Gasoil. Chii chinonzi mafuta?

Zvenyama uye zvemakemikari zvimiro zvemafuta gasi

Mukuchenesa mafuta epamba, iyo inoguma gasi oiri inofanirwa kuenderana nehunyanzvi zvinodiwa zveGOST R 52755-2007, uye haisi yakazvimirira, asi inosanganiswa mafuta, inowanikwa nekusanganisa gasi condensates kana mafuta. Mafuta egasi akadaro anokurudzirwa kushandiswa chete sekuwedzera.

GOST inotaura zvinotevera gasi oiri paramita:

1. Density kune kunze tembiricha 15^°C, t/m³ - 750 ... 1000.
2. Kinematic viscosity pa50^°C, mm2/s, kwete yakakwirira - 200.
3. Kupisa kupisa, ^°C - 270 ... 500.
4. Zvirimo zvesarufa zvinosanganisirwa muchigadzirwa chakapedzwa,% - kusvika makumi maviri.
5. Asidhi nhamba, maererano neKOH - kusvika ku4.
6. Kuvapo kwemagetsi kusvibiswa,% - kusvika ku10;
7. Kuvapo kwemvura,% - kusvika ku5.

Iko hakuna humwe hunhu mune iyi mwero maererano neoiri yegasi, uye yakakosha data nguva inotibvumira kugumisa kuti, chokwadi, mafuta egasi haamiriri chikamu chakakosha chemahydrocarbons, asi akakamurwa kuita mapoka akati wandei. Kune marudzi maviri makuru emafuta egasi - mumhepo gasi oiri (kana chiedza) uye vacuum gasi oiri (kana inorema).

Physical properties of atmospheric gas oil

Iyi mhando ye hydrocarbon inowanikwa mumhepo (kana kuti yakakwira zvishoma, kusvika ku15 kPa) kumanikidzwa, apo zvikamu zvine tembiricha ye270 kusvika 360.^°C.

Oiri yegasi yemwenje ine fluidity yakakwira, yakaderera viscosity, uye muhuwandu hwakanyanya inogona kuita seyakakora. Izvi zvinoderedza zvakanyanya kubatsira kwerudzi urwu rwemafuta egasi sehuni yemotokari, saka vamwe vatengesi vemafuta vanotengesa kwete mafuta egasi akareruka, asi ayo condensate, iyo inonyatso marara chigadzirwa chekuenderera mberi kwekugadzirwa kwepetrochemical.

Atmospheric gasi oiri inogona kusiyaniswa nemuvara wayo - ingave yakachena yero kana yero-girinhi. Kusagadzikana kwemaitiro emafuta egasi, akapihwa mundima yapfuura, anoratidzawo maitiro asina kugadzikana emhando iyi yehuni, iyo inowedzerwa nekuvapo kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwenitrogen uye kunyanya sarufa, inosvibisa injini.

Zvenyama zvimiro zvevacuum gasi oiri

Heavy gasi oiri inofashaira patembiricha yepamusoro, mukati me350…560^°C, uye pasi pevacuum mukati meiyo catalyst mudziyo. Viscosity yayo yakakwira, saka, iyo flash point inowedzera zvinoenderana (kusvika 120 ... 150).^°C) uye kupisa kwekushisa, pane zvinopesana, kunoderera, uye hakupfuuri -22 ... -30^°C. Rudzi rwemafuta egasi akadaro ane yellow zvishoma, uye dzimwe nguva anenge akajeka.

Kunyangwe iwo ekunze mutengi hunhu hweanorema gasi oiri ari padyo zvakanyanya neayo einoenderana dhiziri mafuta, haana kugadzikana, uye anovimba zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekunze. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nemaitiro ekugadzirisa anoitwa kuti awane mafuta egasi. Naizvozvo, iyo, iri chikamu chepakati chemakemikari maitiro ekunatsa oiri, haigone kuve nechero hunhu hwekuita zvachose.

Kushandiswa kwemafuta egasi

Semhando yakazvimirira yemafuta emotokari, gasi mafuta haakurudzirwe. Nekudaro, inowana kushandiswa munzvimbo dzinotevera dzezvehupfumi:

• Midziyo yevira inoshandiswa kupisa dzimba dzekugara uye dzemaindasitiri.
• Ngarava dzeRwizi nedzemugungwa dzine injini dzedhiziri dzine simba shoma.
• Diesel generator.
• Michina yekurima kana yekugadzira migwagwa, kubva kune vanocheka lawn uye zviyo zvekuomesa zviyo kusvika kune vanochera uye scrapers.

Mafuta egasi anowanzo kukurudzirwa semafuta ekuchengetedza zvipatara, data data uye mamwe masangano anoshandisa mvura yepetroleum zvigadzirwa. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa kwete zvakanyanya nekukosha kwemafuta egasi sehuni, asi nekuchipa kwayo.

Gasi mafuta uye dhiziri mafuta: misiyano

Ngatitangei nenyaya yekuti HAPANA mhando yemafuta egasi inogona kukurudzirwa semafuta edhiziri emotokari: inosvibisa zvakanyanya zvikamu zvinofamba zveinjini, nekuda kwekuti kugadzikana kweiyo torque kunodonha, uye kushandiswa kweiyo " mafuta" anowedzera zvakanyanya. Asi kune mashoma mashoma emagetsi emagetsi (ayo anoshandiswa mukusimudza nekutakura midziyo, anosanganisa, matirakita, nezvimwewo), kusagadzikana kweiyo physicochemical maitiro emafuta gasi hakuna kukosha kwakanyanya, uye kushandiswa kweinjini dzemidziyo yakadaro ipfupi mukati. nguva.

Pfungwa ye "red diesel", yakawanda kune dzimwe nyika, inoreva chete kuwedzerwa kwedhayi yakakosha kune gasi mafuta. Izvi zvinobatsira kuronda vaparadzi vemafuta vasina kutendeseka, sezvo shanduko yeruvara yakadai yakaonekwa pachiteshi chegasi inosanganisira faindi huru.

Iko kemikari yemafuta egasi nemafuta edhiziri inenge yakangofanana, saka zvakakodzera kuratidza kuti kubva pakuona uku, mafuta egasi ane dzvuku-tinted diesel fuel. Izvo zvinozokonzera kukanganisa kukuru kumota yako.

Vacuum gasi oiri hydrotreaters