Indian Ocean panguva yeHondo Yenyika II, chikamu 2
Murwi weGrumman Martlet we888th Fleet Air Arm, anoshanda kubva mutakuri HMS Formidalbe, anobhururuka pamusoro peHMS Warspite, ngarava yehondo inonyanya kushanda yezana ramakore rechi1942; Chivabvu XNUMX
Pakutanga, Indian Ocean yakanga iri nzira huru yekufambisa pakati peEurope neFar East neIndia. Pakati pevaEurope, maBritish - chaizvo nekuda kweIndia, parera mukorona yeumambo - yakanyatsoteerera kuIndia Ocean. Hakusi kuwedzeredza kutaura kuti humambo hweBritain hwekoloni hwaive nemakoloni ari paIndian Ocean uye munzira dzinoenda kwairi.
Mukupera kwa1941 - mushure mekukundwa kweItaly East Africa uye kukundwa kwePersian Gulf states - simba reGreat Britain muIndia Ocean basin rakaita serisina kupikiswa. Nzvimbo huru nhatu chete - Mozambique, Madagascar neThailand - dzaive kunze kwekutonga kwemauto eLondon. Mozambique, zvisinei, yaive yePortugal, zviri pamutemo nyika isina kwayakarerekera, asi chaizvoizvo mubatsiri weBritain wekare. Zviremera zveFrance zveMadagascar zvakange zvisati zvave kuda kushanda pamwe, asi vaive vasina kugona kana simba rekukuvadza hondo yeAllied. Thailand yakanga isina kusimba zvakanyanya, asi - mukupesana neFrance - yaiita seane mutsa kune maBritish.
Pana September 22-26, 1940, uto reJapan rakaita basa rehondo kuchamhembe kweIndochina uye, pashure penguva pfupi yokudzivisa French, yakabata nharaunda yacho.
Ichokwadi kuti Indian Ocean yakapesvedzerwa nevapambi veGerman uye ngarava dzepasi pemvura - asi kurasikirwa kwakakonzerwa navo kwaive kwekufananidzira. Japan ingangove yakatyisidzira, asi chinhambwe chiri pakati peguta guru reJapan Tokyo - neSingapore - nzvimbo yemauto pamuganhu pakati pemvura yeIndia nePacific Oceans - yakafanana nedaro riri pakati peNew York neLondon. Kuwedzera kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika kwakagadzirwa neBurmese Road, iyo United States yakapa maChinese kurwisa maJapan.
Muchirimo cha1937, hondo yakatanga pakati peChina neJapan. Izvo hazvina kuenda maererano nehurongwa hwaChiang Kai-shek - mutungamiri webato reKuomintang, achitonga Republic of China. MaJapan akadzora kurwiswa kweChinese, vakatora danho, vakaenderera mberi, vakabata guta guru reNanjing uye vakaedza kuita runyararo. Zvisinei, Chiang Kai-shek aida kuenderera mberi nehondo - akaverenga pamusoro pehuwandu hwehuwandu, aive nerutsigiro rweSoviet Union neUnited States, kubva kune zvose zvishandiso nevapi vezano vemauto. Muzhizha ra1939, pakava nokurwa pakati pevaJapan neveSoviet paRwizi Chałchin-Goł (pedyo neguta reNomonhan). Hondo yeRed Army yaifanira kuwana kubudirira kukuru ikoko, asi chaizvoizvo, semugumisiro we "kukunda" uku, Moscow yakamira kupa rubatsiro kuna Chiang Kai-shek.
Nerubatsiro rwakapiwa Chiang Kai-shek wokuAmerica, Japan yakakwanisa kubata nekushandisa zano remabhuku rekuita
pakati - kucheka maChinese. Muna 1939, maJapan akatora zviteshi zvekumaodzanyemba kweChina. Panguva iyoyo, rubatsiro rweAmerica kuChina rwakanangidzirwa kuzviteshi zveFrench Indochina, asi muna 1940 - mushure mekutorwa kweParis nemaGerman - maFrance akabvuma kuvhara kuenda kuChina. Panguva iyoyo, rubatsiro rweAmerica rwakanangidzirwa mhiri kweIndia Ocean kuenda kuzviteshi zveBurma uyezve - kuburikidza neBurmese Road - kuenda kuChiang Kai-shek. Nekuda kwekufamba kwehondo muEurope, maBritish akabvumiranawo nechido cheJapan chekuvhara kuenda kuChina.
MuTokyo, 1941 yakafanotaurwa kuva gore rekupera kwekurwa muChina. MuWashington, zvisinei, danho rekutsigira Chiang Kai-shek rakatsigirwa, uye zvakagumiswawo kuti sezvo zvaisaita kugovera China nezvehondo, kupihwa kwezvehondo kuJapan kunofanira kuvharwa. Iyo embargo yaive - uye iri - inoonekwa sehasha mafambiro aive akakodzera casus belli, asi hondo yaisatyiwa muUnited States. MuWashington zvaidavirwa kuti kana Mauto eJapan akatadza kuhwina nemupikisi asina simba akadaro seUto reChinese, haaizosarudza kuenda kuhondo neUS Army. Vanhu vekuAmerica vakaziva nezvekukanganisa kwavo musi waZvita 8, 1941 muPearl Harbor.
Singapore: ibwe rinokosha reBritish colonial zvinhu
Pearl Harbor yakarwiswa maawa akawanda pashure pokunge Japan yatanga kurwisana. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, kurwiswa kwacho kwakanangana neBritish Malaya, boka rakasiana-siana renyika dziri pasi peLondon. Kuwedzera kune maSultanates uye vatungamiriri vakagamuchira British protectorate, pakanga paine pano - kwete chete paMalay Peninsula asiwo pachitsuwa cheIndonesia cheBorneo - zvakare makoroni mana akatangwa zvakananga neBritish. Singapore yave inonyanya kukosha kwavari.
Maodzanyemba kweBritish Malaya aive akapfuma eDutch East Indies, ane zvitsuwa - kunyanya Sumatra neJava - zvinoparadzanisa Pacific Ocean kubva kuIndia Ocean. Sumatra yakaparadzaniswa kubva kuMalay Peninsula neStrait yeMalacca - iyo yakareba kupfuura dzose munyika, 937 km kureba. Iine chimiro chefunnel mazana emakiromita akafara apo Indian Ocean inoyerera ichipinda mairi uye 36 km yakamanikana painobatana nePacific Ocean - pedyo neSingapore.
