Ndeipi nzvimbo yakachengeteka mumotokari yemwana
Zviri mukati
Mutyairi akakosha uye anotambura ari mumotokari mwana, saka vabereki vanofanirwa kutanga vatora matanho ekufamba kwake kwakachengeteka. Kuti uderedze njodzi yekukuvara kumwana panguva yekukurumidzira braking uye tsaona, zvinodikanwa kutenga michina yakakosha zvinoenderana nezera uye huremu uye nekuisa mudiki mutakuri munzvimbo yakachengeteka.
Ndeipi nzvimbo yakachengeteka mumotokari maererano nehuwandu?
Zvinoenderana nenhamba dzisingachinji uye chokwadi chehupenyu, chero mota mutsaona yakakomba (kudhumhana, coup, etc.) inotarisana nekukuvadzwa kwemadhigirii akasiyana. Vagadziri vemotokari vari kuyedza kuchengetedza vafambi nekugadzira rudzi rwekuwedzera kuchengeteka kwakavatenderedza, vachiedza kudzikisa deformation yemuviri munzvimbo yevafambi.
Saka, chigaro chakachengeteka mumotokari chinowanikwa apo mukana wekuremerwa kune ngozi kune hutano uye kukanganiswa kwemuviri kushoma. Mune mamwe mazwi, iyi ndiyo nzvimbo mumotokari umo mikana yekugara uri mupenyu mutsaona yakakomba yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura mune yese.
Vatyairi vazhinji vachiri kufunga nezvenzvimbo yakakotsekana kuti mufambi ave shure kwavo, asi izvi handizvo. Iyi vhezheni yakagara yakashongedzwa uye kune humbowo hwakawanda hweizvi. Nharo huru dzechirevo chakadaro ndedzomutyairi wemusikirwo asingadi njodzi kubva kwaari, izvo zvinosanganisirwa nekubvisa divi rake kubva pakubata trajectory, kutsiva rakapesana. Uyewo yakakurumbira ishanduro yokuti mwana akachengeteka zvikuru kuseri kwechigaro chevafambi.
Kuti uone chigaro chevatyairi chakachengeteka, zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaitwa, pakati pavo kuongorora kwakadzama kwehuwandu hwetsaona dzemotokari dzemumugwagwa nevabirwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, bvunzo dzinoverengeka dzekupunzika dzakaitwa, kunyanya iye zvino dzave padyo nezvokwadi sezvinobvira uye dzinoitwa dzakazvimiririra kubva kune vanogadzira, avo, zvechokwadi, vanofarira kuita kuti zvigadzirwa zvavo zvive zvakachengeteka pane vanokwikwidza.
Zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yekuongororwa kwakawanda uye kuongororwa kwetsaona, nzvimbo yakachengeteka yemwana yakaonekwa - chigaro chepakati chepakati, chero mwana ari pachigaro chakakosha (chevana vadiki), akaiswa zvakanaka, kana kusungwa nebhandi rechigaro. (vechidiki). Chiyero chekuchengetedza kana mwana ari pachigaro ichi 15-25% yakakwirira kana ichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvigaro.
Chirevo ichi chinosimbiswa nemaitiro ekugadzira mota, sezvo kana mutyairi mudiki ari pakati kumashure, zvinoderedza mukana wekukuvara zvese mumativi emhedzisiro uye mukupidigura kwemotokari, izvo zvinokonzeresa deformation yemagonhi, mbiru dzeparutivi uye. kumativi edenga.
Iri pakati pemutsara wevatyairi wekumashure uko kwasara nzvimbo yemahara, izvo zvinodiwa kuchengetedza mupfuuri mudiki. Zvechokwadi, mugumisiro wakafanana unogoneka chete kana uri pachigaro chemwana kana kushandisa zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakakosha kana bhandi renguva dzose mune zvevechiri kuyaruka.
Kuregeredzwa kwezviyero zvekuchengetedza nevabereki kunotungamirira kukuwedzera kwekukuvara kwevana uye kufa mumigwagwa yemigwagwa. Vanoita nharo dzisina chokwadi, dzakadai sokuti mwana haana kugadzikana akagara, haazvifariri, kana kuti anoita nharo dzisina chokwadi pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu apo kusavapo kwezvinodzora kwakaponesa upenyu. Kana mabhandi echigaro enguva dzose akasungwa, njodzi yekukuvara kumwana inowedzera kakawanda, kunyange panguva yekukurumidzira mabhureki, sezvo mwana wacho asingazorambi aripo.
Chigaro ichi ndicho chinonyanya kusagadzikana mumotokari, kunze kwemaminivan uye mamwe mamodheru emota umo mutsetse wekumashure une zvigaro zvitatu zvakasiyana. Mukuwedzera, akawanda emhando dzemotokari dzemazuva ano, kusanganisira mota dzemhando yepamusoro uye SUVs, dzakashongedzerwa nemaoko uye mamwe maturusi anowedzera kunyaradza, saka nzvimbo ino haisi kuwanikwa.
Mota zhinji dzisingadhure uye mota dzemhuri dzakarongedzerwa zvigaro zvevana pakati pemutsara wekumashure. Mumamodheru mazhinji emotokari dzinotakura vanhu, bhandi rakajairwa kana tambo yakachinjika inopihwa. Nemotokari yakadaro ine mabhandi ezvigaro, zvinokurudzirwa zvakasimba kuti zviise pakati pemutsara wemashure wezvigaro kuti uchengetedze hupenyu uye hutano hwevana.
Nzira yekuisa chigaro chemwana mumotokari zvakarurama
Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwemwana paanenge achityaira, zvinodikanwa kuti usarudze nemazvo zvidziviriro zvevana (maererano nezera uye uremu) nekuzviisa.
Pane zvingasarudzwa zvitatu zvekuisa chigaro chemwana chemotokari, zvichienderana nemotokari, imwe neimwe ine zvayo zvayo:
1) Isofix inokwira system. Chigaro chinogadziriswa pavamhanyi vanobuda kuenda kumagetsi esimbi vachishandisa makiyi akavakirwa. Iyo skids iri mukati mechigaro uye yakanyatsobatanidzwa nemuviri. Paunenge uchishandisa iyi chiyero chepasi rose, kudiwa kwemabhandi akajairwa kunobviswa zvachose.
Mota zhinji dzemazuvano dzakashongedzerwa nedziviriro yakafanana. Kazhinji, zvinhu izvi zvinoratidzwa neakakosha mavara uye anowanikwa kumucheto kwezvigaro.
2) Kuisa chigaro chemotokari nebhandi rechigaro. Iyi nzira yekugadzirisa zvigaro zvevana inoshandiswa mukushayikwa kweIsofix system, asi kune basa rekugadzirisa rakagadzirwa uchishandisa mabhanhire akaenzana.
Paunenge uchishandisa ichi chishandiso chekuchengetedza, unofanirwa kunyatso dzidza mirairo yechigaro chemotokari, kana uine chero mibvunzo, unofanirwa kutarisa kune yakadzama yekuraira bhuku remhando yemotokari iyi.
3) Bhandi + kukiya. Iyi sarudzo yekusungira chigaro inofanira kushandiswa mukushayikwa kwehurongwa, uye mabhanhire enguva dzose haana kugadziriswa uye haana kuvharwa.
Kuti ugadzirise bhanhire, unoda kushandisa grooves yakakosha pachigaro chemotokari, iyo yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza zvakasimba bhanhire uye kubata chigaro panzvimbo. Nekugadzirisa kwakakodzera kwemwana, dhonza bhanhire kusvika pakumira uye upfuure munzvimbo dzakakosha. Kana bhanhire rakareba, rinogona kupfupiswa nekusunga banga.
Mamwe mabhandi ezvigaro
Mabhandi ezvigaro zvefekitari ane mapoinzi matatu uye ane hurongwa ane zvikamu zvezvikamu zvechiuno nemapfudzi. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza mutakuri nehurefu hunosvika 1,5 metres uye huremu hunopfuura 36 kilogiramu, kana zvisina kudaro (kune vana) bhanhire richave riri padyo nemutsipa uye rinogona kukonzera kukuvadza kupfuura kunaka.
Nokuda kwekutakura kwevana, kuwedzera kune chigaro chemwana, zvinotenderwa nemutemo kushandisa maadapter anokosha anokubvumira kunyatsogadzirisa mutakuri muduku kuti ave nechokwadi chekuchengeteka kwake. Izvi zvinosanganisira mapepa anokosha pabhanhire, zvichikubvumira kuti usungirire bhanhire panzvimbo yakarurama. Kune vana vari pasi pevatatu, dhizaini yakati siyanei inopihwa imwe tambo yekuwedzera, ichifunga nezve physiological uye zera hunhu.
Kana yakashandiswa nemazvo, michina yakadaro inoshanda zvakanyanya uye mune dzimwe nguva, muzviitiko zvinotyisidzira upenyu, inofananidzwa nezvigaro zvevana zvinodhura zvakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza zvakanyanya mwana. Mukuwedzera kune marudzi ose emapedhi pabhanhire inokubvumira kuti ugadzirise zvakanaka bhanhire rechigaro, kune boosters - chigadziko chepasi chine zvibato kuburikidza nenzvimbo yebhanhire yakagadziriswa.
Zvimwe zvinobatsira zvinogonawo kushandiswa kuchengetedza bhandi rechigaro nenzira kwayo (kure nemutsipa wemwana). Izvi zvinosanganisira piro yakaiswa pasi pemwana uye kumusimudza kumusoro, semugumisiro wekuti bhanhire rinopfuura nechipfuva kubva pamutsipa.
Kushandiswa kwemhando ipi zvayo inokubvumira kugadzirisa zvakanaka bhanhire kunogona kuponesa hupenyu hwemwana mumamiriro ezvinhu ane ngozi. Mukusavapo kwechigaro chemotokari nekuda kwezera remwana, kana kana pane rwendo rusingafanoonekwi nevana mumotokari isina chigaro chemwana, zvakakosha kusungira mwana uchishandisa chero ipi zvayo pamusoro apa.
Chiratidzo "Mwana mumotokari"
Chiratidzo chinonyevera pamusoro pekuvapo kwemwana mumotokari hazvidiwi nemutemo uye, chaizvoizvo, hazviunzi chero kubudirira uye kubatsirwa. Kazhinji iyo inowanikwa padivi pechigaro chemwana, mune tarisiro yekuti ichakwanisa kuderedza mukana wetsaona, kunyangwe tsaona dzinoitika muchikamu chesekondi muzviitiko zvakawanda uye hazvigoneke kuti mutyairi wekukurumidza. motokari inoswedera pedyo ichakwanisa kuona chiratidzo uye kupindura kwairi isati yairova, sezvo vachida varidzi vemabheji.
Kunewo mavhezheni ekuti kana pakaitika tsaona yakakomba, sticker yakadaro ichazivisa nezvemwana uye iye achaponeswa nekukurumidza. Imwe nzira inonzwisisika yekushandisa chiratidzo chakadaro ndeyekuzivisa vamwe vashandisi vemugwagwa kuti mutyairi wemota ane chiratidzo chakadaro anogona kutsauswa chero nguva uye vanofanirwa kutarisira maitiro asingatarisirwe kubva kumota iri pamberi.
Nzira yekusarudza chigaro chakanaka chemotokari yemwana
Chigaro chemotokari chinofanira kusarudzwa tichifunga nezvezera uye uremu hwemwana uye iyo yekunamatira system inowanikwa mumotokari. Zvigaro zvevana zvine zvitupa zvepasi rese zvekuchengetedza zvinoshanda zvakanyanya kana paitika tsaona, asi zvinodhura zvakanyanya.
Chinodiwa chikuru chezvigaro zvakadaro, kunze kwekusungirira kwakaringana, kugadzika kwakasimba uye kwakachengeteka kwemutyairi mudiki, achifunga nezvehunhu hwake.
Mazano ekutakura mwana mumotokari
Kune giredhi rinowanzo gamuchirwa zvinoenderana nezvikamu zvehuremu, pamwe nenzvimbo yechigaro chemotokari zvinoenderana nehuremu / zera, inoshanda zvinoenderana neECE R44 / 04 uye zvinoenderana neyemumba GOST.
Pasi pane tafura yekuti zvigaro zvemotokari zvakakamurwa sei uye zvakachengetedzwa maererano nehuremu uye zera remwana.
Vacheche vane mitsipa isina kusimba uye misoro mikuru (maererano nemuviri), saka vanofanirwa kuiswa munzvimbo yakatsamira yakatarisana nekumashure kwemuviri wemotokari kana perpendicular (zvichienderana nezera uye rudzi rwechikara), sepakaitika njodzi. mabhureki kana tsaona pachange pasisina yekusundidzira inertial inogona kukuvadza muviri usina kusimba.
Kana zvichidikanwa kutakura mucheche pamberi (kana paine munhu mumotokari mukuwedzera kumwana uye kuonana nemucheche kunodiwa), kudzima airbag yepamberi, kushanda kwayo kunogona kukonzera zvakakosha. kukuvadza kumwana, kusanganisira kusapindirana nehupenyu.
Mwana wezera ripi neripi ane physiologically anowanzo kukuvara kunyangwe panguva yekukasira mabhureki, saka kufambisa kwayo kunofanirwa kuve kwakachengeteka sezvinobvira, iyo yaunofanirwa kushandisa zvigaro zvevana, zvakanyatsoenderana nezera uye uremu hwemwana, zvimise nenzira kwayo kune zvimwe zvidziviriro zvakakosha zvinogadzirisa bhanhire munzvimbo yakarurama. Zvinofanira kuyeukwa kuti kuregeredza kuchengeteka kwomufambi muduku kunogona kuguma nekukuvara kwakakomba kana rufu.
