ega emagetsi taxi mumigwagwa yeSingapore, nokudaro vachitora nzvimbo yekutanga. . danho rekushandura zvachose nzira iyo vanhu vanofamba nayo. Ivo vanozadzisa iyo iripo yezvifambiso zveveruzhinji, zvichikubvumidza kuti usvike kwauri kuenda pasina kutamiswa. GRT (Ground Rapid Transport) mota dzakafanana nemakombi. Magonhi akafararira otomatiki pamativi ese emotokari anobvumira vafambi kuti vakurumidze kuchinjwa. Iyo yemukati inogoneka inogona kugara kusvika makumi maviri nemana ekugara uye akamira nzvimbo. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti nekuda kweiyo GRT system zvinokwanisika kutakura vatakuri vanosvika 24 paawa, pamwero wepamusoro we8 km / h.

Kuchaja hakusi kuwedzera mafuta

Zvizvarwa zvinotevera zvemotokari dzemagetsi zvakafanana nemotokari dzinopisa mukati memaitiro ekushanda. Assortment yavo iri kuvandudza, iyo yaive uye ichiri kutaurwa seimwe yematambudziko kubva pakuona kwevanogona kutenga. Tesla Model S, semuenzaniso, inobvumidza iwe kufamba angangoita 500 km pasina kubhadharisa. Saka kana kufukidzwa isisiri nyaya, zvino chii?

Kana geji repeturu kana kuti dhiziri richiratidza mwero wakaderera wemafuta, tinomira pachiteshi uye tinogona kutyaira zvakare mumaminetsi mashoma. Panyaya yemotokari dzemagetsi, kana kuperevedza kwesimba kuchiitika patinenge tichityaira, tinofanira kuchengetedza nguva yekuzorora kwenguva refu. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti zvinotora maawa akawanda kuzadza mabhatiri kusvika 100%.

Kune, zvisinei, pfungwa dzekuti mabhatiri haafanirwe kukwizwa, asi kutsiviwa, izvo zvinonyanya kuderedza nguva yekudzikira, asi ikozvino aya ndiwo maprototype mhinduro. Vanodawo kuti vagadziri vagadzirise pfungwa dzekugadzira kuitira kuti nzira yekutsiva isatore nguva yakawanda uye inonetsa. Makolamu enhau dzetekinoroji dzimwe nguva anoratidza mishumo ye "shanduko" mhinduro dzinogona kuderedza nguva yekuchaja bhatiri kusvika kumaminetsi mashoma. Nekudaro, sevashandisi vemafoni emafoni, ayo anonyanya kufarirwa kupfuura mota dzemagetsi, unonyatsoziva, nzira dzekuchaja dzinokurumidza kudaro hadzisati dzaonekwa mumusika wevatengi.

Kudhonza bhandi - kurodha

Dzimwe nguva pfungwa dzetekinoroji dzinoenda mberi, kuchaji isina waya uye kunyangwe zvigadziriso zvakaita semigwagwa ine magetsi ekudhonza, ayo anozotyaira mota. Qualcomm yanga ichishanda paWireless Electric Vehicle Charging (WEVC) purojekiti kwenguva yakati ikozvino. Ari kushanda nevakuru veUK, hofisi yaMayor weLondon uye agency inoona nezvekutakura. Zvisinei, kushandisa mhinduro dzakadaro imari yakakomba. Iyo mota yekugovera magetsi system ichave chikamu cheruzhinji rwemigwagwa yezvivakwa pano.

Mumakore mashoma chete

Faraday Future, anoonekwa semukwikwidzi mukuru weTesla Motors, awana mvumo yekuyedza mota yemagetsi inozvimiririra mumigwagwa yeCalifornia. Vakuru vayo vanotarisira kutanga kugadzira nekutengesa mota dzemagetsi gore rinouya, asi hapana izwi pazvirongwa zvemotokari dzinozvimiririra.

2016 Faraday Ramangwana FFZERO1 - Concept Car

Faraday Future ndeimwe yevakawanda vanopihwa mari neChinese vanotarisa kukwikwidza naTesla mumotokari dzemagetsi dzepamusoro. Nekudaro, kusvika parizvino kambani yanga isingadi kuburitsa chero ruzivo nezve chirongwa chekutyaira chakazvimirira kunze kwekuti iyo sisitimu ichapa zvigadziriso zvakafanana neakapihwa naTesla. Faraday Future haisiriyo chete kambani inogona kuyedza mota dzayo muCalifornia migwagwa. Mvumo imwe cheteyo yakapihwa kune gumi nematatu vamwe vakwikwidzi veindasitiri, kusanganisira Tesla, Nissan, Volkswagen, Ford, Honda, Mercedes-Benz neBMW.

Vagadziri vakasiyana-siyana vari kuzivisa zvizvarwa zvitsva zvemhando dzemotokari dzemagetsi, vachikwezva vatengi nenzira dzakasiyana. Muna Zvita, Porsche yakasimbisa kuti yakanga yaisa mari inodarika mabhiriyoni matatu emadhora kuti ivhure mitsara yekugadzira iyo ichagadzira yekutanga mota dzemagetsi munhoroondo yemhando. Mission E - inomhanyisa kusvika ku "mazana" mumasekonzi makumi masere uye ine basa rinokutendera kuti uchajise bhatiri ne3,5% mumaminetsi matanhatu chete. Audi inoronga kutanga kugadzirwa kweyazvino SUV yemagetsi, iyo 80 Audi Q. Iyo prototype, inoratidzwa muBrussels, ine matatu emagetsi mota uye mabhatiri anokwana kune anopfuura 15 km. Mercedes inoronga kuburitsa yayo yekutanga-refu renji SUV panosvika 6. Ne 2018, kambani inoronga kupa akawanda semhando ina dzemotokari dzemagetsi. Sekureva kweReuters, Mercedes ichaburitsa yekutanga prototype ine huwandu hwemakiromita gumi paParis Motor Show muna Gumiguru.

Porsche Mission E - preview

Kune zvakare Apple ingangoita "yengano" mota, iyo iCar - kunyangwe zvisati zvazivikanwa kuti ichataridzika sei uye kana kambani ichabheja pamusika wemotokari yemagetsi. Nekudaro, isu tinoziva kuti Apple yanga ichitsvaga zvine hukasha mainjiniya ane tarenda uye matekinoroji ane chekuita nemotokari dzinozvityaira. Mutori wenhau weGerman anotiwo mota yeApple ichaonekwa mumigwagwa yeGerman pakutanga kwa2019 na2020. Parizvino, kutaurwa kweanogadzira zvikamu zvemotokari Magna International semubatsiri wekugadzira mota iyi kunotaura zvakawanda nezve kufambira mberi kweprojekiti.

Sezvaunogona kuona, munyika yemotokari dzemagetsi, tine pfungwa dzakawanda dzakashinga, zviziviso zvakawanda, kuwedzera kwekutengesa kwehurumende-inotsigirwa nehurumende, uye zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda zveunyanzvi zvisati zvagadziriswa zvinogutsa. Nenzira iyi iwe unogona kuona iyo horizon, asiwo mhute yakaitenderedza.

Kuedza marori emagetsi muSweden:

Gadziriro dzekupedzisira dzekuvakwa kwemugwagwa wekutanga wemagetsi