Cylinder head. Chinangwa uye mudziyo

Injini yemazuva ano inopisa mukati inhengo yakaoma kwazvo, iyo inosanganisira nhamba huru yezvikamu uye zvikamu. Chinhu chakakosha cheinjini yekupisa mukati ndeye cylinder head (cylinder head). Musoro wecylinder, kana kuti musoro chete, unoshanda semhando yevhavha inovhara pamusoro peinjini yekupisa injini. Zvisinei, izvi zviri kure nechinangwa chega chekushanda chemusoro. Musoro wecylinder une dhizaini yakaoma, uye mamiriro ayo akakosha kune yakajairika kushanda kweinjini yekupisa yemukati.

Wese mutyairi anofanirwa kunzwisisa mudziyo wemusoro uye kunzwisisa kuti chinhu ichi chinoshanda sei.

Misoro yemacylinder inogadzirwa nekukandwa kubva kune yakasanganiswa simbi kana aluminium-based alloys. Zvigadzirwa zvealuminium alloy hazvina kusimba sesimbi yakakandwa, asi zvakareruka uye zvisingaite ngura, ndosaka zvichishandiswa muinjini dzinopisa mukati memotokari zhinji dzinotakura vanhu.

Kuti abvise kushushikana kwakasara kwesimbi, chikamu chinogadziriswa uchishandisa tekinoroji yakakosha. kuchiteverwa nekugaya nekuchera.

Zvichienderana nekugadziriswa kweinjini yekupisa yemukati (kurongeka kwemasilinda, crankshaft uye camshafts), inogona kunge iine nhamba yakasiyana yemasilinda misoro. Muchikamu chemutsara mumwe chete, kune musoro mumwe chete, mune injini dzinopisa mukati dzeimwe mhando, somuenzaniso, V-shaped kana W-shaped, panogona kunge kune maviri. Injini huru dzinowanzova nemisoro yakasiyana yehumburumbira imwe neimwe.

Dhizaini yemusoro wecylinder zvakare inosiyana zvichienderana nenhamba uye nzvimbo yecamshafts. Camshafts inogona kuiswa mune imwezve chikamu chemusoro, uye inogona kuiswa mu cylinder block.

Zvimwe zvekugadzira zvinhu zvinogoneka, zvinoenderana nenhamba uye kurongeka kwemasilinda nemavharuvhu, chimiro uye vhoriyamu yemakamuri ekupisa, nzvimbo yemakenduru kana nozzles.

Mu ICE ine yakaderera valve marongerwo, musoro ane zvikuru nyore mudziyo. Iyo ine chete antifreeze circulation channels, zvigaro zve spark plugs uye fasteners. Nekudaro, mayuniti akadaro ane yakaderera mashandiro uye haana kushandiswa muindasitiri yemotokari kwenguva yakareba, kunyangwe achigona kuwanikwa mumidziyo yakakosha.

Musoro wecylinder, maererano nezita rayo, uri pamusoro pejini inopisa mukati. Kutaura zvazviri, iyi ndiyo imba umo zvikamu zvegasi rekugovera nzira (nguva) inosungirirwa, iyo inodzora kutorwa kwemhepo-mafuta musanganiswa mumasilinda uye gasi rinopedza. Pamusoro pemakamuri ekupisa ari mumusoro. Iyo ine maburi ekutsvaira mu spark plugs uye majekiseni, pamwe nemaburi ekubatanidza kupinza uye exhaust manifolds.

Nekutenderera kweinotonhorera, nzira dzakakosha (iyo inonzi inotonhorera jekete) inoshandiswa. Lubrication inopihwa kuburikidza neoiri migero.

Mukuwedzera, pane zvigaro zvemavharuvhu ane zvitubu uye actuators. Muchiitiko chakareruka, kune mavharuvhu maviri pa cylinder (inlet uye outlet), asi panogona kunge paine zvimwe. Kuwedzera mavharuvhu ekupinza anoita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera iyo yakazara muchinjiko-chikamu nzvimbo, pamwe nekuderedza mitoro ine simba. Uye nemamwe mavharuvhu ekupedza, kupisa kupisa kunogona kuvandudzwa.

Chigaro chevharuvhu (chigaro), chakagadzirwa nendarira, simbi yakakandwa kana simbi isingadziviriri, inotsikirirwa muhumburu hwemusoro weimba kana inogona kuitwa mumusoro pachayo.

Vatungamiri vemavharuvhu vanopa zvigaro chaizvo. Zvinhu zvekugadzira kwavo zvinogona kukanda simbi, ndarira, cermet.

Musoro wevharuvhu une chamfer yakatsetseka yakagadzirwa pakona ye30 kana 45 madhigirii. Iyi chamfer inzvimbo yekushanda yevharuvhu uye iri padyo nechamfer yechigaro chevharuvhu. Mabhero ese ari maviri akanyatsogadzirwa uye akaroverwa kuti aite snug fit.

Nekuvhara kwakavimbika kwevhavha, chitubu chinoshandiswa, icho chinogadzirwa nesimbi yealloy uye inotevera yakakosha kugadzirisa. Iko kukosha kwekusimbisa kwayo kwekutanga kunokanganisa zvakanyanya ma parameter einjini yekupisa mukati.

Inodzora kuvhura / kuvhara kwemavharuvhu ecamshaft. Iine makamera maviri kune imwe silinda (imwe yekutora, imwe yevhavha yekupedza). Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe sarudzo dzichigoneka, kusanganisira kuvapo kwema camshafts maviri, imwe inodzora kutora, imwe inodzora kupera. Mune injini dzinopisa dzomukati dzemotokari dzemazuva ano dzevatakuri, inowanzoshandiswa chaizvo macamshafts maviri akaiswa pamusoro, uye nhamba yemavharuvhu ndeye 4 kune imwe silinda.

Senzira yekutyaira yekudzora mavharuvhu, levers (rocker arms, rockers) kana pushers nenzira yemasilinda mapfupi anoshandiswa. Mune iyo yekupedzisira vhezheni, gaka riri mudhiraivha rinogadziriswa otomatiki uchishandisa hydraulic compensator, iyo inovandudza mhando yavo uye inowedzera hupenyu hwavo hwesevhisi.

Iyo yakaderera pamusoro peiyo cylinder musoro, iyo iri pedyo nevhavhavhavhavha, inogadzirwa kunyange uye yakanyatsogadziriswa. Kuti udzivise ingress ye antifreeze mukati me lubrication system kana mafuta ejini mumhepo inotonhora, pamwe nekupinda kwemvura iyi inoshanda mukamuri yekupisa, gasket yakakosha inoiswa pakati pemusoro uye cylinder block panguva yekuiswa. Inogona kugadzirwa neasbestos-rubber composite material (paronite), mhangura kana simbi ine polymer interlayers. Iyo gasket yakadaro inopa hupamhi hwepamusoro, inodzivirira kusanganiswa kwemvura inoshanda yerubrication uye inotonhorera masisitimu, uye inoparadzanisa macylinders kubva kune mumwe nemumwe.

Musoro wakanamirwa kune cylinder block nemabhaudhi kana matinji ane nzungu. Iko kusungirirwa kwemabhoti kunofanirwa kuswededzwa zvine hunyanzvi. Inofanira kugadzirwa zvakanyatsoenderana nemirayiridzo yeautomaker maererano neimwe hurongwa, iyo inogona kusiyana kune dzakasiyana mukati memoto injini. Iva nechokwadi chekushandisa torque wrench uye cherechedza iyo yakatsanangurwa yekusimbisa torque, iyo inofanirwa kuratidzwa mumirairo yekugadzirisa.

Kutadza kutevedzera maitiro kuchaita kuti kutyorwe kwekusimba, kuburitswa kwemagasi kuburikidza nejoinhi, kuderera kwekumanikidza mumasilinda, uye kutyorwa kwekuzviparadzanisa kubva kune mumwe kune imwe nzira yerubrication uye inotonhorera masisitimu. Zvose izvi zvicharatidzwa nekushanda kusina kugadzikana kwejini inopisa mukati, kurasikirwa kwesimba, kunyanya kushandiswa kwemafuta. Zvirinani, iwe uchafanirwa kushandura gasket, injini mafuta uye antifreeze ine flushing masisitimu. Mamwe matambudziko akakomba anogoneka, kusvika pakuda kwekugadziriswa kwakakomba kweinjini yekupisa yemukati.

zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti cylinder head gasket haina kukodzera kugadzwazve. Kana musoro ukabviswa, gasket inofanira kuchinjwa, pasinei nemamiriro ayo. Izvi zvinoshandawo kumabhaudhi anokwirisa.

Kubva kumusoro, musoro wecylinder wakavharwa nevhavha yekudzivirira (inonziwo chivharo chevhavha) nechisimbiso cherubha. Inogona kugadzirwa nesimbi, aluminium kana plastiki. Chivharo kazhinji chine mutsipa wekudira mafuta enjini. Pano zvinodikanwawo kutarisa mamwe ma torque ekusimbisa kana uchisimbisa mabhaudhi ekusimbisa uye kushandura chisimbiso rabha nguva yega yega chivharo chinovhurwa.

Nyaya dzekudzivirira, kuongororwa, kugadzirisa uye kuchinjwa kwemusoro we cylinder kunofanira kutorwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, sezvo ichi chinhu chakakosha cheinjini yekupisa mukati, iyo, uyezve, inoiswa pasi pemichina yakakosha uye inopisa mitoro.

Matambudziko nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare anomuka kunyange nekushanda kwakakodzera kwemotokari. Kurumidza kutaridzika kwekusashanda muinjini - uye musoro kunyanya - zvinotevera zvinhu:

• kuregeredza kuchinja kwe periodic;
• kushandiswa kwemafuta emhando yakaderera kana mafuta asingasviki zvinodiwa zveiyi injini inopisa mukati;
• kushandiswa kwemafuta asina kunaka;
• mafirita akavharwa (mhepo, mafuta);
• kusavapo kwenguva refu kwekugadzirisa nguva dzose;
• nzira yekutyaira yakapinza, kushungurudzwa kwekumhanya kwakanyanya;
• kukanganisa kana kusagadziriswa jekiseni system;
• mamiriro asina kugutsikana ekugadzirisa kutonhora uye, semugumisiro, kupisa kwejini inopisa mukati.

Kuparara kwe cylinder head gasket uye mamwe matambudziko ane hukama atotaurwa pamusoro apa. Iwe unogona kuverenga zvakawanda pamusoro peizvi mune imwe yakasiyana. Zvimwe zvinogona kukanganisa musoro:

• zvigaro zvevharuvhu zvakatsemuka;
• akasakara mavharuvhu anotungamira;
• zvigaro zvecamshaft zvakaputsika;
• dzakakuvadzwa fasteners kana shinda;
• anotsemuka zvakananga muhumburumbira musoro dzimba.

Zvigaro uye bushings inotungamira inogona kutsiviwa, asi izvi zvinofanirwa kuitwa uchishandisa yakakosha tekinoroji uchishandisa yakakosha michina. Kuedza kugadzirisa kwakadaro munzvimbo yegaraji kunowanzoita kuti pave nekudiwa kwekuchinja kwakakwana kwemusoro. Iwe pachako, iwe unogona kuedza kuchenesa uye kukuya zvigaro zvezvigaro, usingakanganwi kuti dzinofanirwa kunyatsoenderana nemagetsi ekugadzirisa mavharuvhu.

Kuti udzorere mabhedha akasakara pasi pe camshaft, mabhushi ekugadzirisa ndarira anoshandiswa.

Kana tambo iri muchigadziko chekenduru yakaputsika, unogona kuisa screwdriver. Kugadzirisa zvitubu zvinoshandiswa pachinzvimbo cheakakuvadzwa fasteners.

Kutsemuka mudzimba dzemusoro kunogona kuyedzwa kuve welded kana isiri pamajoini egasi. Hazvina maturo kushandisa maturusi akadai sechando welding, sezvo iwo ane akasiyana coefficient yekuwedzera kwemafuta uye anongotsemuka nekukurumidza. Kushandisa welding kubvisa kuputika kunopfuura nepakati pejojo ​​yegesi hazvibviri - munyaya iyi, zviri nani kutsiva musoro.

Pamwe chete nemusoro, zvakakosha kuti uchinje gasket rayo, pamwe nechisimbiso cherubha chechivharo.

Paunenge uchigadzirisa cylinder musoro, usakanganwa kuongorora zvakare zvikamu zvenguva zvakaiswa mairi - mavharuvhu, zvitubu, maoko ematombo, rockers, pushers uye, chokwadi, camshaft. Kana iwe uchida kutenga zvigadziriso zvitsva kutsiva zvakasakara, unogona kuzviita muchitoro chendaneti.

Izvo zviri nyore uye zviri nyore kutenga uye kukwira cylinder musoro musangano kana zvikamu zvegasi rekugovera michina (camshaft, mavharuvhu ane zvitubu uye actuators, nezvimwewo) zvakatoiswa mairi. Izvi zvichabvisa kudiwa kwekukodzera nekugadzirisa, izvo zvichange zvichidikanwa kana zvikamu zvenguva kubva kune yekare cylinder head yakaiswa mumusoro mutsva weimba.