Nhoroondo yehydrogen fuel cell mota

Kunopera 2000s uye kutanga kwa2010s kwakaona boom mumotokari dzehydrogen dzakaunzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kumusika wepasi rose.

Kana iwe uri rudzi rwemunhu asati aziva maDVD player uye iwe unofarira kufambira mberi kwako kwetekinoroji inofamba nekumhanya kwekamba pane tsuro, iyo pfungwa yemota dzehydrogen inogona kuita kuti iwe ushuve mazuva apo pennies. aitonga mumigwagwa - kureba. 

Mota dzine simba reHydrogen dzinogona kuita sedzinotyisa kubva mune ramangwana, asi inyanzvi yekufambisa yave iripo kwenguva yakareba kupfuura zvaunofunga chaizvo. 

Ndiani akagadzira mota yekutanga yehydrogen? 

Motokari yekutanga yehydrogen-powered internal combustion engine (ICE) yakanga yakafanana nemudziyo wekutambudzira pane chimwe chinhu chaigona kukusvitsa ipapo wakavimbika, uye yakagadzirwa nemugadziri weSwitzerland François Isaac de Rivaz muna 1807 achishandisa bharumu remhepo inopisa rakazadzwa nehydrogen. hydrogen uye oksijeni. Nehunyanzvi, iyi inogona kunzi mota yekutanga yehydrogen, kunyangwe mota yemazuva ano yehydrogen haina kuoneka kusvika makore anopfuura 150 gare gare. 

Nhoroondo yehydrogen mafuta masero

Upenyu pahwakanga hwatonhorera zvekuti munhuwo zvake aikwanisa kuita mabasa matatu panguva imwe chete (maiva muna 1847), kemisiti, gweta, uye nyanzvi yefizikisi William Grove akagadzira chisero chemafuta chinoshanda, chinozivikanwawo semudziyo unoshandura simba remakemikari rehydrogen uye oksijeni. mumagetsi, izvo zvakamupa kodzero yekuzvitutumadza pamusoro pemuvambi wemafuta emafuta.

Nhoroondo yemafuta emafuta yakatanga apo basa raGroves rakawedzerwa nainjiniya wechiRungu Francis Thomas Bacon pakati pa1939 na1959, apo motokari yemazuva ano yemafuta edzimotokari yaive tirakita yezvekurima yeAllis-Chalmers yakaiswa 15 kW sero remafuta mukupera kwa1950. XNUMX makore. 

Motokari yekutanga kushandisa peturu yaive yainzi Chevrolet Electrovan, yakasvika muna 1966 ichibva kuGeneral Motors uye yakazvirova dundundu inosvika mazana maviri emakiromita uye kumhanya kwepamusoro kwe200 km/h. 

Hydrogen yainyanya kushandiswa semafuta ezvivharo zvemuchadenga muma1980 nema90s, asi muna 2001 matangi ekutanga mazana manomwe (700 psi) ehydrogen akatanga kushanda, shanduko-mutambo sezvo tekinoroji iyi yaigona kushandiswa mumotokari uye kuwedzera ndege. range. 

Kunopera 2000s uye kutanga kwa2010s kwakaona boom mumotokari dzehydrogen dzakaunzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kumusika wepasi rose. Muna 2008, Honda yakaburitsa FCX Clarity iyo yaivepo yekurenda kune vatengi muJapan neSouthern California, kunyangwe yakaendeswa kune hombe yemotokari yedenga muna 2015.

Inenge makumi maviri mamwe emagetsi e-hydrogen-powered mota dzakagadzirwa se prototypes kana demos, kusanganisira iyo F-Cell hydrogen mafuta cell emagetsi mota (FCEV, kwete "FCV" sekudanwa kwazvinoitwa nevamwe vanhu) kubva kuMercedes-Benz, iyo HydroGen20 kubva kuGeneral motors. uye Hyundai ix4 FCEV.

Hydrogen mota: chii, chii chichava munguva pfupi iri kutevera 

Hyundai Nexo

Mhosva yemotokari dzine simba rehydrogen senzira yekufambisa yakawedzera simba apo Hyundai yakatanga Nexo muKorea muna 2018, kwayakatengesa zviuru gumi zvemayuniti nemutengo wakaenzana neAU $ 10,000. 

Iyo Nexo iri kutengeswawo muUS (munzvimbo yakasvibira yeCalifornia), iyo UK neAustralia, uko inowanikwa kune yakakosha kurenda kuhurumende nemabhizinesi makuru kubva munaKurume 2021, zvichiita kuti ive yekutanga zvachose FCEV kuwanikwa pakutengesa. mahombekombe edu. 

Parizvino, nzvimbo yeNexo chete yekupisa mafuta muNew South Wales ndiyo muzinda weHyundai muSydney, kunyangwe paine semi-state gas station muCanberra uko hurumende yakarenda akati wandei ehydrogen FCEV. 

Iyo onboard hydrogen gasi yekuchengetedza inogona kubata 156.5 malita, nepo Nexo ichikwanisa kufamba 666 km pa120 kW/395 Nm yemagetsi mota.

Kuwedzera mafuta eNexo - uye mota dzese dzehydrogen - zvinotora maminetsi mashoma, inova mukana mukuru pane mota dzemagetsi dzinotora chero kubva pamaminitsi makumi matatu kusvika maawa makumi maviri nemana kuchaja. 

Toyota Mirai

Chizvarwa chekutanga Mirai FCEV chakaonekwa muJapan muna 2014, uye shanduro yechizvarwa chechipiri ichangoburwa yakatoita ruzha munhau, ichiisa rekodhi yenyika yemakiromita 1,360 patangi yakazara ye5.65 kg yehydrogen.

SeHyundai, Toyota iri kutarisira kuti zvivakwa zvekuAustralia zvehydrogen hydrogen zvichafambiswa nekukurumidza kuitira kuti itengese maFCEV ayo kuvatengi, uye Mirais yekuAustralia yakahaiwa inogona kungowedzera mafuta panzvimbo imwe chete yeToyota muAlton, Victoria. 

Huwandu hweiyo onboard hydrogen chengetedzo ndeye 141 litres, uye rwendo rwekufamba 650 km.

H2X Varrego

YekuAustralia yekutanga FCEV H2X Global ichatanga kuunza yayo Warrego ute hydrogen injini muna Kubvumbi 2022. 

Mitengo yemitengo isati yasvika haisi yevasina simba pamoyo: $189,000 yeWarrego 66, $235,000 yeWarrego 90, uye $250,000 yeWarrego XR.

Onboard hydrogen matangi anorema 6.2 kg (kureba 500 km) kana 9.3 kg (kureba 750 km).

Zvakare…

Hyundai Staria FCEV iri mukuvandudzwa, sezvakaita FCEVs kubva Kia, Genesis, Ineos Automotive (Grenadier 4×4) uye Land Rover (iconic Defender).