GPS. Chii? Kuiswa mune smartphones, vafambisi, nezvimwe.

GPS inzira yesatellite iyo inokutendera kuti uone nzvimbo chaiyo yemunhu kana chinhu. Zita rayo rinomirira Global Positioning System, kana, muchiRussian, iyo global positioning system. Nhasi, zvichida munhu wose akambonzwa nezvazvo, uye vakawanda vanogara vachishandisa iyi sevhisi.

Ainoita

Iyo sisitimu yemasatelliti, nerubatsiro rwekuti marongero akatemerwa, yainzi NAVSTAR. Iyo ine 24-mamita mashanu-mamita 787-kilogiramu masetelliti anotenderera mumatanho matanhatu. Nguva yekuchinja kumwe kwesetiraiti maawa gumi nemaviri. Imwe neimwe yadzo ine yakakwirira-chaiyo atomic wachi, encoding mudziyo uye ine simba transmitter. Pamusoro pema satellite, zviteshi zvekugadzirisa pasi zvinoshanda muhurongwa.

Nheyo yekushanda kwehurongwa iri nyore. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani, unofanirwa kufungidzira ndege ine mapoinzi matatu akarongwa pairi, nzvimbo yaro inonyatsozivikanwa. Kuziva chinhambwe kubva kune imwe neimwe yeaya mapoinzi kuenda kuchinhu (GPS inogamuchira), unogona kuverenga marongero ayo. Chokwadi, izvi zvinogoneka chete kana mapoinzi asiri pamutsetse wakatwasuka wakafanana.

Iyo geometric mhinduro yedambudziko inoratidzika seizvi: kutenderedza imwe neimwe pfungwa inofanirwa kudhirowa denderedzwa neradius yakaenzana nedaro kubva pairi kuenda kune chinhu. Iyo inogamuchira nzvimbo ichave poindi iyo ese matatu madenderedzwa anopindirana. Nenzira iyi, kurongeka kunogona kutsanangurwa chete mundege yakatwasuka. Kana iwe uchidawo kuziva hurefu pamusoro pegungwa, saka unoda kushandisa satellite yechina. Zvino kutenderedza imwe neimwe pfungwa iwe unofanirwa kudhirowa kwete denderedzwa, asi denderedzwa.

Muchirongwa cheGPS, pfungwa iyi inoiswa mukuita. Imwe neimwe yemasatelliti, yakavakirwa pane seti yemaparamita, inosarudza yayo pachayo marongero uye inoaendesa nenzira yechiratidzo. Kugadzira masaini panguva imwe chete kubva kumasetelliti mana, iyo GPS inogamuchira inotarisa chinhambwe kune imwe neimwe yadzo nekunonoka kwenguva, uye zvichibva pane idzi data, inoverengera yayo makonisheni.

Kuwanika

Vashandisi havafanirwe kubhadhara sevhisi iyi. Zvakakwana kutenga mudziyo unokwanisa kuziva masaini esatellite. Asi usakanganwe kuti GPS yakatanga kugadzirirwa zvinodiwa neUnited States Army. Nekufamba kwenguva, yakatanga kuwanikwa pachena, asi Pentagon yakachengeta kodzero yekurambidza kushandiswa kwehurongwa chero nguva.

Receiver mhando

Zvinoenderana nerudzi rwekuita, GPS inogamuchira inogona kumira-yega kana kugadzirwa kuti ibatanidzwe kune mamwe maturusi. Midziyo yerudzi rwekutanga inonzi vafambisi. Pane yedu vodi.su portal, takatoongorora mhando dzakakurumbira dze2015. Chinangwa chavo chete ndechekufamba. Pamusoro peinogamuchira pachayo, vafambisi vezvikepe vanewo chidzitiro uye mudziyo wekuchengetera panoiswa mepu.

Midziyo yerudzi rwechipiri ndeye-set-yepamusoro mabhokisi akagadzirirwa kubatanidza kumalaptops kana matablet makomputa. Kutenga kwavo kunoruramiswa kana mushandisi atova nePDA. Mhando dzemazuva ano dzinopa nzira dzakasiyana dzekubatanidza (semuenzaniso, kuburikidza neBluetooth kana tambo).

Zvinoenderana nechiyero, pamwe nemutengo, 4 mapoka evanogamuchira anogona kusiyaniswa:

• vagamuchiri vega (vanotarisirwa kushandiswa nemunhu). Iwo madiki muhukuru, anogona kunge aine akasiyana ekuwedzera mabasa, kuwedzera kune iwo chaiwo ekufambisa (nzira kuverenga, e-mail, nezvimwewo), ane rubberized body, uye ane kukanganisa kupikisa;
• motokari inogamuchira (yakaiswa mumotokari, tumira ruzivo kune dispatcher);
• Marine vanogamuchira (ine yakatarwa seti yemabasa: ultrasonic echo sounder, mamepu emahombekombe, nezvimwewo);
• ndege dzinogamuchira (dzinoshandiswa kutyaira ndege).

Iyo GPS sisitimu ndeye mahara kushandisa, inoshanda kutenderera pasirese (kunze kweArctic latitudes), uye ine huchokwadi hwepamusoro (hunyanzvi hwekuita hunobvumira kudzikisa kukanganisa kusvika masendimita mashoma). Nekuda kwehunhu uhu, kufarirwa kwayo kwakakwira zvakanyanya. Panguva imwecheteyo, kune mamwe maitiro ekumisa masisitimu (semuenzaniso, yedu yeRussia GLONASS).

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