Injini yemafuta emhando

Injini yemafuta emhando inokanganisa kushanda kwakajairwa kweinjini yekupisa yemukati, sosi yayo, kushandiswa kwemafuta, hunhu hwemotokari, pamwe nehuwandu hwemvura yekuzora inosiya marara. Zvese zvinoratidzira zvemhando yemafuta einjini zvinogona kutsanangurwa chete nerubatsiro rwekuomarara kuongororwa kwemakemikari. Nekudaro, iyo inonyanya kukosha kwavari, ichiratidza kuti iyo lubricant inoda kuchinjwa nekukurumidza, inogona kuongororwa yakazvimirira.

Maitiro ekutarisa kunaka kwemafuta

Kune akati wandei ekurudziro akareruka aunogona kuona iyo itsva yakanaka mhando mafuta.

Kuonekwa kwegaba uye mavara ari pairi

Parizvino, muzvitoro, pamwe nemafuta ane rezinesi, kune akawanda ekunyepa. Uye izvi zvinoshanda kune anenge ese mafuta ekuzora ari epakati uye epamusoro mutengo siyana (semuenzaniso, Mobile, Rosneft, Shell, Castrol, Gazpromneft, Total, Liquid Moli, Lukoil nevamwe). Vagadziri vavo vari kuedza kuchengetedza zvigadzirwa zvavo zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Yazvino maitiro ndeyekusimbisa pamhepo uchishandisa macode, QR kodhi, kana post-kutora webhusaiti yemugadziri. Iko hakuna kurudziro yepasirese mune iyi kesi, sezvo chero mugadziri anogadzirisa dambudziko iri nenzira yake.

Nekudaro, chokwadi, kana uchitenga, unofanirwa kutarisa kunaka kwegaba uye mavara pairi. Sezvingatarisirwa, inofanirwa kunge iine ruzivo rwekushandisa nezve mafuta akadirwa mugaba (viscosity, API uye ACEA zviyero, auto mugadziri wemvumo, zvichingodaro).

Kunyora mafuta emota

tsananguro yakadzama yezviratidzo zvese pagaba remafuta emota. Ziva kuti zviratidzo zvemafuta ejini API, SAE, ACEA, ILSAC uye GOST zvinorevei kuitira kuti usarudze mafuta anodiwa einjini yekupisa yemotokari Verenga zvimwe

 

Kana iyo font pane iyo label iri yemhando yakaderera, inonamirwa pakona, inopepetwa zviri nyore, saka kazhinji iwe une yekunyepedzera, uye saizvozvo. zviri nani kurega kutenga.

Kutsunga kwekusvibiswa kwemichina

Injini yemafuta emhando yekudzora inogona kuitwa negineti uye / kana maviri magirazi mahwendefa. Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kutora zvishoma (anenge makumi maviri ... 20 magiramu) emafuta akaedzwa, uye woisa magineti akajairika mairi, uye rega amire kwemaminitsi akati wandei. Kana mafuta acho aine zvakawanda zveferromagnetic particles, saka mazhinji acho anonamatira kune magineti. Vanogona kuonekwa nemaziso kana kubata magineti kusvika pakubata. Kana pane zvakawanda zvemarara akadaro, ipapo mafuta akadaro ndeehutano husina kunaka uye zviri nani kuti usashandise.

Imwe nzira yekuyedza mune iyi kesi ine magirazi egirazi. Kuti utarise, unofanirwa kuisa 2 ... madonhwe matatu emafuta pane rimwe girazi, uye wozoikuya pamusoro pepamusoro nerubatsiro rwechipiri. Kana panguva yekukuya simbi creak kana crunch inonzwika, uye kunyanya, kusvibiswa kwemagetsi kunonzwika, saka zvakare ramba kuishandisa.

Kudzora kunaka kwemafuta papepa

Zvakare, imwe yebvunzo dzakareruka ndeyekuisa bepa rakachena bepa pakona ye30 ... 45 ° uye kudonhedza madonhwe mashoma emafuta ebvunzo pairi. Chikamu chayo chichapinzwa mupepa, uye iyo yakasara yevhoriyamu ichapararira pamusoro pepamusoro pepepa. Iyi nzira inoda kunyatsotariswa.

Oiri haifanirwe kunge yakakora uye yakasviba zvakanyanya (setara kana tara). Iyo trace haifanirwe kuratidza madiki madiki madhiri, ayo ari simbi dome. hapafaniriwo kuva nemavara erima akasiyana, mutsara wemafuta unofanirwa kuva wakafanana.

Kana mafuta ane ruvara rwakasviba, asi panguva imwechete yakanyatsoyerera uye yakachena, saka kazhinji inogona kushandiswa zvakare, uye ndeyemhando yakanaka. Ichokwadi ndechokuti chero mafuta, paanopinda mukati mejini inopisa, inotanga kusviba mushure mekufamba kwemakumi emakiromita emakiromita, uye izvi zvakajairika.

Miyedzo kumba

zvinokwanisika kuita bvunzo nemafuta mashoma akatengwa, kunyanya kana nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero iwe uchikahadzika kunaka kwayo. Semuenzaniso, diki (100 ... 150 gramu) inoiswa mugirazi beaker kana flask uye yakasara kwemazuva mashoma. Kana iyo mafuta ari emhando yakashata, saka zvinokwanisika kuti inodonha muzvikamu. Ndiko kuti, pasi pachava nezvikamu zvaro zvinorema, uye pamusoro - chiedza. Nomuzvarirwo, haufanirwe kushandisa mafuta akadaro kune mukati memoto injini.

uyewo shoma shoma yebhota inogona kuomeswa nechando mufiriji kana kunze, chero paine tembiricha yakaderera. Izvi zvinopa pfungwa yakakasharara yeyakadzika tembiricha kuita. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kune zvakachipa (kana fake) oiri.

Mafuta emamiriro ekunze ekunze dzimwe nguva anopisa mu crucible pachitofu chemagetsi kana muchoto pane tembiricha inogara iri pedyo ne100 degrees Celsius. Kuedza kwakadaro kunoita kuti zvikwanisike kutonga kuti mafuta anopisa nokukurumidza sei, uyewo kana akaparadzanisa muzvikamu zvataurwa pamusoro apa.

Viscosity kumba inogona kuongororwa uchishandisa funnel ine mutsipa mutete (anenge 1-2 mm). Kuti uite izvi, iwe unofanirwa kutora huwandu hwakafanana hwehutsva (neiyo yakafanana yakaziviswa viscosity) mafuta uye lubricant kubva ku crankcase. Uye dururira mafuta ega ega kuita DRY funnel. Nerubatsiro rwewachi (stopwatch), unogona kuverenga zviri nyore kuti madonhwe mangani eimwe uye yechipiri mafuta achadonha munguva imwe chete yenguva. Kana izvi zvakakosha zvakasiyana zvakanyanya, zvinokurudzirwa kutsiva mafuta mu crankcase. Nekudaro, iyi sarudzo inofanirwa kuitwa pahwaro hweimwe data yekuongorora.

Chisimbiso chisina kunanga chekukundikana kwemafuta ndiko kunhuhwirira kwayo kwakatsva. Kunyanya kana iine tsvina yakawanda. Kana chimiro chakadaro chikaonekwa, ipapo mamwe macheki anofanirwa kuitwa, uye kana zvichidikanwa, tsiva iyo lubricant. zvakare, kunhuhwirira kunopisa kusingafadzi kunogona kuoneka kana paine yakaderera mafuta mwero mu crankcase, saka tarisa ichi chiratidzo chakafanana.

uyewo imwe "kumba" bvunzo. Iyo algorithm yekushandiswa kwayo ndeyotevera:

• kudziyisa injini yekupisa yemukati kune tembiricha yekushandisa (kana svetuka danho iri kana rakatoitwa);
• bvisa injini uye uvhure hood;
• tora rag, bvisa dipstick uye zvinyoro pukuta iyo yakaoma;
• pinza zvakare probe mugomba rayo rinokurisa woibvisa ipapo;
• ongorora nemaziso kuti donhwe remafuta rinoumbwa sei pa dipstick uye kana rakaumbwa zvachose.

Kana iyo inodonha ine avhareji density (uye kwete yakanyanya kunyungudika uye isina kukora), ipapo mafuta akadaro anogona zvakare kushandiswa uye asina kuchinjwa. Muchiitiko chekuti panzvimbo yekugadzira donho, mafuta anongoyerera achidzika pamusoro peiyo dipstick (uye kunyanya zvakanyanya kusviba), ipapo mafuta akadaro anofanira kutsiviwa nekukurumidza.

Kukosha kwemari

Huyero hwemutengo wakaderera nemafuta emhando yepamusoro zvinogona zvakare kuve chiratidzo chisina kunanga chekuti vatengesi vari kuedza kutengesa zvinhu zvemanyepo. Hapana anozviremekedza anogadzira mafuta achaderedza zvakanyanya mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvavo, saka usakundwa nekunyengetedza kwevatengesi vasina kutendeseka.

Edza kutenga mafuta einjini muzvitoro zvinovimbwa zvine zvibvumirano nevamiriri vepamutemo (vatengesi) vevagadziri vemafuta.

Oil drop drop test

Nekudaro, iyo yakajairika nzira iyo mhando yeoiri inogona kutsanangurwa ndiyo yekudonha bvunzo nzira. Yakagadzirwa neSHELL muna 1948 muU.SA, uye nayo unogona kukurumidza kutarisa mamiriro emafuta nedonhwe rimwe chete rayo. Uye kunyange mutyairi we novice anogona kuzviita. Chokwadi, iyi sampu yekuyedza inonyanya kushandiswa kwete yekutsva, asi kune yakatoshandiswa mafuta.

Nerubatsiro rwekudonha bvunzo, haugone kungoona mhando yemafuta einjini, asi zvakare tarisa zvinotevera paramita:

• mamiriro erubha gaskets uye zvisimbiso mujini inopisa mukati;
• injini yemafuta zvimiro;
• mamiriro ejini inopisa mukati seyose (kureva, kana ichida kugadziriswa kukuru);
• sarudza nguva yekuchinja mafuta muinjini yemotokari.

Algorithm yekuita sampu yebvunzo yemafuta

Nzira yekuita sei drip test? Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kuita zvinoenderana nealgorithm inotevera:

1. Dziyisa injini yekupisa yemukati kune tembiricha yekushanda (inogona kusvika kusvika +50 ... + 60 ° С, kuti urege kuzvipisa iwe paunotora sampuli).
2. Gadzirira pepa jena risati ravharwa (saizi yaro haina basa, jira reA4 rakapetwa mumatanho maviri kana mana richaita).
3. Vhura iyo crankcase filler cap, uye shandisa dipstick kuisa imwe kana maviri madonhwe pabepa (panguva imwe chete iwe unogona kutarisa mwero wemafuta einjini mukati meinjini yekupisa).
4. Mirira 15…20 maminitsi kuitira kuti mafuta anyatsopinda mupepa.

Hunhu hwemafuta einjini hunotongwa nechimiro uye chitarisiko chezvinokonzeresa mafuta tsvina.

Ndokumbira utarise kuti mhando yeoiri yeinjini inodzikira zvakanyanya, kureva, senge avalanche. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iyo yakakura mafuta, inokurumidza kurasikirwa nekudzivirira kwayo uye detergent properties.

Nzira yekuziva sei kunaka kwemafuta nemhando yemavara

Chekutanga pane zvese, iwe unofanirwa kutarisisa kune ruvara rwenzvimbo ina dzakaumbwa mukati memiganhu yenzvimbo.

1. Chikamu chepakati chenzvimbo ndicho chinonyanya kukosha! Kana iyo mafuta ari emhando yakashata, saka soot particles uye mechanical tsvina inowanzoitika mairi. Nekuda kwezvikonzero zvechisikigo, havagone kunyudzwa mupepa. kazhinji, chikamu chepakati chechivara chakasviba kupfuura chakasara.
2. Chikamu chechipiri ndicho chaicho chivara chemafuta. Ndiko kuti, mafuta akapinzwa mupepa uye haana mamwe ma mechanical tsvina. Iko kusviba kwemafuta, iyo yakakura. Nekudaro, mamwe ma paramita anodiwa kune yekupedzisira mhinduro. Diesel injini dzinenge dziine mafuta akasviba. zvakare, kana injini yedhiziri ichisvuta zvakanyanya, ipapo mumuenzaniso wekudonha kazhinji hapana muganhu pakati penzvimbo yekutanga neyechipiri, ndiko kuti, ruvara runoshanduka zvakanaka.
3. Nzvimbo yechitatu, iri kure nepakati, inomiririrwa nemvura. Kuvapo kwayo mumafuta hakudiwi, asi kwete kutsoropodza. Kana pasina mvura, micheto yenzvimbo ichave yakatsetseka, pedyo nedenderedzwa. Kana paine mvura, mipendero ichave yakawedzera zigzag. Mvura mumafuta inogona kuva nemavambo maviri - condensation uye inotonhorera. Nyaya yekutanga haina kunyanya kutyisa. Kana glycol-based antifreeze inopinda mumafuta, ipapo mhete yero, iyo inonzi korona, ichaonekwa pamusoro pemuganhu we zigzag. Kana paine akawanda emagetsi madhipoziti mumafuta, saka soot, tsvina uye kusvibiswa hazvigone kuve mune yekutanga chete, asiwo mune yechipiri uye kunyange yechitatu denderedzwa zone.
4. Nzvimbo yechina inomiririrwa nekuvapo kwemafuta mumafuta. Naizvozvo, mumajini anobatika emukati, nzvimbo iyi haifanirwe kunge iripo kana kuti ichave shoma. Kana nzvimbo yechina ikaitika, zvino zvakakosha kuti udzokorore injini inopisa mukati. Iyo yakakura dhayamita yenzvimbo yechina, inowedzera mafuta mumafuta, izvo zvinoreva kuti muridzi wemotokari anofanira kunyanya kunetseka.

Dzimwe nguva imwe bvunzo yekuwedzera inoitwa kuongorora kuvepo kwemvura mumafuta. Saka, nokuti bepa iri rinopiswa. Kana nzvimbo yechitatu ichitsva, ruzha rwekutsemuka runonzwika, rwakafanana nekuputika kwakafanana pakupisa huni dzakanyorova. Kuvapo kweiyo mvura shoma mumafuta kunogona kutungamirira kune zvinotevera zvisingafadzi mhedzisiro:

• Zvinhu zvinodzivirira zvemafuta zvinopera. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekukurumidza kupfeka kwezvipfeko uye zvinoparadzanisa zvinosangana nemvura, uye izvi, zvakare, zvinotungamirira kukuwedzera kupfeka kwezvikamu zveboka repiston uye zvinokurumidza kusvibiswa kwejini inopisa mukati.
• Zvimedu zvinosvibisa zvinowedzera muhukuru, zvichiita kuti zvivhare nzira dzemafuta. Uye izvi zvinokanganisa kutsvedza kweinjini yekupisa mukati.
• Iyo hydrodynamics yekubereka lubrication inowedzera, uye izvi zvinokanganisa ivo.
• Nzvimbo yechando (solidification) yemafuta muinjini inokwira.
• Iyo viscosity yemafuta mukati mejini inopisa inoshanduka, inova mutete, kunyangwe zvishoma.

Uchishandisa nzira yekudonha, iwe unogona zvakare kuona kuti kunaka kwekuparadzira zvimiro zveoiri kwakadii. Chiratidzo ichi chinoratidzwa mumayuniti asina kupokana uye chinoverengerwa neinotevera fomula: Ds = 1 - (d2/d3)², uko d2 ndiyo dhayamita yenzvimbo yechipiri yemafuta, uye d3 ndiyo yechitatu. Zviri nani kuyera mumamirimita kuti zvive nyore.

Inofungidzirwa kuti mafuta ane zvinogutsa kuparadzira zvivakwa kana kukosha kweDs kusiri kuderera pane 0,3. Zvikasadaro, oiri inoda kukurumidza kutsiva neiri nani (itsva) yekuzora fluid. Nyanzvi dzinokurudzira ita bvunzo yekudonha yemafuta einjini imwe neimwe nehafu kusvika zviuru zviviri zvemakiromita mota.

Mhedzisiro yekudonha yebvunzo yakanyorwa

ukoshi	Decryption	Mazano ekushandiswa
1, 2, 3	Oiri haina guruva, tsvina uye simbi zvimedu, kana zvirimo, asi mune zvishoma.	ICE kushanda kunobvumirwa
4, 5, 6	Oiri ine huwandu hwepakati hweguruva, tsvina uye simbi zvidimbu.	Inobvumirwa kushandisa injini dzinopisa mukati ne periodic cheki yemhando yemafuta
7, 8, 9	Izvo zviri mukati me insoluble mechanical tsvina mumafuta zvinodarika zvakajairwa	ICE kushanda haina kukurudzirwa.

Yeuka kuti ruvara runoshanduka mune imwe nzira uye imwe hairatidzi nguva dzose kuchinja kwemaitiro emafuta. Tatotaura kudzima fast. Nekudaro, kana mota yako yakashongedzerwa neLPG midziyo, ipapo pane zvinopesana, mafuta anogona kusashanduka dema kwenguva yakareba uye kunyange kuve neakawanda kana mashoma mumvuri mwenje kunyangwe ine yakakosha mileage yemotokari. Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti inogona kushandiswa zvachose. Chokwadi ndechekuti mumagasi anopisa (methane, propane, butane) mune zvakasikwa mashoma ekuwedzera tsvina inosvibisa oiri. Saka, kunyange kana mafuta mumotokari ine LPG asina kusviba zvakanyanya, inofanirwa kuchinjwa maererano nehurongwa.

Advanced drop method

Iyo classical nzira yekuita bvunzo yekudonha yakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa. Nekudaro, vatyairi vakawandisa vave kushandisa nzira yakavandudzwa yakagadziridzwa neMOTORcheckUP AG yakavakirwa muLuxembourg. Muzhinji, inomiririra maitiro akafanana, zvisinei, panzvimbo peyakajairwa pepa pepa, kambani inopa yakakosha bepa "sefa", pakati peiyo yakakosha sefa bepa, paunoda kudonhedza zvishoma zvishoma. mafuta. Sezvakaita muyedzo yekirasi, mafuta anopararira munzvimbo ina, izvo zvinogoneka kutonga mamiriro eiyo lubricating fluid.

Mune mamwe mazuvano maICE (semuenzaniso, iyo TFSI yakatevedzana kubva kuVAG), ma mechanical probes akatsiviwa neamagetsi. Saizvozvo, munhu anofarira mota anonyimwa mukana wekuzvimiririra kutora sampu yemafuta. Mumotokari dzakadaro mune zvese zvemagetsi level uye yakakosha sensor yemhando uye mamiriro emafuta mumotokari.

Nheyo yekushanda kweiyo oiri yemhando sensor yakavakirwa pakutarisa shanduko mune dielectric nguva dzose yeoiri, iyo inoshanduka zvichienderana neiyo oxidation uye huwandu hwekusachena mumafuta. Muchiitiko ichi, zvinosara kuvimba nemagetsi e "smart" kana kutsvaga rubatsiro kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yebasa kuitira kuti vashandi vavo vatarise mafuta muinjini crankcase yemotokari yako.

Vamwe vagadziri vemafuta emota, semuenzaniso, Liqui Moly (Molygen akatevedzana) uye Castrol (Edge, Professional akatevedzana), anowedzera pigment inopenya mumirazvo yeultraviolet kuumbwa kwemvura yekuzora. Naizvozvo, mune iyi kesi, yekutanga inogona kutariswa nerambi rakakodzera kana mwenje. Iyo pigment yakadaro inochengeterwa zviuru zvemakiromita.

Inotakurika muhomwe mafuta analyzer

Mazuva ano tekinoroji masimba anoita kuti zvikwanise kuona kunaka kwemafuta kwete chete "neziso" kana kushandisa bvunzo yekudonha inotsanangurwa pamusoro, asiwo nerubatsiro rwekuwedzera hardware. kureva, tiri kutaura nezve inotakurika (homwe) mafuta analyzers.

Kazhinji, maitiro ekushanda navo ndeyekuisa mvura shoma yekuzora pane sensor inoshanda yechigadzirwa, uye analyzer pachayo, uchishandisa software yakaiswa mukati mayo, ichaona kuti yakanaka kana yakaipa kuumbwa kwayo. Ehe, haakwanise kuita yakazara-yakazara makemikari kuongororwa uye kupa ruzivo rwakadzama nezvehumwe hunhu, zvisinei, ruzivo rwakapihwa rwakakwana kuti uwane mufananidzo wakazara wemamiriro einjini yemafuta kumutyairi.

Muchokwadi, kune nhamba huru yezvishandiso zvakadaro, uye, maererano, kugona kwavo uye maitiro ebasa anogona kusiyana. Nekudaro, kazhinji, senge yakakurumbira Lubrichek, ivo vari interferometer (midziyo inoshanda pane yepanyama musimboti wekuvhiringidza), iyo inotevera (kana zvimwe zvakanyorwa) zviratidzo zvinogona kutsanangurwa nemafuta:

• huwandu hwe soot;
• oxidation inoti;
• dhigirii ye nitriding;
• dhigirii re sulfation;
• phosphorus anti-seiize additives;
• mvura yemvura;
• glycol (antifreeze) zviri mukati;
• dizeli mafuta emukati;
• peturu yezvinhu;
• nhamba yeasidhi yakazara;
• nhamba yese yehwaro;
• viscosity (index ye viscosity).

Hunhu hwemafuta einjini

В физико-химическом анализе моторного масла присутствуют: индекс вязкости, зольность, щелочное числа и другие показатели. О чем это говорит? Рассмотрим влияние базовых технических характеристик на качество и свойства смазки ДВС Подробнее

 

Saizi yechigadzirwa, maitiro ayo ehunyanzvi, nezvimwe zvinogona kusiyana zvakanyanya. Iwo emhando yepamusoro anoratidza mhinduro dzebvunzo pachiratidziro mumasekonzi mashoma. Vanogona kutumira uye kugamuchira data kuburikidza ne USB standard. Midziyo yakadaro inogona kutoshandiswa mumarabhoritari emakemikari akakomba.

Nekudaro, iyo yakanyanya kupusa uye yakachipa samples inongoratidzira mumapoinzi (semuenzaniso, pachiyero chegumi-point) mhando yemafuta einjini ari kuedzwa. Nokudaro, zviri nyore kuti mutyairi akajairika ashandise zvishandiso zvakadaro, kunyanya kufunga nezvekusiyana kwemutengo wavo.