Hawker Dutu Mk V chikamu chekutanga

Tempest V Series II (NV696) panguva yekuyedza ndege kubva kuHawker Langley fekitori pedyo neSlough musi wa25 Mbudzi 1944. Ndege yakapinda basa neNo. 222 Squadron RAF mwedzi unotevera.

Murwi Wedutu akadzika munhoroondo semhondi yemabhomba anobhururuka eV-1 ayo England yakadzivirira. Kunyangwe zvaive zvishoma muhuwandu, zvakaratidza kuve mupikisi wakaomesesa weLuftwaffe kuWestern Front mumwedzi yekupedzisira yeHondo Yenyika II, paine zvikwata zvezvikwata zverudzi urwu zvinoti ndege mazana maviri nemakumi mana dzakapfurwa pasi.

Sidney Camm, mugadziri mukuru weHawker Aircraft Ltd., akatanga kufunga nezve kugadziridzwa kwakasimba kweTyphoon fighter kutanga kwaKurume 1940, apo matambudziko matsva ehunyanzvi nendege akatanga kubuda panguva yekuyedzwa kwendege. Pamusoro pemoto weinjini, kabhoni monoxide mucockpit uye zvakakomba dhizaini kukanganisa (muzviitiko zvekutanga, miswe yakadonha nekumhanya kukuru paibhururuka nekunyura!), Dutu rakaodzwa mwoyo nekusaita zvakanaka uye kusafamba zvakanaka pakakwirira.

Panyaya yekushanda, honzeri huru yaive iyo airfoil yakakora yaive hunhu hweHawker (Hurricane uye Dutu) varwi venguva iyoyo (Hurricane uye Typhoon), iyo yakagadzira yakawanda yeaerodynamic dhiri. Hukobvu hwepamusoro hweprofile yemapapiro eTyphoon hwaive 18% pamudzi uye 12% pamuromo. Kana tichienzanisa, iyo Supermarine Spitfire's bapiro mbiri ukobvu reshiyo yaive 13,2% uye 6%, zvichiteerana. Kana muchiitiko cheHurricane chimiro cheaerodynamic chakadaro chichingogadzirisa kubhururuka kwendege, zvino munyaya yeDutu, iyo, nekuda kweinjini yayo yepamusoro, yakagadzira kukurumidza kukuru, yakakonzera, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kuzununguka kwakasimba ( muswe unofamba). Mhinduro yacho yaiva bapiro rine semi-elliptical contour uye laminar profile, inoyeuchidza nezveSpitfire. Yakanga iine chidimbu chidiki uye chord yakakura kupfuura bapiro reChamupupuri, uye yaive yakatetepa, zvekusvika masendimita gumi nemaviri (12,7 cm) pazasi. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, ndege itsva yakatanga kunzi "Thin Wing Typhoon". Hukuru hwehukama hwemapiro profiles hwaive 14,5% pamudzi uye 10% pamuromo uye hwaisvika 37,5% yechord (kune Typhoon yaive 22% yechord).

Muna March 1941, British Air Ministry yakabudisa tsanangudzo F.10 / 41 inobvumira kuvakwa kwendege, iyo panguva ino yekuvandudzwa yainzi Typhoon Mk II (factory zita P.1012). Sezvo injini yeTyphoon yakanga ichiri kukonzera matambudziko akawanda, Kamm akasarudza kuedza magetsi akasiyana-siyana kana zvakadaro. Somugumisiro wezviedzo izvi, zvakawanda sezvishanu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasikwa, izvo zvakasiyana nepakutanga zvokuti muna August 1942 ndege yakagamuchira zita rayo - "Tempest". Muchikamu chekutanga (Tempest Mk I), Kamm akashandisa Napier Saber IV inline injini uye akabvisa "chirebvu" cheTyphoon nekufambisa zvinotonhorera mukati memapapiro, nemhepo inopinza mumucheto unotungamira. Musiyano weMk II wakagamuchira Bristol Centaurus IV / V radial injini - maBritish, agamuchira Focke-Wulf Fw 190, akafadzwa zvikuru nemabatiro akaita maGerman nedambudziko rekupisa kweinjini dzerudzi urwu pavarwi. Misiyano miviri yakatevera, iyo Mk III neIV, yakachengeterwa inline Rolls-Royce Griffon injini - Griffon IIB uye Griffon 61 zvakateerana - iyo yakashandiswa mushanduro nyowani dzeSpitfire. Chinhu chepedyo kune chepakutanga chaiva Tempest Mk V, iyo yakachengetedza injini yeTyphoon - 24-cylinder inline Napier Saber IIA / B - uye chirebvu yayo.

Iyo nyowani, yakatetepa mhepo yakadzikisa nzvimbo yemafuta mumapapiro. Izvi zvakadzikiswa ne21 in (53,3 cm) fuselage stretch uye kuiswa kweimwe 76 Imp tank pakati peinjini necockpit. gal. (345,5 l). Dutu rakachengeta maoko madiki eChamupupuri, makanononi mana eBritish 20mm Hispano Mk II aine mazana maviri emarounds imwe neimwe. Pamusana pekuti bapiro idzva rine tambo huru, pfuti dzaigona kuiswa zvakadzika, saka mabhomba haana kubuda kusvika kure pamberi pemucheto unotungamira, izvo zvakawedzera kuvandudza aerodynamics ye ndege. Mienzaniso yakazotevera yeTempest Mk V Series 200 (ese kunze kwezana rekutanga, inonzi Series 2) yaive nemakanononi eHispano Mk V ane madhiramu mapfupi ayo asina kubuda kunze kweiyo contour yebapiro. Kugadzirwa kwakasimba kwematanda kwakabvumira kuti zvombo zvinosvika 100 (1kg) zvezvombo zvirembedzwe pasi pemapapiro, semuenzaniso, mabhomba maviri e2000-pound (908) kana 1000-pound (454 kg) kana maroketi masere asina kuvharwa e500-mm ine warheads inorema 227 kana 76,2 kg imwe neimwe (11 lb kana 27 lb 25" rocket; yakapfupikiswa seRP-60), kana maviri ekuwedzera 3 L kana 3 L akaramba mafuta matangi.

Iyo prototype Mk V musiyano (HM595), iyo yaida basa shoma kuvaka, yakatanga kubhururuka musi wa2 Gunyana 1942 naPhilip G. Lucas. Iyo ndege, ichibatanidza akanakisa maficha eDutu (murwi-bhomba anogona) uye Spitfire (tekinoroji maitiro emurwi wepamusoro wemhepo), yakavimbiswa kuve yakanakisa. Zvisinei, zvaida kuvandudzwa kwakawanda, uko kwakaunzwa zvakatevedzana munguva dzokuedza ndege pakutanga kwa1942/43. Kurebeswa kwendege neinopfuura hafu yemamita kwakamanikidza kushandiswa kwechidziviriro chakakura chakamira, chine hunhu hweaerodynamic keel pahwaro hwayo. , ichipinda mufuselage zvakanaka. Mukuwedzera, iyo span uye chord ye horizontal stabilizers uye elevators yakawedzerwa. Iyo huru yekumhara giya yakagadziridzwa zvakare - yekuvandudza kugadzikana kwekumhara nekumhanya kwakanyanya (177 km / h), hupamhi hwenjanji hwakawedzerwa kusvika 4530 mm, uye mashizha akawedzerwa kuti awedzere kubvumidzwa kwepasi kweiyo itsva de Havilland Hydromatic. . kana 4,27-bladed Rotol self-adjusting propeller ine dhayamita ye400 m (yakafanana yakaiswa pane dzakazotevera shanduro dzeTyphoon). Mukuita kwekugadzira, maailerons aive akashongedzerwa nematsutso echitubu, ayo akaderedza mitoro yeaerodynamic uye zvakanyanya kuwedzera chiyero cheangular chemupumburu pakumhanya kwendege kunodarika 466 km / h. Mukugadzirisa kwayo kwekupedzisira, Mk V prototype yakasvika 750 mph (24 km / h) pakukwirira kwe500 7465 tsoka (XNUMX km / h).